Diet, particularly vitamin deficiency, is associated with the risk of birth defects. The aim of this review paper is to show the characteristics of common and severe neural-tube defects together with congenital heart defects (CHD) as vitamin deficie...
This study aims to investigate an accurate detection method to detect defects in the gasket ring groove of the blowout preventer (BOP) using the ultrasonic phased array technology. Traditionally, it is difficult to accurately determine the type and s...
Folic acid supplementation is recommended for neural tube defect prevention during pregnancy. We conducted an observational, retrospective national registry study to determine the rate of dispensing of periconceptional folic acid after prescription i...
A model to predict the conditions for printability is presented. The model focuses on crack prevention, as well as on avoiding the formation of defects such as keyholes, balls and lack of fusion. Crack prevention is ensured by controlling the solidif...
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are malformations of the central nervous system that represent the second most common cause of congenital morbidity and mortality, following cardiovascular abnormalities. Maternal nutrition, particularly folic acid, a B vit...
This study aims to identify the defect generation rules between defects, to support effective defect prevention at construction sites. Numerous studies have been performed to identify the relations between defect causes, to prevent defects in constru...
Chromosomal instability not only has a negative effect on survival in triple-negative breast cancer, but also on the well treatable subgroup of luminal A tumors. This suggests a general mechanism independent of subtypes. Increased chromosomal instabi...
Background/Objectives: Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin that is essential for DNA synthesis, cell division and proper growth and development, particularly during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). A large, fully randomized clinical t...
Sustainable manufacturing performance is increasingly influenced by the quality of decisions embedded in Quality Management System (QMS) activities, particularly those related to problem analysis and preventive action. In industrial environments such...
Top seal failure of ram blowout preventer (BOP) is one of the main factors leading to well control risk. The constitutive model and parameters of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were optimized by compression and tensile tests, and the failure analysis...
7 August 2013
Birth defects affect 1 in 33 babies. Having a child with a birth defect impacts the whole family. Parents of children who have birth defects face unique challenges and desire to make life better for their kids. They also want to help to prevent birth...
The equipment in a factory will gradually deteriorate during production, leading to the production of defective products. Without appropriate maintenance, the defect rate will increase over time. Consequently, the production cost will rise, the inven...
Defects in thin metallic films may remain undetected until later manufacturing steps have already consumed additional materials and energy. This study developed and experimentally evaluated an automated non-contact eddy current platform for local qua...
Objective: Comorbid congenital malformation of multiple organs may indicate a shared genetic/teratogenic causality. Folic acid supplementation reduces the population-level prevalence of isolated neural tube defects (NTDs), but whether complex cases i...
8 March 2026
Objective: Neural tube defects remain a significant global health concern. This pilot study assessed folic acid (FA) knowledge and supplementation practices among pregnant women in Ukraine. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 95 pre...
Background/Objectives: Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation is a cornerstone of primary prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, adequate preconceptional FA intake remains suboptimal in Italy. This study aimed to assess FA use a...
Background: Physical activity is important for children with congenital heart defects (CHD), not only for somatic health, but also for neurologic, emotional, and psychosocial development. Swimming is a popular endurance sport which is in general suit...
Background/Objectives: This narrative review examines how developmentally appropriate safety and health education interventions in early childhood settings impact the incidence and severity of pediatric conditions requiring neurosurgical intervention...
Adequate nutrient supply is crucial for the proper development of the embryo. Although nutrient supply is determined by maternal diet, the gut microbiota also influences nutrient availability. While currently there is no cure for neural tube defects...
Existing evidence supported that congenital heart defect (CHD) was associated with a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Based on this, this study aimed at assessing the association of maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS), genetic...
4 May 2019
Workers in various industries can be exposed to oil mists when oil-based fluids are aerosolized during work processes. Oil mists can be inhaled or deposited on the skin. Little research exists on the reproductive effects of oil mist exposure in pregn...
Background and Objectives: When a lymphatic-rich area is severely damaged, either after trauma or a surgical procedure, both soft tissue defect reconstruction and lymphatic drainage restoration are necessary. In this setting, we aim to show the poten...
The surfaces of cold-rolled titanium-containing ferrite stainless steel (TCFSS) strips produced from scrap are prone to severe peeling owing to cracking near slab inclusions during hot rolling. In this study, the Taguchi method was used to prevent pe...
Metal injection molding (MIM) is a current technology used to produce products with complex shapes. Despite the accumulated worldwide experience in using this technology, manufacturers sometimes fail to launch new products of proper quality. Often, t...
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are heart malformations that affect the cardiac outflow tract and typically cause significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that maternal folate intake is associated with a re...
Spot welding is a critical joining process which presents specific challenges in early defect detection, has high rework costs, and consumes excessive amounts of materials, hindering effective, sustainable production. Especially in automotive manufac...
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common congenital malformations of humans, characterized by impaired development of the central nervous system. Even though the etiology of most birth defects remains undetermined, genetic and environmen...
1 June 2026
Background: Birth defects remain a major global public health concern, particularly in low-resource settings where awareness and preventive practices are limited. Maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are critical in the prevention and m...
The Cu undercut is a recently discovered new defect generated in the wet stripping process of MoNb/Cu gate stacked electrodes for thin-film transistors (TFTs). The formation mechanism and preventive strategy of this defect were identified and investi...
Background: Folic acid (FA), which in its chemical form is pteroylglutamic acid, is the fully oxidised, water-soluble, monoglutamic form of vitamin B9. This compound is part of the folate group but with higher bioavailability, and it is found in vita...
Objectives: To summarize the best evidence regarding folic acid supplementation for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in women of childbearing age and to develop a structured evidence summary for guiding clinical practice. Methods: We systematica...
This paper deals with the occurrence of construction defects, particularly those due to water penetration in buildings. The considered defects mainly originated from improper management of validation checks during the design or execution phases. From...
Background/Objectives: The lumbopelvic complex plays a key role in postural regulation, core stabilisation and biomechanical coordination of spinal and pelvic alignment. The aim of the study was to analyse relationships between lumbopelvic complex al...
14 May 2024
We used National Birth Defects Prevention Study data to investigate associations between working patterns shortly before and during pregnancy and gestational diabetes and pregnancy-related hypertension. We analyzed working patterns (multiple-job hold...
21 December 2020
The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for tot...
At present, the patent foramen ovale (PFO) does not receive the deserved medical attention. The PFO poses a serious threat to health and even the life of mankind. The first respective case report in the medical literature dates back to the 19th centu...
Total quality management (TQM) is a strategic philosophy that has adopted kaizen activities which drives the business to carry out activities effectively to yield the best desired output, hence, a profitable organization. The kaizen philosophy acts a...
The prevalence of coeliac disease in the general population is 0.5–1%; however, most patients remain undiagnosed until adult age. In some cases, the onset is represented by sub-clinical signs, some of which can be found in the mouth. The aim of...
Aim: This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the available literature on treating molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) or enamel hypomineralization published between 2013 and 2023, focusing on identifying relevant studies and their...
Background: Femoral head fractures with osteochondral defects are rare injuries often resulting from traumatic hip dislocations. These injuries create a significant risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Various surgical methods for repair have been...
4 February 2013
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence and fetal growth. Patients and Methods: The study included 2,508 women who were at-risk for oral cleft recurrence and randomized into two folic acid s...
Architectural quality degradation during construction remains a persistent and costly challenge, driven by inadequate protection planning, poor trade sequencing, and the absence of structured sensitivity assessment. Existing frameworks address these...
Additive manufacturing has recently become a key enabling technology in industrial fields, ranging from customized products for everyday usage to aerospace applications and small-batch industrial tooling. The future prospects extend up to the biofabr...
Although two growth factor receptors, EGFR and HER2, are amongst the best targets for cancer treatment, no agents targeting HER3, their kinase-defective family member, have so far been approved. Because emergence of resistance of lung tumors to EGFR...
5 June 2020
Background: Developmental enamel defects (DDE) exert significant effects both on esthetics and occlusal function and prevention should be the general clinical approach to DDE. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was, therefore, to detect, withi...
Traditional analytical methods for thalassemia screening are needed to process complicated and time-consuming sample pretreatment. In recent decades, ambient mass spectrometry (MS) approaches have been proven to be an effective analytical strategy fo...
Breast radiotherapy can lead to radiation-induced cardiac disease, particularly in left breast cancers. Recent studies have shown that subclinical cardiac lesions, such as myocardial perfusion deficits, may occur early after radiotherapy. The primary...
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely premature infants. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study in which infants with gestat...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brain area. PD is a complex disease that deteriorates patients’ motor and non-motor functions. In experimental animals, the neurotoxin 6-OHDA induces neuropath...
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue and is closely associated with pain and infertility. This review summarizes current evidence on immune dysregulation and emerging immunomod...
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