Aqueous solutions are not homogeneous and could be considered supramolecular systems. They can emit electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic emission from one supramolecular system (“source”) can be received by another supramolecular system...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and clinically challenging subtypes of breast cancer, defined by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. The...
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) preserve relevant histopathological and molecular characteristics of human tumors but, when implanted subcutaneously, poorly reproduce the native tumor microenvironment and patterns of metastatic dissemination. We de...
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a well-documented, context-dependent role in breast cancer development. In normal and premalignant cells, it acts as a tumor suppressor. By contrast, during the malignant phases...
Interferons (IFNs) stimulate the expression of numerous IFN-stimulating genes via the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of the transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the host defense against viral in...
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In many cases, the treatment of the disease is limited due to the metastasis of cells to distant locations of the body through the blood and lymphatic drainage. Most of the anticancer therapeutic options...
Plants have evolved many strategies for adaptation to extreme environments. Ca2+, acting as an important secondary messenger in plant cells, is a signaling molecule involved in plants’ response and adaptation to external stress. In plant cells,...
Background/Objectives: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, with a lifetime risk of 14–20% that is rising every year. Although prognosis for cSCC is generally good, certain high-risk features of cSCC p...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanostructures that mediate intercellular communication by delivering complex signals in normal tissues and cancer. The cellular coordination required for tumor development and maintenance is mediated, in...
Oral cancer is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate. Although surgery is the best treatment option for patients with cancer, this approach is ineffective for advanced metastases. Molecular agents are irreplaceable in preventing and treating...
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at the progressive stage of GC, and progress in the development of effective anti-GC drugs has been insufficient. The tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide and the number of CRC patients is increasing progressively. Despite the improvement of the surgical techniques and chemotherapy, we have not completely overcome this...
Cancer metastasis remains the most challenging issue in cancer therapy. Recent reports show that cancer metastasis accounts for over 90% of cancer-associated deaths in the world. Metastasis is a multi-step process by which cancer cells spread to dist...
Endometrial carcinogenesis is involved in several signaling pathways and it comprises multiple steps. The four major signaling pathways—PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)—are invol...
Mitochondrial functionality is vital to organismal physiology. A body of evidence supports the notion that an age-related progressive decline in mitochondrial function is a hallmark of cellular and organismal aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryote...
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer represents the most prevalent molecular subtype of breast cancer, characterized by hormone-dependent growth, relatively indolent progression, and a pronounced tendency to metastasize to bone. While endoc...
Estrogens have been widely shown to induce cell proliferation in breast cancer (BC) cells. Recently, we have described their involvement in the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. The aim of this work...
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are crucial mediators of intracellular signaling and control a wide variety of processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, and motility. Aberrant NRTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to vari...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious public health issue, and it has the leading incidence and mortality among malignant tumors worldwide. CRC patients with metastasis in the liver, lung or other distant sites always have poor prognosis. Thus, there...
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Molecular biomarkers for colon cancer have undergone vigorous discovery and validation. Recent studies reported that overexpressio...
The importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been acknowledged; however, the mechanism through which it regulates the biological function of CSCs and promotes cancer progression remains elusive. Hence, to understand the i...
During tumor growth, the delivery of oxygen to cells is impaired due to aberrant or absent vasculature. This causes an adaptative response that activates the expression of genes that control several essential processes, such as glycolysis, neovascula...
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is considered a challenging malignancy; it is characterized by a slow-growing nature, yet a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis, presenting significant hurdles in its treatment and management. At pr...
Epithelial cell plasticity, a hallmark of carcinoma progression, results in local and distant cancer dissemination. Carcinoma cell plasticity can be achieved through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), with cells positioned seemingly indiscrimin...
Metastases are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths and remain one of the most complex and therapeutically challenging hallmarks of cancer. The metastatic cascade involves a multistep process by which cancer cells invade local tissue...
Src is the prototypal member of Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFKs), a large non-receptor kinase class that controls multiple signaling pathways in animal cells. SFKs activation is necessary for the mitogenic signal from many growth factors, but also...
Acute cerebral ischemia induces distant inflammation in the hippocampus; however, molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon remain obscure. Here, hippocampal gene expression profiles were compared in two experimental paradigms in rats: middle cerebral...
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is in...
Cancer represents one of the most prevalent causes of global death. CK2 (casein kinase 2) activation boosted cancer proliferation and progression. Therefore, CK2 inhibition can have a crucial role in prohibiting cancer progression and enhancing apopt...
Tumor heterogeneity represents an important limitation to the development of effective cancer therapies. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their differentiation hierarchies contribute to cancer complexity and confer tumors the ability to g...
TGF-β signaling promotes migration, invasion, and distant colonization of cancer cells in advanced metastatic cancers. TGF-β signaling suppresses the anti-tumor immune response in a tumor microenvironment, allowing sustained tumor growth. T...
Significant systemic metabolic benefits result from even a single exercise session by activating multiple metabolic and signaling pathways within the organism. Among these mechanisms, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role by delivering th...
Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells escape from the location of the primary tumor invading normal tissues at distant organs. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of human cancer, associated with metastasis and therapeutic resistance....
RTK KIT regulates a variety of crucial cellular processes via its cytoplasmic domain (CD), which is composed of the tyrosine kinase domain, crowned by the highly flexible domains—the juxtamembrane region, kinase insertion domain, and C-tail, wh...
The hybrid golden pompano “Chenhai No. 1” (CH), generated through distant hybridization [(♀ Trachinotus ovatus × ♂ T. blochii) × ♂ T. ovatus], exhibits significantly enhanced growth performance compared to it...
Background: Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is unique due to its combination of thermal and non-thermal effects. Method: This report summarizes the literature on the effects of mEHT observed in vitro and in vivo. Results: The thermal and electr...
Under physio-pathological conditions, cells release membrane-surrounded structures named Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which convey their molecular cargo to neighboring or distant cells influencing their metabolism. Besides their involvement in the i...
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/Fzd/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the major molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. On the other hand, one of the most common clinical CRC characteristics include high l...
Background: Testosterone plays a critical role in prostate development and pathology. However, the impact of the molecular interplay between testosterone-associated genes on therapy response and susceptibility to disease relapse in PCa patients remai...
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biolo...
The human microbiota represents a complex array of microbial species that influence the balance between the health and pathology of their surrounding environment. These microorganisms impart important biological benefits to their host, such as immune...
One important facet of glaucoma pathophysiology is axonal damage, which ultimately disrupts the connection between the retina and its postsynaptic brain targets. The concurrent loss of retrograde support interferes with the functionality and survival...
Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was the determination of change in molecular factors expr...
Intrinsically disordered regions enable transcription factors (TFs) to undergo structural changes upon ligand binding, facilitating the transduction of environmental signals into gene expression. In this study, we applied molecular modeling methods t...
Even though there is a general agreement on the heritability of longevity in humans, the complex network of genetic and non-genetic factors affecting our lifespan is far from being fully elucidated. In this context, simple model organisms can still c...
The BRAF V600E mutation and DNA promoter methylation play important roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). However, the association of these genetic and epigenetic alterations is not clear. In this study, using paired tumor and surrounding...
25 September 2023
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT is key regulator of cellular signalling, and its deregulation contributes to the development and progression of many serious diseases. Several mutations lead to the constitutive activation of the cytoplasmic domain...
The impact of evolution and domestication processes on the sequences of neuropeptide prohormone genes that participate in cell–cell signaling influences multiple biological process that involve neuropeptide signaling. This information is import...
Bone is the most frequent site of distant metastasis in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), contributing substantially to patient morbidity and mortality. Hypoxia, a defining feature of the solid tumour microenvironment, plays a pivotal role in driving b...
The capacity for cancer cells to metastasize to distant organs depends on their ability to execute the carefully choreographed processes of cell adhesion and migration. As most human cancers are of epithelial origin (carcinoma), the transcriptional d...
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