The nine-member CLC gene family of Cl− chloride-transporting membrane proteins is divided into plasma membrane-localized Cl− channels and endo-/lysosomal Cl−/H+ antiporters. Accessory proteins have been identified for ClC-K and ClC-...
Chloride channels (ClCs) have gained worldwide interest because of their molecular diversity, widespread distribution in mammalian tissues and organs, and their link to various human diseases. Nine different ClCs have been molecularly identified and...
ClC-7 is a ubiquitously expressed voltage-gated Cl−/H+ exchanger that critically contributes to lysosomal ion homeostasis. Together with its β-subunit Ostm1, ClC-7 localizes to lysosomes and to the ruffled border of osteoclasts, where it s...
Lubiprostone, a 20-carbon synthetic fatty acid used for the treatment of constipation, is thought to act through an action on Cl− channel ClC-2. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced and absorbed in the distal intestine. We explore wheth...
Endosomal ClC-3 and ClC-4 Cl−/H+ antiporters are essential regulators of vesicular ion homeostasis and neuronal function, yet the mechanisms controlling their activity remain incompletely understood. TMEM9A has recently emerged as an accessory...
Dental fluorosis (DF) is a common endemic disease that damages dental enamel. Traditionally, DF has been attributed to environmental fluoride overload. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that genetic factors also modulate individual susceptibilit...
Dent disease (DD1) is a rare tubulopathy caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene. Glomerulosclerosis was recently reported in DD1 patients and ClC-5 protein was shown to be expressed in human podocytes. Nephrin and actin cytoskeleton play a key role fo...
Variants in CLCN3 and CLCN4, encoding the neuronal endosomal Cl−/H+ antiporters ClC-3 and ClC-4, are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with broad phenotypic variability. Over sixty CLCN4 variants have been functionally characterized, showi...
CLC proteins comprise Cl− channels and anion/H+ antiporters involved in several fundamental physiological processes. ClC-7 is a lysosomal Cl−/H+ antiporter that together with its beta subunit Ostm1 has a critical role in the ionic homeost...
The opening of the Torpedo CLC-0 chloride (Cl−) channel is known to be regulated by two gating mechanisms: fast gating and slow (common) gating. The structural basis underlying the fast-gating mechanism is better understood than that of the slo...
The ClC-2 channel plays a critical role in maintaining ion homeostasis in the brain and the testis. Loss-of-function mutations in the ClC-2-encoding human CLCN2 gene are linked to the white matter disease leukodystrophy. Clcn2-deficient mice display...
Dent disease (DD), an X-linked renal tubulopathy, is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in CLCN5 (DD1) and OCRL genes. CLCN5 encodes the ClC-5 antiporter that in proximal tubules (PT) participates in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low...
Voltage-gated ClC-2 channels are essential for chloride homeostasis. Complete knockout of mouse ClC-2 leads to testicular degeneration and neuronal myelin vacuolation. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the ClC-2-encoding human CLCN2...
Myotonia congenita is a hereditary muscle disease mainly characterized by muscle hyperexcitability, which leads to a sustained burst of discharges that correlates with the magnitude and duration of involuntary aftercontractions, muscle stiffness, and...
Leukodystrophies (LDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases in which mutations in glial cell genes lead to alterations in myelin formation and/or maintenance, ultimately causing white matter dysfunction. Increasing evidence on the gen...
CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is one of the most used land databases intended for pan-European-scale analysis. Despite periodic updates, the data suffer from generalization, subjectivity, and inconsistent local knowledge, leading to a distorted representat...
Given the key role played by ClC-K chloride channels in kidney and inner ear physiology and pathology, they can be considered important targets for drug discovery. Indeed, ClC-Ka and ClC-Kb inhibition would interfere with the urine countercurrent con...
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has been extensively studied by technicians for its advantages of safety, convenience and aesthetics. The load-independent constant current (CC) output is the focus of WPT research and has been initially applied in vario...
This paper contains the results of research on a promising combustion technology known as chemical looping combustion (CLC) and chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). The remarkable advantages of CLC are, among others, that concentrated CO2...
Intracellular transport of chloride by members of the CLC transporter family involves a coupled exchange between a Cl− anion and a proton (H+), which makes the transport function dependent on ambient pH. Transport activity peaks at pH 4.5 and stalls...
Endosomes and lysosomes are intracellular vesicular organelles with important roles in cell functions such as protein homeostasis, clearance of extracellular material, and autophagy. Endolysosomes are characterized by an acidic luminal pH that is cri...
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is one of the most advanced technologies allowing for the reduction in CO2 emissions during the combustion of solid fuels. The modified method combines chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) and in situ gasif...
Recent evidence suggests that chloride channels are critical for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We examined the effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chloride channel expression and associations with human conjunctiva...
Coding sequences of the CLC family genes SaCLCd, SaCLCf, and SaCLCg, the putative orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana AtCLCd, AtCLCf, and AtCLCg genes, were cloned from the euhalophyte Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall. The key conserved motifs and glutamates...
In vitro cell-line cytotoxicity is widely used in the experimental studies of potential antineoplastic agents and evaluation of safety in drug discovery. In silico estimation of cytotoxicity against hundreds of tumor cell lines and dozens of normal c...
Background/Objectives: Resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is usually attributed to DNA repair, drug efflux and apoptotic threshold. Chloride channels intersect these processes but are rarely considered as a group. This review asks...
Changes in land use, which accompany the development of towns, generate a transitional zone on the border between areas of urban and rural use, which—due to its complex (unspecified, fuzzy) land use—cannot be identified either as a rural or an urban...
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general...
Clathrin is an evolutionarily highly conserved evolutionary protein consisting of clathrin light chains (CLC) and clathrin heavy chains (CHC), and these form its basic structure. Clathrin is an important host factor in the process of viral infection....
The HCO3− concentration in venous serum ([HCO3−]s) is a factor commonly used for detecting the body pH and metabolic conditions. To exactly detect [HCO3−]s, the venous CO2 pressure should be kept as it is in the vein. The [HCO3−]s measurement is tech...
22 January 2023
The study demonstrated that the rate of spatial development is correlated with its fractal dimension. The presented results indicate that the fractal dimension can be a useful tool for describing different phases of urban development. Therefore, the...
The objective of the research was to prepare Fe-based materials for use as oxygen carriers (OCs) and investigate their reactivity in terms of their applicability to energy systems. The performance of ZrO2 supported Fe-Mn oxide oxygen carriers with hy...
Chloride channel proteins (CLCs) are essential anion transporters involved in plant growth, osmotic regulation, and ion homeostasis. However, their genome-wide characterization in tetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) remains unexplored. In this st...
Non-dystrophic myotonias have been linked to loss-of-function mutations in the ClC-1 chloride channel or gain-of-function mutations in the Nav1.4 sodium channel. Here, we describe a family with members diagnosed with Thomsen’s disease. One novel muta...
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is believed to cause white matter lesions (WMLs), leading to cognitive impairment. Previous studies have shown that inflammation and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (OLs) are involved in the pathogenesis of WMLs, but effe...
To investigate the thermal and physical properties of perovskite-type (C3H7NH3)2CdCl4, its temperature-dependent chemical shifts and spin–lattice relaxation times are measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calori...
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) is associated with high mortality and limited treatment options. Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is still lacking. This research aims to analyze the transcriptomic profile of SqCLC...
Mutations in the skeletal muscle-specific CLC-1 chloride channel are associated with the human hereditary disease myotonia congenita. The molecular pathophysiology underlying some of the disease-causing mutations can be ascribed to defective human CL...
Chloride is an essential nutrient for plants, but high concentrations can be harmful. Silicon ameliorates both abiotic and biotic stresses in plants, but it is unknown if it can prevent cellular increase of chloride. Therefore, we investigated the in...
The renal collecting duct is known to play a critical role in many physiological processes, including systemic water–electrolyte homeostasis, acid–base balance, and the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. ClC-K2 (ClC-Kb in humans) is a Cl...
The increasing global demand for clean water is driving the development of advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as an efficient photocatalyst for degrading organic pollutants, such as synthetic dye...
Urban sprawl is generally defined as the urbanization of space adjacent to a city, which results from that city’s development. The discussed phenomenon involves land development, mainly agricultural land, in the proximity of cities, the develop...
Tunable laser sources with a wide wavelength tuning range, mode-hop-free (MHF) operation, and high spectral purity are essential for applications such as high-resolution spectroscopy, coherent detection, and intelligent fiber sensing. In this paper,...
The efficient “One-pot” CuCl2-catalyzed C–S bond coupling reactions were developed for the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepines and 11-methy-ldibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepines via 2-iodobenzaldehydes/2-iodoacetophenones with 2-amino...
Waveguide optical properties of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) layer with a deformed lying helix (DLH) have been studied by numerical simulations using the finite difference time domain method. The DLH structure, when the helix’s axis is or...
Heterogeneous chemical looping combustion (CLC) reactions and conjugate transports in large oxygen carrier particles were numerically investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches, in which a simplified noncatalytic reaction model w...
This paper is a detailed review of the chemistry of medium-size reactive systems using the following hydrogen abstraction reactions with ethane, X + C2H6 → HX + C2H5; X ≡ H, F(2P), Cl(2P), O(3P) and OH, and focusing attention mainly on the...
The selective depolymerization of β-O-4 lignin models into high-value aromatic monomers using photocatalysis presents both significant opportunities and challenges. Photocatalysts often face issues such as high photogenerated carrier recombinati...
This study aims to explore the protective effects of Hong-bai-lan-shen (HBLS) extract, a traditional Chinese medicine compound, on myocardial injury based on metabolomics. H9C2 cells were cultured with HBLS extract for 12 h, and then the cells were c...
Receptor-mediated endocytosis in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) is important for the reabsorption and metabolization of proteins and other substances, including carrier-bound vitamins and trace elements, in glomerular filtrates. Impai...
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