The operation of unmanned aircraft systems in shared airspace can serve as an accelerator for the global economy and a sensitive addition to the existing mix of transportation modes. For these reasons, concepts of Unmanned Traffic Management have bee...
This paper addresses the question of how many autonomous aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) can safely operate within a bounded three-dimensional airspace. First, we derive the absolute mathematical limits on drone density using geometric arguments fro...
This paper focuses on terminal air traffic complexity indicators. By thorough analysis of previous research, the benefits and limitations of the existing terminal complexity models are identified. According to these findings, a new approach for deter...
Aiming at the problem of the wide range and great difficulty in the future of battlefield airspace control, based on the unique advantages of an airspace grid system in an airspace grid representation and time–space binary computing, this paper...
The United States identifies, monitors, and defends a vast network of controlled airspaces surrounding its own and allied territories. These controlled airspaces include civilian aviation classes (A through G), drone flying regions, and special use (...
The air traffic control (ATC) network’s airspace sector is a crucial component of air traffic management. The increasing demand for air transportation services has made limited airspace a significant challenge to sustainable and efficient air t...
European airspace is currently facing significant challenges due to increasing traffic demand and limited sector capacity. This situation leads to an overload of demand, so Air Traffic Controllers (hereinafter ATCOs) are often forced to implement reg...
Current predictions for future operations with drones estimate traffic densities orders of magnitude higher than any observed in manned aviation. Such densities call for further research and innovation, in particular, into conflict detection and reso...
Recently, urban air mobility (UAM), a new transportation system that can expand urban mobility from 2D to 3D, has been in the spotlight all over the world. For successful implementation of UAM, not only eVTOL aircraft development but also various sys...
Current predictions on future drone operations estimate that traffic density orders of magnitude will be higher than any observed in manned aviation. Such densities redirect the focus towards elements that can decrease conflict rate and severity, wit...
Airspace geofencing is a key capability for low-altitude Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM). Geofenced airspace volumes can be allocated to safely contain compatible UAS flight operations within a fly-zone (keep-in geofence) and...
Free Route Airspace (FRA) permits users to freely plan routes between defined entry and exit waypoints with the possibility of routing via intermediate waypoints, which is beneficial to improve flight efficiency. Dynamic management of sectors is esse...
With the growth of air traffic demand in busy airspace, there is an urgent need for airspace sectorization to increase air traffic throughput and ease the pressure on controllers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method framework that can pe...
With the increase in airspace flow, the complexity of the airspace operation environment has also increased. Against this backdrop, improving the operational efficiency of airspace is crucial to ensure its efficient operation. The discrete division o...
Objectives: The overall approach towards Remotely Piloted Aerial System integration into a non-segregated airspace is that the unmanned vehicles should be able to fit into the current air traffic management system, thus meeting all the technical and...
Airspace sectorization is an effective approach to balance increasing air traffic demand and limited airspace resources. It directly impacts the efficiency and safety of airspace operations. Traditional airspace sectorization methods are often based...
Free route airspace allows airspace users to freely plan a route in en-route airspaces within certain restrictions. It is anticipated to offer the benefit of fuel saving and operational flexibility. Regarding its efficient implementation into the ASE...
This paper provides a study on safety metrics that are used to describe the airspace and identified as important factors influencing and characterizing the safety in airspace considering the traffic of aircraft in different flight phases. Different c...
Recent electronics advances for air transport have increased aircraft density, volume, and frequency in the airspace. These advances come with control requirements for precise navigation, coordinated Air Traffic Management (ATM) or Unmanned aircraft...
The full integration of Remotely Piloted unmanned vehicles into civil airspace requires first and foremost the integration of a traffic Detect and Avoid (DAA) system into the vehicle. The DAA system supports remote pilots in performing their task of...
With the exponential increase in the volume of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), and other types of air traffic control (ATC) data containing spatiotemporal attributes, it remains uncertain how to respond to immediate ATC data acces...
Air traffic complexity is the degree of difficulty in monitoring and managing a specific air traffic situation, and it is one of the main drivers of Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) workload. Previously developed terminal air traffic complexity models a...
Despite the importance of controlling the inter-arrival times of flights to propose strategies for efficient arrival management by the Arrival Manager (AMAN), the specific guidelines of such adjustments and their effect on reducing delays have not be...
The Air Traffic Control (ATC) system suffers from an ever-increasing demand for aircraft, leading to capacity issues. For this reason, airspace is regulated by limiting the entry of aircraft into the airspace. Knowledge of these regulations before th...
The increase in civil aviation traffic and, in general, in aviation traffic going through airspace or a military terminal control area, and the increase in military operations in temporarily reserved areas bring higher requirements for airspace throu...
Today, aircraft demand is exceeding the capacity of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system. As a result, airspace is becoming a very complex environment to control. The complexity of airspace is thus closely related to the workload of controllers and i...
With the advancing development of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), there is a collaborative effort to increase safety in the airspace. AAM is an advancing field of aviation that aims to contribute to the safe transportation of goods and people using aeri...
(1) Background: Stereological estimations significantly contributed to our understanding of lung anatomy and physiology. Taking stereology fully 3-dimensional facilitates the estimation of novel parameters. (2) Methods: We developed a protocol for th...
The role of the en route air traffic control specialist (ATCS) is vital to maintaining safety and efficiency within the National Airspace System (NAS). ATCSs must vigilantly scan the airspace under their control and adjacent airspaces using an En Rou...
The study of airspace sector demarcation can help controllers to deal with complex air situations, provide reference for air traffic control services, reduce the workload of controllers, and ensure safe and efficient airspace operation. Based on comp...
Airspace sectorization is a powerful means to balance the increasing air traffic flow and limited airspace resources, which is related to the efficiency and safety of operations. In order to divide sectors reasonably, a multi-objective optimization f...
The increasing demand for air travel has intensified the need for more efficient air traffic management (ATM) solutions. One of the key challenges in this domain is the optimal sectorization of airspace to ensure balanced controller workload and oper...
To study the generation and dissipation process of agglomerate fog in mountainous expressways and deeply understand the hazard mechanisms of agglomerate fog sections in mountainous expressways, based on the analysis of the geographical location chara...
The advancement of Arrival MANager (AMAN) is crucial for addressing the increasing complexity and demand of modern airspace. This study evaluates the operational feasibility and effectiveness of an innovative AMAN designed for en route airspace, the...
Recent public discourse regarding unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usage and regulation is focused around public privacy and safety. Most authorities have employed key guidelines and licensing procedures for piloting UAVs, however there is marginal cons...
UAVs will present significant air traffic in the urban airspace in the future, which brings new challenges to urban air traffic management and control. This paper presents an air route design scheme for multi-rotor UAVs in urban airspace to enable UA...
Unsafe events in civil aviation increasingly arise from multi-stakeholder interactions, motivating system-level methods to quantify event risk and coupling. This study analyzes 1551 airspace unsafe-operation reports and models each report as a node w...
Air traffic situation prediction is critical for traffic flow management and the optimal allocation of airspace resources. In this study, the multi-sector airspace scenario is abstracted into an undirected graph. A spatiotemporal graph convolutional...
Given the ongoing interest in the application of Machine Learning (ML) techniques, the development of new Air Traffic Control (ATC) tools is paramount for the improvement of the management of the air transport system. This article develops an ATC too...
Contrails are estimated to contribute 2% of the Earth’s anthropogenic global warming. Contrails are ice crystal clouds formed by the emission of soot and water vapor from jet engines in atmospheric conditions known as Ice Super Saturated (ISS)...
The continuous growth of air traffic demand has increased congestion levels and controller workload, highlighting the need for reliable and operationally applicable tools to quantify airspace complexity. However, existing complexity metrics often rel...
To assist air traffic controllers (ATCOs) in resolving tactical conflicts, this paper proposes a conflict detection and resolution mechanism for handling continuous traffic flow by adopting finite discrete actions to resolve conflicts. The tactical c...
The required minimum separation distance between aircraft is believed to be one of the limiting factors on airspace capacity. In recent decades, aircraft separation rules have been modified by progressively shortening the required minimum separation...
Large-scale maritime activity, persistent shipping incidents, and complex marine environments continue to place substantial demands on maritime search and rescue (MSAR). Current MSAR systems do not fully capitalize on the complementary strengths of u...
Air traffic complexity is an indicator that allows air traffic controllers to understand the airspace situation. Controllers need support tools to reduce their workload. For this reason, complexity is a parameter that is being studied more and more,...
Meeting the demand with the available airspace capacity is one of the most challenging problems faced by Air Traffic Management. Nowadays, this collaborative Demand–Capacity Balancing process often ends up enforcing Air Traffic Flow Management...
The proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the United States National Airspace System (NAS) has resulted in an increasing number of close encounters between manned aircraft and UAS, which correlates with the increasing number of remote p...
In order to effectively ensure the flight safety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and effectively deal with the risk of integrated airspace operation, this study carried out a series of key technology exploration and verification. In terms of data...
A multiple-airport system (MAS) consists of more than two airports in a metropolitan area under a large block of terminal airspace that is managed by one or two air traffic control units. When the capacity of an airport or of the terminal airspace dr...
With increasing air traffic, the workload of air traffic controllers (ATCOs) and their limited number is again a restricting factor for the evolution of airspace management. Currently, possibilities to apply artificial intelligence for improving the...
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