Introduction: MiRNAs have been shown to play a crucial role among lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis (TBC) infection, and bronchial hypersensitivity, thus including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The oncogenic eff...
Breast cancer exhibits various epigenetic abnormalities that regulate gene expression and contribute to tumor characteristics. Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in cancer development and progression, and epigenetic-targeting drugs such a...
miR-375 is a highly abundant miRNA in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In other cancers, it acts as either a tumor suppressor or oncogene. While free-circulating miR-375 serves as a surrogate marker for tumor burden in patients with advanced MCC, its fun...
Background/Objectives: Over the past two decades, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, reshaping the classical view of the genome as predominantly protein-coding. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-codi...
Atherosclerosis is caused by the accumulation of cholesterol within intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages. However, the transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1), can remove cholesterol from these intimal, cells redu...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remain...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lifelong disorder affecting 1 in 3500 live births worldwide. It is a monogenetic autosomal recessive disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conduc...
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Recently, increasing evidence implicates microRNAs (miRs) in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that miR-15a/16-1 is abnormally expressed in brains afte...
The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenging due to the limited ability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the p...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression and inflammation in a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-induced Behçet’s Disease (BD) mouse model. miR-21 was compared between BD patients and healthy controls...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, and patients often experience varying degrees of motor impairment. MiR-137, a broadly conserved and brain-enriched miRNA, is a key regulator in neural developm...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, and ultimately, bone erosion of the joints. The causes of this disease are multifactorial, including genetic factors, such as the presence of the human leukocyte antig...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences of single-stranded non-coding RNAs that target messenger RNAs, leading to their repression or decay. Interestingly, miRNAs play a role in the cellular response to low oxygen levels, known as hypoxia, which is as...
The current knowledge about the mechanisms of action of light-based treatments (chiefly photodynamic therapy and phototherapy) in skin diseases leans to the possible involvement of epigenetic and oxidative stress mechanisms. To better understand and...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in cancer biology and cardiovascular disease. miR-106b-5p, a member of the miR-106b-25 cluster, has been widely studied for its oncogenic activity in various malignancies. However, its rol...
The prognosis for newly diagnosed subjects with multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly progressed in recent years. However, most MM patients relapse and after several salvage therapies, the onset of multidrug resistance provokes the occurrence of a...
Various clinical reports indicate prolonged exposure to general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo). Behavior changes (memory and cognition) are compilations commonly cited with general anesthetics. The ability of miRNAs to modula...
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a small, non-coding RNA overexpressed in gastric cancer and many other solid malignancies, where it exhibits both pro-and anti-tumourigenic properties. However, the pathways regulating miR-21 and the consequences of its inhibi...
The term epileptogenesis defines the usually durable process of converting normal brain into an epileptic one. The resistance of a significant proportion of patients with epilepsy to the available pharmacotherapy prompted the concept of a causative t...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting or degrading messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In ticks, salivary miRNAs are proposed to play key roles in modulating host–vector interactions during blood feeding....
Oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis and necrosis are critically involved in ischemic infarction, and several sources of extracellular vesicles appear to be enriched in therapeutic activities. The central objective was to identify and valida...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by marked clinical and molecular heterogeneity, which underlies the limited success of currently available targeted therapies and results in most patients relying on cytotoxic chemotherapy. This t...
Bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of mortality. Changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs seem to be related to early aspects of prostate cancer, as well as its establishment and proliferation, including the neces...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that do not have coding functions but play essential roles in various biological processes. In lung cancer, miRNAs affect the processes of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatme...
COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is clinically defined by persistent symptoms that endure beyond acute infection and affect multiple organ systems, including the immune, cardiopulmonary, neurological, and metabolic axes....
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains one of the most aggressive solid tumors, characterized by marked molecular heterogeneity and a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent evidence highlights the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNA...
Hematologic malignancies are a group of neoplastic conditions that can develop from any stage of the hematopoiesis cascade. Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Mounting ev...
Oligonucleotide-based therapy has become an alternative to classical approaches in the search of novel therapeutics involving gene-related diseases. Several mechanisms have been described in which demonstrate the pivotal role of oligonucleotide for m...
Respiratory RNA viruses extensively reprogram host regulatory networks, thereby influencing viral replication, immune evasion, and disease severity. This review examines microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulatory interfaces in host–virus interactions, fo...
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive and therapeutically challenging malignancies. It is characterised by rapid progression, early metastasis and frequent relapse. Despite considerable advances in molecular oncology, effecti...
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy of uterine smooth muscle, associated with early metastasis, frequent recurrence, and poor prognosis. Accurate preoperative diagnosis remains difficult given that clinical and radio...
Exosomes can transport regulatory biomolecules and are mediators of cellular signaling among metabolic tissues through endocrine mechanisms. Understanding the pathways and processes underlying exosome-mediated inter-tissue communication is critical f...
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) globally. Despite advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, current therapies are often insufficient to stop its progression. In recent years, micr...
Sense-antisense interactions of long and short RNAs in human cells are integral to post-transcriptional gene regulation, in particular that of mRNAs by microRNAs. Many viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 (the...
Background: Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition triggered by a dysregulated response to infection, leading to organ failure and, often, death. The syndrome is expensive to treat, with survivors frequently experiencing reduced quality of...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control the expression of many target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in normal cell functions (differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis). Consequently their aberrant expression and/or functions a...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can exert a profound effect on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. The interaction of HCV with the highly liver-enriched miRNA, miR-122 represents one such unique example of viruses having evolved mechanism(s) to usurp the host mi...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder. Strongly linked to obesity and diabetes, NAFLD has the characteristics of complex diseases with substantial heterogeneity. Accordingly, our ability to predict the ris...
MicroRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) are regulatory small noncoding RNAs, with their roles already confirmed to be important for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression affecting cell physiology and disease development. Upregulation of a cancer-causin...
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA or ssRNA) that bind and recognize their targets with high affinity and specificity due to their complex tertiary structure. Aptamers are selected by a method called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of L...
Brain metastases remain a daunting adversary that negatively impact patient survival. Metastatic brain tumors affect up to 45% of all cancer patients with systemic cancer and account for ~20% of all cancer-related deaths. A complex network of non-cod...
In spite of at least six discrete classes of drugs available for cancer treatment, the quest for more biologic drugs continues. One type of biologic molecule that occurs naturally in the body is microRNA. MicroRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene...
MiRNA-regulated processes are pivotal in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. These short non-coding RNAs have ideal properties that could be utilized as potential biomarkers; moreover, their functions as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA ma...
The discovery of the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and a myriad of human diseases, particularly various cancer types, has generated significant interest in exploring their potential as a novel class of drugs. This has led to substantial investments...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), invariably infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These TAMs resemble M2 macrophages, which promote tumor growth and suppress...
Asthma and atherosclerosis are chronic conditions with distinct pathophysiologies, but overlapping inflammatory mechanisms that suggest a potential common regulatory framework. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate gene exp...
Background and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition that results in cholesterol accumulating within vessel wall cells. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to this disease being a...
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the most prevalent age-associated disorders, characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strictly associated with NDs and represent one of the hallmarks of these...
Micro-RNA (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of about 18–20 nucleotides in length and are implicated in many cellular processes including proliferation, development, differentiation, apoptosis and cell signaling. Furthermore, it is well known t...
Pharmacotherapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be useful for prevention, especially in people at higher risk, for slowing down AAA progression, as well as for post-surgery adjuvant treatment. Our review focuses on novel pharmacotherapy appro...
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