288 Results Found

The antigen–antibody complex (AAC) has novel functions for immunomodulation, encouraging the application of diverse quaternary protein structures for vaccination. In this study, GA733 antigen and anti-GA733 antibody proteins were both co-expres...

Novel multi-component composites composed of the biodegradable polymer poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), the water-soluble polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and a supramolecular-like inclusion complex (IC) made by α-cy...

Linear complexity is an important criterion to characterize the unpredictability of pseudo-random sequences, and large linear complexity corresponds to high cryptographic strength. Pseudo-random Sequences with a large linear complexity property are o...

Although the interpretation of Quaternary records of interrelated environmental–ecological–human processes is necessarily complex, it is often addressed using too-simple deterministic approaches. This paper suggests a holistic framework c...

The quality prediction of quaternary structure models of a protein complex, in the absence of its true structure, is known as the Estimation of Model Accuracy (EMA). EMA is useful for ranking predicted protein complex structures and using them approp...

Crystallization remains a bottleneck for determining the three-dimensional X-ray structure of proteins. Many parameters influence the complexity of protein crystallization. Therefore, it is not easy to systematically examine all of these parameters i...

We live in a Quaternary world, that is, a world shaped by the interplay of the different compartments of the earth system—lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere—during the last ~2.6 million years [...]

HupZ is an expected heme degrading enzyme in the heme acquisition and utilization pathway in Group A Streptococcus. The isolated HupZ protein containing a C-terminal V5-His6 tag exhibits a weak heme degradation activity. Here, we revisited and charac...

Quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) has already shown beneficial drug delivery properties and has been studied as a carrier for anticancer agents. Consequently, we synthesised cytotoxic platinum(IV) conjugates of cisplatin, carboplat...

The structural properties of a new copper (II) complex [Cu2(cip)2(bpy)2(pip)]·6H2O (bpy=2,2’-bipyridyl, cip=1-cyclopropyl-6-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, pip= piperazinyl anion), obtained during the synthesis of the copper complex wit...

In what are now the warm deserts of the American Southwest, direct effects of changing climate on plant distributions are typically viewed as the principal driver of vegetation changes that followed the late Pleistocene–Holocene transition (LPH...

In this study, quaternary-ammonium-functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) Et-N-Cu(BDC-NH2)(DMF), were prepared, characterized, and applied for the highly effective removal of metal cyanide complexes, including Pd(CN)42−, Co(CN)63&...

An amphoteric random copolymer (P(SA)91) composed of anionic sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS, S) and cationic 3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC, A) was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfe...

In central Tunisia, anthropic activities, such as groundwater abstraction for irrigation, have resulted in excessive groundwater level declines of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer hosted in Kairouan Plain. Besides, the two dams El Houareb and Sidi Saa...

The Quaternary stratigraphic unit is an important underground space resource for sustainable urban development. It is of great significance to understand the spatial variation characteristics of the Quaternary stratigraphic structure and its internal...

Protein quaternary structure complex is also known as a multimer, which plays an important role in a cell. The dimer structure of transcription factors is involved in gene regulation, but the trimer structure of virus-infection-associated glycoprotei...

Contiguous quaternary carbons in terpene natural products remain a major challenge in total synthesis. Synthetic strategies to overcome this challenge will be a pivotal prerequisite to the medicinal application of natural products and their analogs o...

This study examines one of the limitations of CALPHAD databases when applied to high entropy alloys and complex concentrated alloys. We estimate the level of the thermodynamic description, which is still sufficient to correctly predict thermodynamic...

The multimolecular assembly of three-dimensionally structured proteins forms their quaternary structures, some of which have high geometric symmetry. The size and complexity of protein quaternary structures often increase in a hierarchical manner, wi...

Supercapacitors have a wide range of applications in high-technology fields. The desolvation of organic electrolyte cations affects the capacity size and conductivity of supercapacitors. However, few relevant studies have been published in this field...

Marine geological studies of Naples Bay are discussed and reviewed, focusing on the application of the seismo-stratigraphic concepts to a Late Quaternary volcanic area. The Naples Bay represents an active volcanic area in which the interactions betwe...

Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus genera. It appears as a contaminant in grains, fruits, and spices. After oral exposure to CIT, its major urinary metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DHC) is formed...

Iron in soil exists in various valence states and is prone to changes with alterations in soil environmental conditions. Its migration and transformation are crucial for soil formation and understanding soil evolution. This study focuses on Quaternar...

Every protein consists of a linear sequence over an alphabet of 20 letters/amino acids. The sequence unfolds in the 3-dimensional space through secondary (local foldings), tertiary (bonds) and quaternary (disjoint multiple) structures. The mere exist...

Three different ionene polymers with varying quaternary ammonium moieties were used as a proof of concept for the formulation of antisense oligonucleotides, which are capable of inhibiting Renilla luciferase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Cationi...

Alpine topography is formed by a complex series of geomorphological processes that result in a vast number of different landforms. The youngest and most diverse landforms are various Quaternary sedimentary bodies, each characterised by its unique lan...

To determine whether quaternary ammonium (k21) binds to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein via computational molecular docking simulations, the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain...

The formation of multienzymatic complexes allows for the fine tuning of many aspects of enzymatic functions, such as efficiency, localization, stability, and moonlighting. Here, we investigated, in solution, the structure of bacterial cysteine syntha...

Redox flow batteries (RFB) are one of the most interesting technologies in the field of energy storage, since they allow the decoupling of power and capacity. Zinc–bromine flow batteries (ZBFB) are a type of hybrid RFB, as the capacity depends on the...

Groundwater is an important freshwater resource in the world and serves as the main source of water for mining areas in Northern China. Coal mining may cause changes in water quality. As such, to identify ways to prevent water contamination, this stu...

The Mediterranean coastal aquifer system of the Grombalia basin (NE Tunisia) offers immense potential as a source of fresh water for agriculture, industry, and drinking water supply. Nonetheless, due to its intricate hydrogeological characteristics a...

Adulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with cheaper edible oils is of considerable concern in the olive oil industry. The potential of Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistics has been investigated for evaluating the authentici...

Groundwater is the main resource for irrigation and drinking supply in most parts of Syria, as for most Mediterranean countries, however this resource suffers from mismanagement. In the study area (northeast of Mt. Hermon), the lack of information ma...

The Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a horseshoe-shaped homodimer, which interacts with various effector proteins, including Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). These interactions are critically dependent on the pair of N-glycans packed between...

Supercapacitors have many applications in new energy and other high-tech fields. The desolvation effect on ions affects the capacity size of supercapacitors, and there are few relevant studies published in this field at present. In this experiment, b...

The formation of inherently chiral calix[4]arenes by the intramolecular cyclization approach suffers from a limited number of suitable substrates for these reactions. Here, we report an easy way to prepare one class of such compounds: calixquinolines...

Estimating sound velocity in seabed sediment of shallow near-shore areas submerged after the Last Glacial Maximum is often difficult due to the heterogeneous sedimentary composition resulting from sea-level changes affecting the sedimentary environme...

Viruses are simple agents exhibiting complex reproductive mechanisms. Decades of research have provided crucial basic insights, antiviral medication and moderately successful gene therapy trials. The most infectious viral particle is, however, not al...

Upon stimulus by CO2, CO2-switchable viscoelastic fluids experience a deliberate transition between non-viscous and highly viscous solution states. Despite attracting considerable recent attention, most such fluids have not been applied at a large- s...

Poly(methyl acrylate)-b-poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone/maleic anhydride/styrene) (PMA-b-P (NVP/MAH/St)) quaternary amphiphilic block copolymer prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) was used to improve the anti-hydrolysis and d...

Ischia shows intriguing and complex geology, which has been deeply investigated. In this paper, a reappraisal of the Quaternary geologic evolution of Ischia based on literature data is advised, concentrating on the volcanology of the island, based on...

A stereocontrolled approach to the cis-decalin framework of clerodane diterpenes and biologically active quinone sesquiterpenes is reported. Starting from an inexpensive optically pure tetrahydroindanone, Birch reductive alkylation builds two new con...

A package of upper Messinian volcaniclastic layers (UMVLs), exposed in the deep-water foreland basin system of the central Apennines (Italy), is the volcanic product of a rhyolitic eruption dated to 5.5 Ma. These UMVLs are an important marker for str...

The effect of synergies between saline-tolerant grass and legume species grown in saline soil, on yield, quality, composition, persistence, and weed suppression was studied in 2019–2021 in a moderately saline soil located in the dark brown soil...

This study develops a dual-mode antibacterial orthodontic adhesive by integrating quaternary ammonium salt-modified large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QLMSN@CHX). The material integrates two antibacterial mechanisms: (1) contact killing via...

Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that plays a vital role in various physiological processes. The remarkable structural complexity of heparin, consisting of repeating disaccharide units, makes it a c...

The fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis for binary metal fluorides (AlF3, CaF2, MgF2) has been extended to ternary and quaternary alkaline earth metal fluorides (CaAlF5, Ca2AlF7, LiMgAlF6). The formation and crystallization of nanoscopic ternary CaAlF5 and...

A collection of papers appears under the title “Special External Effects on Fluvial System Evolution” in the journal, Quaternary. This is a new Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG), illustrating the recent pr...

The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is a non-parametric supervised machine learning classifier; which uses proximity and similarity to make classifications or predictions about the grouping of an individual data point. This ability makes the KNN...

The cartographic landscape analysis of Lake Doshne employs geographic landscape methods, GIS cartographic modeling, and geo-ecological analysis. This study includes hydrochemical analysis of the lake’s water mass, focusing on saline blocks, tro...