This paper discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) and the security challenges associated with it. IoT is a network of interconnected devices that share information. However, the low power and resources of IoT devices make them vulnerable to attacks....
Domain Name Server (DNS) amplification Distributed Reflection Denial of Service (DRDoS) attacks are a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack technique in which multiple IT systems forge the original IP of the target system, send a request to the...
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are significant threats to the cyber world because of their potential to quickly bring down victims. Memcached vulnerabilities have been targeted by attackers using DDoS amplification attacks. GitHub and A...
The security of the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-(like)-noise (KLJN) key exchange system is based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of classical statistical physics. Similarly to quantum key distribution, in practical situations, due to the non-idealit...
The smart grid (SG) offers potential benefits for utilities, electric generators, and customers alike. However, the prevalence of cyber-attacks targeting the SG emphasizes its dark side. In particular, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks can...
The Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 (IPv4) has several known vulnerabilities. One of the important vulnerabilities is that the protocol does not validate the correctness of the source address carried in an IP packet. Users with malicious intentions...
We introduce a new integral method for Quantum Key Distribution to perform sifting, reconciliation and amplification processes to establish a cryptographic key through the use of binary matrices called frames which are capable to increase quadratical...
Obtaining accurate information from social media during a crisis can be difficult, but should all information really be disseminated? Social media platforms actively filter out terrorist and violent extremist content (TVEC), but how are users themsel...
Using different prion strains, such as the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent and the atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents, and using transgenic mice expressing human or bovine prion protein, we assessed the reliability of protein m...
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks represent a pervasive and critical threat to autonomous vehicles, jeopardizing their operational functionality and passenger safety. The ease with which these attacks can be launched contrasts sharply with...
Current cloud computing expects to face huge traffic costs, data loads, and high latency due to the explosion of data from devices as the IoT and 5G technology evolve. Fog computing has emerged to overcome these issues. It deploys small fog servers a...
Uncertainty-aware edge–cloud intrusion detection improves analytical efficiency by escalating ambiguous Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) traffic for deeper cloud inspection, but this mechanism can itself become an attack surface when uncert...
In the era of cloud computing and serverless architectures, the security of applications and services has become a critical challenge. Serverless computing, often referred to as function as a service (FaaS), is a cloud computing model that allows dev...
In response to pathogen attacks, plants activate a complex of defense mechanisms including an accumulation of the endogenous signaling compounds salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The activity of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) and coronatine-insensi...
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a cornerstone for graph classification, yet their vulnerability to backdoor attacks remains a significant security concern. While clean-label attacks provide a stealthier approach by preserving original labels...
Neural networks are very vulnerable to adversarial examples, which threaten their application in security systems, such as face recognition, and autopilot. In response to this problem, we propose a new defensive strategy. In our strategy, we propose...
An application of quantum communications is the transmission of qubits to create shared symmetric encryption keys in a process called quantum key distribution (QKD). Contrary to public-private key encryption, symmetric encryption is considered safe f...
In most quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, a decoy-state protocol is implemented for preventing potential quantum attacks and higher mean photon rates. An optical intensity modulator attenuating the signal intensity is used to implement it in a...
Smoke detectors are pivotal sensors in fire protection systems, serving as the primary trigger for alarm mechanisms and structural fire-response strategies. Their security is fundamental to the stable operation of the entire fire-protection infrastru...
Satellite-enabled content delivery networks (S-CDNs) are needed to improve content access for wide-area, remote, and highly dynamic users, for whom relying only on terrestrial CDN infrastructure is often insufficient. However, in conventional CDN sys...
1 December 2024
The global food security crisis is emphasized by the alarming amount of food waste, where about one-third of the world’s food production, roughly 1.3 billion metric tons, is lost annually. Pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, contribute signifi...
Attacks launched from IoT networks can cause significant damage to critical network systems and services. IoT networks may contain a large volume of devices. Protecting these devices from being abused to launch traffic amplification attacks is critic...
Research in the area of security for Wireless Sensor Networks over the past two decades has yielded many interesting findings. We focus on the topic of (re-)securing link keys between sensor nodes through so-called secrecy amplification (SA) protocol...
Brown planthopper (BPH) is a devastating rice pest worldwide, and enhancing intrinsic plant resistance represents a sustainable strategy for its control. Here, we report that OsJAC1, a gene encoding a protein harboring dirigent and jacalin-related le...
Scour around a tripod foundation under a steady current is investigated experimentally. Experiments are conducted on three tripod foundation models and three flow-angle-of-attack conditions. The three tripod foundations differ only in the size of the...
Modern cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures face increasingly sophisticated and diverse cyber threats that challenge traditional detection systems in terms of scalability, adaptability, and explainability. In this paper, we present (H...
LLM agents composing file-system operations, database queries, and network requests introduce permission laundering, where individually authorized tool calls are chained to exfiltrate sensitive data. ChainCaps counters this via monotonic capability a...
Marine concrete structures are subjected to multiple aggressive ions that react with hydration products, driving dynamic phase evolution and altering ion transport pathways. This study develops a multi-scale lattice diffusion–reaction coupled f...
The complement system has a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, being responsible for cell lysis and amplification of inflammatory response. In this context, several studies highlight that terminal complement complex C5b-9, al...
Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) platoons rely on Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication and GPS to maintain sub-second headways, creating cyberattack surfaces underrepresented in standard surrogate-safety metrics. We built a fully equation-based...
Ice shedding from transmission conductors may induce severe vertical jumps and sudden tension variations, threatening the electrical clearance and structural safety of transmission lines in heavy ice areas. To investigate the coupled effects of wind...
Quantum memory is essential for the prolonged storage and retrieval of quantum information. Nevertheless, no current studies have focused on the creation of effective quantum memory for continuous variables while accounting for the decoherence rate....
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. The development of a rapid method to quantify cardiac troponin I (cTnI)—the gold-standard biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI) (or “heart...
In this paper, unsteady motion tests of a lateral jet adjusting an air vehicle’s attitude are carried out. Curves of pitch moment amplification factors (KM) for a lateral jet versus angle of attack (α) are obtained using a wind tunnel fre...
No-reference image quality assessment (NR-IQA) models achieve high correlation with human mean opinion scores (MOS) on clean benchmarks, yet recent work shows they can be highly vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations that severely degrade rank...
Standard log transmission protocols do not offer a robust way of segregating the log network from potential threats. A secure log transmission system and the realization of a data diode using affordable components are proposed. Unidirectional data fl...
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a term that describes the pathological interplay between the heart and kidney wherein either organ may be the originating stimulus that leads to acute and eventually chronic disease in the other. The mechanisms by which...
When a laminar boundary layer is subjected to an adverse pressure gradient, laminar separation bubbles can occur. At low Reynolds numbers, the bubble size can be substantial, and the aerodynamic performance can be reduced considerably. At higher Reyn...
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries...
Terrain conditions may significantly affect the near-ground-layer wind speed in coastal areas. In this research, wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were performed to investigate the impact of topographic changes on the local win...
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) is a Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium attacking leguminous crops and causing systemic diseases such as the bacterial wilt of beans and bacterial spot of soybeans. Since the early 20th cent...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells are efficacious in the treatment of leukemia/lymphoma, however, showed less capacities in eliminating solid tumors which is thought to be partly due to the lack of cytokine support in the tumor lesio...
Distributed Reflection Denial-of-Service (DrDoS) attacks, such as DNS Amplification, exploit inherent asymmetries in standard network protocols to generate devastating traffic volumes. To restore defense-side balance against these asymmetric threats,...
Powdery mildew is caused by Podosphaera xanthii, and is one of the most important diseases that attacks Spanish cucurbit crops. Fungicide application is the primary control tool; however, its effectiveness is hampered by the rapid development of resi...
Host plant protease inhibitors offer resistance to proteases from invading pathogens. Trypsin inhibitors (TIs), in particular, serve as protective agents against insect and pathogen attacks. In this study, we designed a pair of degenerate primers bas...
Smart contracts and cryptocurrency wallets are foundational components of decentralized applications (dApps) on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum. While these technologies enable secure, transparent, and automated transactions, their integration...
The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, is a migratory endoparasite that attacks potato roots, causing necrotic lesions and yield losses of up to 73%. Traditional detection and quantification methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and...
There is an increase in the utilization of the floating offshore structure (FOS) called Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys and the attached marine hoses due to the increasing demand for oil and gas products. These hoses are flexible and easier...
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) attacks the immune system, making people susceptible to various diseases, thus increasing their risk of death. Comprehensive detection of major HIV-1 strains circulating in China is vital for effective HIV-1 inf...
Insect gut microbes have important roles in host feeding, digestion, immunity, development, and coevolution with pests. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), is a major migratory agricultural pest worldwide. The effects of host plan...
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