Journal Description
Journalism and Media
Journalism and Media
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on journalism and the media, published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within ESCI (Web of Science), Scopus and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 30.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Communication) / CiteScore - Q1 (Linguistics and Language)
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names are published annually in the journal.
Impact Factor:
2.0 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.1 (2023)
Latest Articles
Intermediaries between Journalism and Arts: Shared Concerns, Work Processes and Strategies Outlining an Emergent Practice
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 1038-1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030066 - 23 Jul 2024
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Innovation, creativity, and interdisciplinary collaboration in journalism are generally viewed as necessary goods, given the profound challenges of the profession, but institutionalised repertoires and routines tend to keep radical transformation at bay. Change in journalism therefore tends to rely on intermediaries, operating both
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Innovation, creativity, and interdisciplinary collaboration in journalism are generally viewed as necessary goods, given the profound challenges of the profession, but institutionalised repertoires and routines tend to keep radical transformation at bay. Change in journalism therefore tends to rely on intermediaries, operating both within and outside of the profession, to facilitate innovation. This article explores the shared concerns of one such community of intermediaries working at the boundary between journalism and the arts. Through a series of in-depth interviews, this study documents key issues, how they solve problems, and how this shapes the practice of artistic journalism. These intermediaries create, facilitate, and promote an interdisciplinary practice of rigorously researched journalism and impact-focused storytelling using art-inspired methods. The key issues found in this study include the effort going into vocabulary alignment, managing expectations on what counts as professionalism, dealing with ‘uncertainty’ as a structural feature of the work, and dealing with occupational value clashes, such as regarding autonomy and rigour. The findings suggest these practitioners and intermediaries between journalism and the arts feel they shape the contours of an emergent practice.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Rethinking the Relation between Media and Their Audience: The Discursive Construction of the Risk of Artificial Intelligence in the Press of Belgium, France, Portugal, and Spain
by
Cristian González-Arias and Xosé López-García
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 1023-1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030065 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
It is believed that the way in which media speak about emerging technologies can influence the public perception of their benefits and risks. Risk statements highlight the possible negative effects, real or imaginary, that a particular event could have on audiences. Just as
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It is believed that the way in which media speak about emerging technologies can influence the public perception of their benefits and risks. Risk statements highlight the possible negative effects, real or imaginary, that a particular event could have on audiences. Just as journalism varies over space and time, what is considered a risk is deeply rooted in specific social, economic, and technological contexts. This variability implies that journalistic practices are neither universal nor static; instead, they change and adapt according to circumstance. Moreover, technological advances have allowed the press to better understand their audiences and adhere to their demands. In this context, the discursive construction of the risk of artificial intelligence was studied in the press of four European countries: Belgium, Spain, France, and Portugal. In total, 290 texts published in January 2024 were examined. Mentions of “artificial intelligence” were found in the following newspapers: Le Soir, El País, Le Figaro, and Público. Fourteen risk categories and seven groups of voices responsible for their enunciation were identified, with significant variations between the studied newspapers. It was concluded that national contexts make it possible to differentiate the way in which the press communicates the risks associated with artificial intelligence. Although these results do not directly reflect public awareness of the risks in each of these countries, they open a line of research on the possible influences of the progressive monitoring and knowledge of audiences in the construction of the media agenda.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism, Media, and Artificial Intelligence: Let Us Define the Journey)
Open AccessArticle
360° Journalism and Empathy: Psychological Processes and Communication Outcomes
by
Ivanka Pjesivac and Sun Joo (Grace) Ahn
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 1007-1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030064 - 23 Jul 2024
Abstract
This study (N = 199) examined the impact of a 360° news coverage of the Iraqi war on cognitive and emotional empathy, and the mechanisms through which an audience’s empathic responses are enhanced, as well as the role of empathy in impacting
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This study (N = 199) examined the impact of a 360° news coverage of the Iraqi war on cognitive and emotional empathy, and the mechanisms through which an audience’s empathic responses are enhanced, as well as the role of empathy in impacting perceptions of news credibility. We build on earlier studies on immersive journalism to provide a nuanced investigation on different dimensions of empathy and their impact on perceptions of news credibility. The findings demonstrated that, when compared to online news, 360° news led to greater spatial presence, cognitive and positive emotional empathy, as well as higher levels of perceived news credibility. Spatial presence mediated the relationship between news modality and empathy, while the impact of 360° news on empathy was contingent upon individual differences in dispositional empathy. The results are discussed in the context of immersive journalism theory and practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism and Immersive Media: Challenges and Opportunities)
Open AccessArticle
Profile, Incidence, and Perspectives of Disinformation among Ecuadorians
by
Abel Suing and Juan-Carlos Suárez-Villegas
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 993-1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030063 - 17 Jul 2024
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The phenomenon of disinformation raises serious questions for society, affecting public trust and democratic stability. In this context, an attempt is made to configure a profile of the practices of identification and fight against disinformation, assess the incidence of social networks, and identify
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The phenomenon of disinformation raises serious questions for society, affecting public trust and democratic stability. In this context, an attempt is made to configure a profile of the practices of identification and fight against disinformation, assess the incidence of social networks, and identify citizens’ perceptions of media literacy in Ecuador. The methodology used is quantitative and qualitative, with a descriptive approach, using a survey, interviews with experts, and focus groups. The converging points between experts and citizens are the need to develop media literacy processes that begin in basic education and the institutionalisation of the fight against disinformation, which should be assumed through an articulation between citizens and schools. On the other hand, training to identify fake news is directly related to information verification practices. Likewise, statistical evidence shows that Ecuadorians who verify information perceive themselves as fully informed citizens.
Full article
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Russia–Ukraine Propaganda on Social Media: A Bibliometric Analysis
by
Mahedi Hasan
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 980-992; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030062 - 17 Jul 2024
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This study presents a systematic review of the scholarly literature on Russia–Ukraine Propaganda on Social Media over the last ten years. This study performs a bibliometric analysis of articles published in the last ten years (2012–2022) and acquired from the Scopus database, followed
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This study presents a systematic review of the scholarly literature on Russia–Ukraine Propaganda on Social Media over the last ten years. This study performs a bibliometric analysis of articles published in the last ten years (2012–2022) and acquired from the Scopus database, followed by a brief content analysis of top articles from leading sources. Furthermore, the study aims to find gaps in the literature and identify the research area that could be developed in this context. VOSviewer application was used for data mining and data visualization from Microsoft Excel. Some interesting facts were found in the bibliometric analysis regarding research and other perspectives. Though the study was related to the propaganda of Russia and Ukraine, the USA is identified as the most attentive country in terms of research and publication on the topic. On the other hand, Russia published many articles regarding its own propaganda on social media.
Full article
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Open AccessReview
What Does Media Say about Mental Health: A Literature Review of Media Coverage on Mental Health
by
Hao Zhang and Amira Firdaus
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 967-979; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030061 - 15 Jul 2024
Abstract
As global attention to mental health issues increases, its media portrayal becomes increasingly important. This literature review explores the representation of mental health in the media. The study found that the media plays a key role in shaping the public’s views on mental
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As global attention to mental health issues increases, its media portrayal becomes increasingly important. This literature review explores the representation of mental health in the media. The study found that the media plays a key role in shaping the public’s views on mental health issues. Positive media reports can help increase public awareness, reduce stigma, and promote help-seeking behaviors and policy improvements. However, negative reports may deepen misunderstandings and prejudices, increase stigma, and hinder people from seeking help. Several topics including violence and threats have become common themes in media reports on mental health issues. In addition, the portrayal of mental health on social media is emphasized, which provides a platform for discussing mental health issues, but also brings challenges to information authenticity and privacy protection. Social media interactions can provide support for mental health issues, but negative comments and cyberbullying may exacerbate the problem. The significance of this literature review is to provide theoretical support for improving media coverage and formulating public strategies, calling on media practitioners to report mental health issues in a responsible manner to promote healthier public attitudes and more effective policy interventions.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
The Usage of Twitter (Now 𝕏) Amplifiers in the European Elections of 2019
by
Thomai Voulgari, Alexandros K. Angelidis, Charalampos Bratsas, Rigas Kotsakis, Andreas Veglis and Antonis Skamnakis
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 951-966; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030060 - 12 Jul 2024
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The aim of this study is to investigate how amplifiers (automated accounts controlled by bot software) are used in Twitter (now called “ ”) during election campaigns. Specifically, the main purpose is to identify the role and engagement of Twitter amplifiers in
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The aim of this study is to investigate how amplifiers (automated accounts controlled by bot software) are used in Twitter (now called “ ”) during election campaigns. Specifically, the main purpose is to identify the role and engagement of Twitter amplifiers in the 2019 European elections, the visibility of political parties and leaders, and the way in which automated tools are used to manipulate public opinion by influencing voting decisions. The countries considered in the study are two economic powers of Western Europe, France and Germany, as well as two countries of the European South, which are affected by the economic and financial crisis, Greece and Italy. The countries from Southern Europe were included in the sample as they are often used by mass media as political campaign tools. This paper emphasizes the Twitter platform through which the data collection was implemented using the official API of the social networking tool, focusing on the 2019 European elections. We collected data on 88 party leaders and MEP candidates between 10 May and 30 May 2019, as well as on 44,651 accounts that retweeted them. We concluded using 237,813 election-related tweets and used network theory to analyze and visualize the data. The results demonstrate that all political parties use amplifiers to promote their tweets, and some use the same amplifiers between different countries.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Framing Income Inequality: How the Spanish Media Reported on Disparities during the First Year of the Pandemic
by
Javier Odriozola-Chéné and Rosa Pérez-Arozamena
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 933-950; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030059 - 11 Jul 2024
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of how Spanish digital media reported income inequality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way, the goal was to study the framing of definition, contextual aspects, and depth. For this article, a tool was
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This paper addresses the problem of how Spanish digital media reported income inequality during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way, the goal was to study the framing of definition, contextual aspects, and depth. For this article, a tool was designed to analyse the content of the items. An analysis of news published by six digital media in Spain from March 2020 to February 2021 was conducted using content analysis. Within a sample of 2727 media stories in which there was a connection between the coronavirus and inequality, a stratified sample was used (n = 958) according to the content production by quarter and by media. The results of this study show that income inequality was the most common type of inequality reported in the media, and they cantered more on the micro level. Also, it appeared to be linked to the social gap and showed poverty as the main consequence. The frame was focused on social issues, international and national contexts, and expert sources. Finally, different levels of depth can be observed in the news items analysed, depending on the frame.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenges of Journalism in the Age of AI: Information Disorders, Social Gaps and New Opportunities)
Open AccessArticle
Information Consumption Habits of Young Colombian University Students
by
Andrés Barrios-Rubio
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 915-932; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030058 - 10 Jul 2024
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The younger generations are exerting a profound influence on the future of the media. The current crisis of reputation facing traditional media is compelling those involved in the creation, production, and distribution of content to rethink the logic underpinning these processes. The consumption
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The younger generations are exerting a profound influence on the future of the media. The current crisis of reputation facing traditional media is compelling those involved in the creation, production, and distribution of content to rethink the logic underpinning these processes. The consumption of entertainment and information via smartphones is becoming increasingly concentrated in screen devices and social platforms. In light of the particularities of a convergence of media and the characteristics of the digital sphere of users, it is necessary to investigate the information consumption habits and preferences of young university students towards conventional and digital media platforms, as well as social networks within the digital sphere. The objective of this research was to ascertain the news consumption habits of young university students in the context of the new digital landscape, characterised by the pervasiveness of connectivity and the ascendency of smartphones as the primary gateway to the internet. A survey of 1300 students was conducted in October 2023 to investigate their adoption, use, and consumption of traditional and digital media, as well as the devices they use and the importance of podcasts. The results, viewed through the lens of a specific ecosystem, such as that of Colombia, challenge prevailing stereotypes and suggest that younger generations continue to value traditional journalistic brands, potentially due to familial influence. The majority of content is accessed through screen devices and social media platforms. Despite the existence of prejudices, young people supplement their musical preferences with informational content and leisure and entertainment products.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Transfictionality, Extensions and Transmedia Journalism: Expanding the Storyworld of Slavery of The 1619 Project
by
Eleni Chalikiopoulou and Andreas Veglis
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 892-914; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030057 - 4 Jul 2024
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Transmedia storytelling combines various concepts and respective strategies that were originally intended for the expansion of fictional storyworlds. Gradually, technological convergence and the digitization of information facilitated their adoption by the field of journalism. This study examines if and how transfictionality and its
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Transmedia storytelling combines various concepts and respective strategies that were originally intended for the expansion of fictional storyworlds. Gradually, technological convergence and the digitization of information facilitated their adoption by the field of journalism. This study examines if and how transfictionality and its extensions are incorporated into transmedia journalistic projects, with the aim of expanding non-fictional storyworlds. The research methodology follows the scheme of qualitative content analysis in a sample of six essays of the online special issue of The 1619 Project, a transmedia journalistic venture published by The New York Times. In this context, Scolari’s taxonomy of extensions (2009) was used as an objective research tool through which the research sample was analyzed and interpreted. The research findings reveal that the research sample includes various stories whose functions are similar to those of extensions while audience actively participates in the construction of the represented storyworld. Moreover, the whole project incorporates ‘expansion’, a form of transfictionality that extends fictional storyworlds, by using extensions (e.g., sequels, prequels). Therefore, it seems that the field of transmedia journalism adopts both transfictionality and extensions, with the aim of expanding non-fictional storyworlds, enhancing the development of collaborative transmedia journalistic efforts.
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: A Ten-Year Retrospective of Scientific Articles (2014–2023)
by
Fabia Ioscote, Adriana Gonçalves and Claudia Quadros
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 873-891; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030056 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
Academic interest in AI in journalism has been growing since 2018. Through a systematic review of the literature from 2014 to 2023, this study discusses the evolution of research in the field and how AI has changed journalism. The aim is to understand
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Academic interest in AI in journalism has been growing since 2018. Through a systematic review of the literature from 2014 to 2023, this study discusses the evolution of research in the field and how AI has changed journalism. The aim is to understand the impact of AI on journalism, based on a review of academic papers and a qualitative analysis of the most cited articles. This study combines: a systematic review of scientific articles extracted from Web of Science and Scopus (n = 699) and a qualitative approach with categorical content analysis of those with more than 50 citations (n = 59). The results (n = 699) highlight the prominence of authors from the Universities of Amsterdam and Santiago de Compostela. The United States has the largest number of authorships: 261 distributed across 99 institutions. The categorical content analysis (n = 59) shows a focus on issues like the work of the journalist, because AI is replacing journalists with repetitive and monotonous tasks, raising several questions about the role of the journalist. The findings show the rise of computational methods, highlighting the pervasiveness of AI in research, which has not been explored in previous work. Ethics, regulation, and journalism education remain under-discussed in research.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism, Media, and Artificial Intelligence: Let Us Define the Journey)
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Open AccessArticle
The Relevance of Family Language Policy in Germany and Italy in the Development of Child Bilingualism: The Role of Natural Translation
by
Camilla Licari and Monica Perotto
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 861-872; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030055 - 29 Jun 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of natural translation in heritage speakers’ bilingual communication in relation to the family language policies (FLP) adopted to maintain heritage language in Italian and German multilingual families. In order to investigate this, in
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of natural translation in heritage speakers’ bilingual communication in relation to the family language policies (FLP) adopted to maintain heritage language in Italian and German multilingual families. In order to investigate this, in spring 2023, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to both parents and children. The sample consists of 60 Russian-speaking bilingual HS living in Italy and Germany, where they have access to regular primary education and attend, in some cases, private Russian courses or schools. The informants do not receive specific translation training from or into the Russian language (they only practice translation at school from or into Italian/German), and they translate, in most cases, as an occasional activity, closer to the function of mediation or brokering. The role of translation in relation to FLP seems particularly relevant when comparing the two samples, considering different family compositions: mostly bi-ethnic in Italy and mono-ethnic in Germany. The survey showed that in daily life, both parents and children use translation, often as a specific kind of bilingual communication. In the Italian part of the sample, the strategy called OPOL prevails, and translation is a frequent activity in the domestic sphere. In the German one, instead, the separation of language use contexts is widespread, and all family members speak both Russian and German, making translation activity less relevant.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Intercultural Communication in Multicultural or Culturally Diverse Societies)
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Open AccessArticle
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Journalism Practice in Two African Countries
by
Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey, Tigere Muringa, Samuel Danso and Siphumelele Zondi
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 846-860; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030054 - 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Contemporary discussions about the application of artificial intelligence in newsrooms are commonplace because of the unique opportunities it presents for news media. This study investigated the intricate relationship between journalism and AI with the broad research question: How are journalists adopting AI technologies
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Contemporary discussions about the application of artificial intelligence in newsrooms are commonplace because of the unique opportunities it presents for news media. This study investigated the intricate relationship between journalism and AI with the broad research question: How are journalists adopting AI technologies and what challenges and opportunities do such technologies present to them? Eighteen journalists practising in Ghana and South Africa were interviewed through qualitative research techniques. Transcribed interview data were analysed thematically using the data analysis method proposed by Charmaz. The findings were that most newsrooms in the two countries have not formally incorporated AI tools into newsroom practices. However, journalists use AI tools at their discretion in a non-complex manner, such as transcription, research, generating story ideas, and fact-checking. Practical limitations to the formal integration of AI technology into newsroom operations include cost, language barrier, and aversion to change. Although participants recognised the advantages of employing AI for newsroom tasks, they were also concerned about the ethical quandaries of misinformation, improper attribution, and intellectual property. Participants also thought that fact-checking and mindfulness regarding ethical usage might increase ethical AI usage in newsrooms. This study adds an important perspective on AI’s role in African journalism, addressing the obstacles and ethics concerns.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unravelling the Media’s Role in Technological Innovation and AI's Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts)
Open AccessArticle
Discovering the Radio and Music Preferences of Generation Z: An Empirical Greek Case from and through the Internet
by
Constantinos Nicolaou, Maria Matsiola, Charalampos A. Dimoulas and George Kalliris
Journal. Media 2024, 5(3), 814-845; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5030053 - 26 Jun 2024
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Generation Z’s members are considered to have a strong preference for streaming and on-demand media only. This article is dedicated to Generation Z and comes to investigate the triptych of attitudes, opinions, and behaviors regarding radio and music preferences of its members in
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Generation Z’s members are considered to have a strong preference for streaming and on-demand media only. This article is dedicated to Generation Z and comes to investigate the triptych of attitudes, opinions, and behaviors regarding radio and music preferences of its members in Greece through an Internet survey. The research data were collected through a web-based questionnaire, while for the analysis, descriptive and inductive statistics were applied from and through Internet applications and services. The research results and findings confirm previous empirical studies and research regarding the radio, the genealogical characteristics, habits, and ethos of Generation Z as well as that Generation Z can also be characterized as a sound generation. Finally, these research results and findings are considered encouraging and could be leveraged primarily by the radio media ecosystem with the aim of reorganizing or decentralizing the radio for its future form.
Full article
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Open AccessReview
Television Debates as a TV Typology: Continuities and Changes in Televised Political Competition—The Case of the 2023 Pre-Election Debates in Greece
by
Panagiotis Vasileios Bourchas and Georgia Gioltzidou
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 799-813; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020052 - 18 Jun 2024
Abstract
In the USA, for the first time in the 1960s, and in a very systematic manner from 1976 onwards, pre-election debates (televised presidential debates) have become a fundamental and integral method of communication for political parties, as well as an institution of American
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In the USA, for the first time in the 1960s, and in a very systematic manner from 1976 onwards, pre-election debates (televised presidential debates) have become a fundamental and integral method of communication for political parties, as well as an institution of American democracy that contributes significantly to shaping a culture of public political dialogue at a relatively high level, through which citizens accumulate knowledge about political figures and their parties’ positions within a very short period of time before the elections. In Greece, on the contrary, these television programs have not sparked significant interest to date. The subject of this study is the television debates in Greece, evaluated through a brief historical overview and commentary on their structure, culminating in the two televised confrontations that took place within a five-month period during two electoral contests in 2023. Firstly, the reactions to and reception of the two televised debates by citizens on platform X and, secondly, the commentary on the two debates by journalists, columnists, and renowned analysts, reveal the differing interests of both sides. The research results confirm that, in addition to the performance of politicians, citizens are also interested in the conditions and form in which these pre-election televised debates are staged.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Situationship between Broadcasting and Streaming Platforms: Exploring the New Landscape of Media Usage)
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Open AccessArticle
Bibliometric and Content Analysis of the Scientific Work on Artificial Intelligence in Journalism
by
Alem Febri Sonni, Vinanda Cinta Cendekia Putri and Irwanto Irwanto
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 787-798; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020051 - 17 Jun 2024
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism based on the analysis of 331 articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023. This research combines bibliometric approaches and quantitative content analysis to provide
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This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism based on the analysis of 331 articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023. This research combines bibliometric approaches and quantitative content analysis to provide an in-depth conceptual and structural overview of the field. In addition to descriptive measures, co-citation and co-word analyses are also presented to reveal patterns and trends in AI- and journalism-related research. The results show a significant increase in the number of articles published each year, with the largest contributions coming from the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom, serving as the most productive countries. Terms such as “fake news”, “algorithms”, and “automated journalism” frequently appear in the reviewed articles, reflecting the main topics of concern in this field. Furthermore, ethical aspects of journalism were highlighted in every discussion, indicating a new paradigm that needs to be considered for the future development of journalism studies and professionalism.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Journalism, Media, and Artificial Intelligence: Let Us Define the Journey)
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Open AccessArticle
Public Evaluations of Misinformation and Motives for Sharing It
by
Magda Osman
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 766-786; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020050 - 17 Jun 2024
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Concerns around the definition of misinformation hamper ways of addressing purported problems associated with it, along with the fact that public understanding of the concept is often ignored. To this end, the present pilot survey study examines three broad issues, as follows: (1)
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Concerns around the definition of misinformation hamper ways of addressing purported problems associated with it, along with the fact that public understanding of the concept is often ignored. To this end, the present pilot survey study examines three broad issues, as follows: (1) contexts where the concept most applies to (i.e., face-to-face interactions, social media, news media, or all three contexts), (2) criteria people use to identify misinformation, and (3) motivations for sharing it. A total of 1897 participants (approximately 300 per country) from six different countries (Chile, Germany, Greece, Mexico, the UK, the USA) were asked questions on all three, along with an option to provide free text responses for two of them. The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal a nuanced understanding of the concept, with the common defining characteristics being claims presented as fact when they are opinion (71%), claims challenged by experts (66%), and claims that are unqualified by evidence (64%). Moreover, of the 28% (n = 538) of participants providing free text responses further qualifying criteria for misinformation, 31% of them mentioned critical details from communication (e.g., concealing relevant details or lacking evidence to support claims), and 41% mentioned additions in communication that reveal distortions (e.g., sensationalist language, exaggerating claims). Rather than being exclusive to social media, misinformation was seen by the full sample (n = 1897) as present in all communication contexts (59%) and is shared for amusement (50%) or inadvertently (56%).
Full article
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Open AccessArticle
Digital Video Advertising: Breakthrough or Extension of TV Advertising in the New Digital Media Landscape?
by
Odysseas Garganas
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 749-765; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020049 - 14 Jun 2024
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to shape the identity of digital video advertising in the new digital media landscape, focusing on whether and to what extent popular digital ads on social media are differentiated from traditional television ads in the context of
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The aim of this paper is to shape the identity of digital video advertising in the new digital media landscape, focusing on whether and to what extent popular digital ads on social media are differentiated from traditional television ads in the context of the convergence of traditional and new electronic media. Content analysis was preferred for the study of popular advertising content in social media. In this respect, the differentiation of digital video advertising from its television counterpart is examined in terms of the properties and effects of the transmission medium itself on the advertising content and of the features of the digital advertising content itself. Out of the findings emerged that digital video advertising is still in a phase of adaptation/transition, consisting of only a potential breakthrough in the contemporary media environment, since it has not yet exhausted the possibilities offered by the internet and Web 2.0. Currently, digital advertising only partially incorporates and exploits the advantages of enriched, multimedia, interactive, and personalized content, characteristics that would potentially differentiate it to a greater extent from advertising shown in traditional media, especially television.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Situationship between Broadcasting and Streaming Platforms: Exploring the New Landscape of Media Usage)
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Open AccessArticle
Methodological Proposal for Sustainable Territorial Communication—The Case of Castilla y León
by
Marina Hernández-Prieto and María de la Peña Pérez-Alaejos
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 739-748; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020048 - 13 Jun 2024
Abstract
The proximity television model adopted by Castilla y León since 1999 is based on promoting territorial identity and closeness to citizens, in line with the principles of identity and proximity in regional television, albeit with the particularity in the Spanish context of being
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The proximity television model adopted by Castilla y León since 1999 is based on promoting territorial identity and closeness to citizens, in line with the principles of identity and proximity in regional television, albeit with the particularity in the Spanish context of being a regional television system managed by a private concessionaire. In response to the current challenges of the television sector, a consultancy project is implemented with a methodological approach based on a SWOT analysis and the participation of multiple actors. This work details the methodology followed during the different phases of this interdisciplinary consultancy work: definition of bases, development of a base document, and concretion of actions, until reaching the elaboration of a detailed guide that establishes strategic objectives and specific actions. This strategic approach translates into a proposal to improve the performance of regional television and its contribution to the economic and social development of the region; however, the difficulty for its effective implementation due to an uncertain political scenario is pointed out.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proximity as a Key Factor on Journalism Practice: News Production and Consumption from a Cultural, Geographical, and Economic Nearness)
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Open AccessArticle
“News Desertification” in Europe: Highlighting Correlations for Future Research
by
Jan Kermer, Urbano Reviglio and Tijana Blagojev
Journal. Media 2024, 5(2), 718-738; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5020047 - 13 Jun 2024
Abstract
The Local Media for Democracy (LM4D) project is the first project that explores news deserts in Europe comprehensively. Its final report highlighted challenges and opportunities for local and community media and identified the level of risk of news deserts in the 27 European
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The Local Media for Democracy (LM4D) project is the first project that explores news deserts in Europe comprehensively. Its final report highlighted challenges and opportunities for local and community media and identified the level of risk of news deserts in the 27 European Union (EU) Member States. As a pilot project, however, its results are still preliminary and open to evaluation, and, thus, they require further discussion and corroboration. Drawing from these results, and applying a multidisciplinary approach, we extrapolated research directions for the study of news deserts in the EU. By cross-analyzing data from the LM4D dataset with other datasets, we provide a preliminary analysis of three promising lines of research: (1) the relationship between public service media quality and news deserts, (2) news deserts and the spread of disinformation, and (3) social media usage and news desertification. We conclude by pointing out the limitations of this preliminary analysis and opportunities for further research on news deserts in the EU.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proximity as a Key Factor on Journalism Practice: News Production and Consumption from a Cultural, Geographical, and Economic Nearness)
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