This paper discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) and the security challenges associated with it. IoT is a network of interconnected devices that share information. However, the low power and resources of IoT devices make them vulnerable to attacks....
Domain Name Server (DNS) amplification Distributed Reflection Denial of Service (DRDoS) attacks are a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack technique in which multiple IT systems forge the original IP of the target system, send a request to the...
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are significant threats to the cyber world because of their potential to quickly bring down victims. Memcached vulnerabilities have been targeted by attackers using DDoS amplification attacks. GitHub and A...
The security of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-(like)-noise (KLJN) key exchange system is based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of classical statistical physics. Similarly to quantum key distribution, in practical situations, due to the non-idealit...
The smart grid (SG) offers potential benefits for utilities, electric generators, and customers alike. However, the prevalence of cyber-attacks targeting the SG emphasizes its dark side. In particular, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks can...
The Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4) has several known vulnerabilities. One of the important vulnerabilities is that the protocol does not validate the correctness of the source address carried in an IP packet. Users with malicious intentions...
We introduce a new integral method for Quantum Key Distribution to perform sifting, reconciliation and amplification processes to establish a cryptographic key through the use of binary matrices called frames which are capable to increase quadratical...
Obtaining accurate information from social media during a crisis can be difficult, but should all information really be disseminated? Social media platforms actively filter out terrorist and violent extremist content (TVEC), but how are users themsel...
Using different prion strains, such as the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent and the atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents, and using transgenic mice expressing human or bovine prion protein, we assessed the reliability of protein m...
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks represent a pervasive and critical threat to autonomous vehicles, jeopardizing their operational functionality and passenger safety. The ease with which these attacks can be launched contrasts sharply with...
Current cloud computing expects to face huge traffic costs, data loads, and high latency due to the explosion of data from devices as the IoT and 5G technology evolve. Fog computing has emerged to overcome these issues. It deploys small fog servers a...
In response to pathogen attacks, plants activate a complex of defense mechanisms including an accumulation of the endogenous signaling compounds salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The activity of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and coronatine-insensi...
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a cornerstone for graph classification, yet their vulnerability to backdoor attacks remains a significant security concern. While clean-label attacks provide a stealthier approach by preserving original labels...
In most quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, a decoy-state protocol is implemented for preventing potential quantum attacks and higher mean photon rates. An optical intensity modulator attenuating the signal intensity is used to implement it in a...
Neural networks are very vulnerable to adversarial examples, which threaten their application in security systems, such as face recognition, and autopilot. In response to this problem, we propose a new defensive strategy. In our strategy, we propose...
An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called quantum key distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is considered safe f...
1 December 2024
The global food security crisis is emphasized by the alarming amount of food waste, where about one-third of the world’s food production, roughly 1.3 billion metric tons, is lost annually. Pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, contribute signifi...
Attacks launched from IoT networks can cause significant damage to critical network systems and services. IoT networks may contain a large volume of devices. Protecting these devices from being abused to launch traffic amplification attacks is critic...
Research in the area of security for Wireless Sensor Networks over the past two decades has yielded many interesting findings. We focus on the topic of (re-)securing link keys between sensor nodes through so-called secrecy amplification (SA) protocol...
Modern cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures face increasingly sophisticated and diverse cyber threats that challenge traditional detection systems in terms of scalability, adaptability, and explainability. In this paper, we present (H...
The complement system has a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, being responsible for cell lysis and amplification of inflammatory response. In this context, several studies highlight that terminal complement complex C5b-9, al...
Quantum memory is essential for the prolonged storage and retrieval of quantum information. Nevertheless, no current studies have focused on the creation of effective quantum memory for continuous variables while accounting for the decoherence rate....
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. The development of a rapid method to quantify cardiac troponin I (cTnI)—the gold-standard biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI) (or “heart...
In this paper, unsteady motion tests of a lateral jet adjusting an air vehicle’s attitude are carried out. Curves of pitch moment amplification factors (KM) for a lateral jet versus angle of attack (α) are obtained using a wind tunnel fre...
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a term that describes the pathological interplay between the heart and kidney wherein either organ may be the originating stimulus that leads to acute and eventually chronic disease in the other. The mechanisms by which...
Standard log transmission protocols do not offer a robust way of segregating the log network from potential threats. A secure log transmission system and the realization of a data diode using affordable components are proposed. Unidirectional data fl...
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries...
When a laminar boundary layer is subjected to an adverse pressure gradient, laminar separation bubbles can occur. At low Reynolds numbers, the bubble size can be substantial, and the aerodynamic performance can be reduced considerably. At higher Reyn...
Terrain conditions may significantly affect the near-ground-layer wind speed in coastal areas. In this research, wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed to investigate the impact of topographic changes on the local win...
Powdery mildew is caused by Podosphaera xanthii, and is one of the most important diseases that attacks Spanish cucurbit crops. Fungicide application is the primary control tool; however, its effectiveness is hampered by the rapid development of resi...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells are efficacious in the treatment of leukemia/lymphoma, however, showed less capacities in eliminating solid tumors which is thought to be partly due to the lack of cytokine support in the tumor lesio...
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is a Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium attacking leguminous crops and causing systemic diseases such as the bacterial wilt of beans and bacterial spot of soybeans. Since the early 20th cent...
The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is a migratory endoparasite that attacks potato roots, causing necrotic lesions and yield losses of up to 73%. Traditional detection and quantification methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and...
Smart contracts and cryptocurrency wallets are foundational components of decentralized applications (dApps) on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum. While these technologies enable secure, transparent, and automated transactions, their integration...
There is an increase in the utilization of the floating offshore structure (FOS) called Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys and the attached marine hoses due to the increasing demand for oil and gas products. These hoses are flexible and easier...
Host plant protease inhibitors offer resistance to proteases from invading pathogens. Trypsin inhibitors (TIs), in particular, serve as protective agents against insect and pathogen attacks. In this study, we designed a pair of degenerate primers bas...
T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have evolved into an essential pillar of lymphoma therapy, reaching second-line treatment. In solid cancers, however, a dearth of lasting CAR T cell activation poses the major obstacle to achiev...
Insect gut microbes have important roles in host feeding, digestion, immunity, development, and coevolution with pests. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), is a major migratory agricultural pest worldwide. The effects of host plan...
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) attacks the immune system, making people susceptible to various diseases, thus increasing their risk of death. Comprehensive detection of major HIV-1 strains circulating in China is vital for effective HIV-1 inf...
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information...
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the...
In this work, we rechecked, using species-specific Loop mediated isothermal AMPlification (LAMP) diagnostic assays followed by sequencing of fungal isolates at the beta-2-tubulin (tub2) gene region, a historical and never confirmed report of Dothistr...
Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) are developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide guidance in establishing the risk to structures and infrastructure from storm surge sand associated waves in the coastal zone. The maps are u...
In the struggle to survive herbivory by leaf-feeding insects, plants employ multiple strategies to defend themselves. One mechanism by which plants increase resistance is by intensifying their responsiveness in the production of certain defense agent...
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a product of dietary, gut microbiome, and tissues metabolism. Elevated blood TMAO levels are associated with heart attack, stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the gut m...
Post-harvest decay of Carica papaya L. is the primary cause of deterioration in papaya quality and the low economic impact of this sector in Cameroon. Field surveys conducted by teams from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER) i...
The topography of mountainous areas is characterized by large undulations, which lead to a very complex wind field at bridge sites in mountain valleys. The influence of oncoming wind speed on long-span bridges built in mountain valleys is quite prono...
Background: Hospital-acquired influenza remains a persistent threat that amplifies morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and operational strain, particularly among older and immunocompromised inpatients. The COVID-19 era reshaped control norms—...
Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are an essential crop for fresh consumption and wine production. Vineyards are attacked by several economically important bacterial and fungal diseases that require regular pesticide treatment. Among them, Pseudomonas syrin...