Photobiomodulation (PBM) imparts therapeutically significant benefits in the healing of chronic wounds. Chronic wounds develop when the stages of wound healing fail to progress in a timely and orderly frame, and without an established functional and...
The human C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) has two endogenous ligands, C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) and CCL21, displaying biased agonism reflected by a pronounced difference in the level of β-arrestin recruitment. Detecting this preferent...
The cellular signalling process is a highly complex mechanism, involving multiple players, which together orchestrate the cell’s response to environmental changes and perturbations. Given the multitude of genes that participate in the process of cell...
Freehand exercises help improve physical fitness without any requirements for devices or places. Existing fitness assistant systems are typically restricted to wearable devices or exercising at specific positions, compromising the ubiquitous availabi...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection has become a major threat to global public health, especially in infants and young children. Epidemiological studies have indicated that EV71 infection is responsible for severe and even fatal cases of hand, foot, and...
When the global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are unavailable, cellular signals of opportunity (SOPs) can be used to achieve positioning. However, in low observability environments where both GNSS signals and cellular SOPs are less than 2, the...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by elevation in blood glucose level. The pathogenesis of DR includes vascular, neuronal, and inflammatory components leading to activati...
Plant stress is a real dilemma; it puzzles plant biologists and is a global problem that negatively affects people’s daily lives. Of particular interest is salinity, because it represents one of the major water-related stress types. We aimed to...
A low-cost, timely, and durable long-term approach to resident travel surveys is crucial for authorities to understand the city’s transportation systems and formulate transportation planning and management policies. This paper summarizes common...
A surprisingly small number of signalling pathways generate a plethora of cellular responses ranging from the acquisition of multiple cell fates to proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis and cell death. These diverse responses may be due to th...
Redox-active mediators are now appreciated as powerful molecules to regulate cellular dynamics such as viability, proliferation, migration, cell contraction, and relaxation, as well as gene expression under physiological and pathophysiological condit...
The development of numerous diseases, such as renal cyst, cancer, and viral infection, is closely associated with the pathological changes and defects in the cellular peripheral brush. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a potential new method to d...
Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal transductions are limited. They consist of the protein–tyrosine...
Electric Vehicles (EVs), by reducing the dependency on fossil fuel and minimizing the traffic-related pollutants emission, are considered as an effective component of a sustainable transportation system. However, the massive penetration of EVs brings...
Salivary gland function is commonly and irreversibly damaged by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. This damage greatly decreases the patient’s quality of life and is difficult to remedy. Previously, we found that the transient activati...
As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses depend on the host cell machinery to complete their life cycle. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus causally linked to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma and several other...
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Although different anti-melanoma treatments are available, their efficacy is still improvable, and the number of deaths continues to increase worldwide. A promising source of antitumor agents could...
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), a natural ligand for the GPR10 receptor, is a neuropeptide with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. Due to its role in the regulation of food intake, PrRP is a potential drug for obesity treatment and associa...
Metazoan signalling pathways can be rewired to dampen or amplify the rate of events, such as those that occur in development and aging. Given that a linear network topology restricts the capacity to rewire signalling pathways, such scalability of the...
Drought is a severe and complex abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and crop yields. Numerous genes with various functions are induced in response to drought stress to acquire drought stress tolerance. The phytohormone abscisic acid (...
Cellular senescence plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and is recognized as a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence suggests that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced senescence may contribute to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. He...
The International CCN Society has been organizing workshops and conferences for the past two decades to advance our understanding of the biology and pathophysiology of the cellular communication network (CCN) proteins. The 12th CCN Workshop broadened...
Carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) exhibits low enzymatic activity compared to other CA isoforms but contains two surface-exposed cysteine residues that undergo glutathionylation under oxidative stress. Highly expressed in muscle tissue, CA3 has been implica...
During the last decade, research into natural products has experienced a certain renaissance. The urgent need for more and more effective antibiotics in medicine, the demand for ecologically friendly plant protectants in agriculture, “natural” cosmet...
With the rapid development of transportation and modern communication technology, “tourism flow” plays an important role in shaping tourism’s spatial structure. In order to explore the impact of an urban tourism flow network on tourism’s spatial stru...
The human CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is activated by two natural ligands, CC chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) and 21 (CCL21). The CCL19-CCL21-CCR7 axis has been extensively studied in vitro, but there is still debate over whether CCL21 is an overall w...
Inhaled polymyxins are increasingly used to treat pulmonary infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. We have previously shown that apoptotic pathways, autophagy and oxidative stress are involved in polymyxin-induced toxicity...
Besides their main function for energy production in form of ATP in processes of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), mitochondria perform many other important cellular functions and participate in various physiological processes that are congregated....
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) comprise a particular branch of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (MAPK) that transmits extracellular signals into the intracellular environment to trigger cellular growth responses. Simil...
Lipid composition in cellular membranes plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of cells and in regulating cellular signaling that controls functions of both membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic proteins. ATP-dependent ABC and P4...
In the environmental and organism context, oxidative stress is complex and unavoidable. Organisms simultaneously cope with a various combination of stress factors in natural conditions. For example, excess light stress is accompanied by UV stress, he...
Calcium (Ca2+) ions play a pivotal role in physiology and cellular signaling. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is about three orders of magnitude lower than the extracellular concentration, resulting in a steep transmembrane concentrati...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis with a 5 year survival rate of less than 8%, and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Alongside late detection, which impacts upon surgical treat...
Since the evolution of the aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have represented significant challenges to diverse life forms. In recent decades, increasing knowledge has revealed a dual role for ROS in cell physiology, showing they serv...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and therefore suitability of available fifth generation (5G) and long-term evolution (LTE) signals for positioning navigation and timing (PNT) purposes with particular focus on answering questio...
Cadmium (Cd), a prevalent environmental contaminant, exerts widespread toxic effects on human health through various biochemical and molecular mechanisms. This review encapsulates the primary pathways through which Cd inflicts damage, including oxida...
Main forms of cellular signal transmission are known to be autocrine and paracrine signaling. Several cells secrete messengers called autocrine or paracrine agents that can bind the corresponding receptors on the surface of the cells themselves or th...
A cell constantly receives signals and takes different fates accordingly. Given the uncertainty rendered by signal transduction noise, a cell may incorrectly perceive these signals. It may mistakenly behave as if there is a signal, although there is...
Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity and biological functions. However, plants have evolved several cellular and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Drought tolerance is a multiplex trait i...
The need for new drugs is compelling, irrespective of the disease. Focusing on medical problems in the Western countries, heart disease and cancer are at the moment predominant illnesses. Owing to the fact that ~90% of all 21,000 cellular proteins in...
Human T-lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) present very similar genomic structures but HTLV-1 is more pathogenic than HTLV-2. Is this difference due to their transactivating Tax proteins, Tax-1 and Tax-2, which are responsible f...
Intracellular signaling pathways mediate the rapid response of cells to environmental cues. To control the fidelity of these responses, cells coordinate the activities of signaling enzymes with the strength, timing, and localization of the upstream s...
The Class III receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 and its ligand, the Flt3-ligand (FL), play an integral role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of multipotent hematopoietic and lymphoid progenitors from which B cell precursors...
The biology and physics underlying glioblastoma is not yet completely understood, resulting in the limited efficacy of current clinical therapy. Recent studies have indicated the importance of mechanical stress on the development and malignancy of ca...
Regular physical activity with aerobic and muscle-strengthening training protects against the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease and can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. In the past decade significant advances hav...
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrate...
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a type of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. The self-renewal of ESCs is regulated by factors including signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cytoki...
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer resulting from heterogeneous causes. To reveal the underlying drivers and signaling mechanisms of different HNSCC tumors, we developed a novel Bayesian framework to identify drivers o...
Cellular senescence entails a state of an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in which cells remain metabolically active and secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotyp...
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) play vital roles in fatty acid metabolism and other metabolic processes in mammals. However, in penaeid shrimp, the repertoire of genes modulated by SREBP is unknown. Here, RNA interference-mediated...
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