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Electronics, Volume 10, Issue 13

2021 July-1 - 104 articles

Cover Story: The advancement in UAVs, along with their integration with cellular and satellite communication, provides several applications and stable services in remote locations. However, UAVs are becoming easy targets for cyber attackers due to their weak and poor security infrastructure. In this paper, we introduced a machine-learning-enabled Intrusion Detection System (IDS) security model for 5G-Connected UAV Networks. This security model is based on a popular network dataset that can harness ML to effectively detect various types of vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. The effectiveness of various types of ML algorithms used in IDS was compared, and the results were presented. View this paper
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Articles (104)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,941 Views
15 Pages

Design of Refueling Control System with Multi-ControlTerminal Based on Network

  • Bowen Zeng,
  • Zhongmin Zhang,
  • Xiao Zhang and
  • Jing Xiang

This paper discusses a network-based refueling control system with multiple control terminals that achieves the control input and display of near-aircraft position, refueling station, and centralized console. The system can achieve the closed-loop co...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,208 Views
17 Pages

Fast Computation by MLFMM-FFT with NURBS in Large Volumetric Dielectric Structures

  • Alejandro Pons,
  • Alvaro Somolinos,
  • Ivan González and
  • Felipe Cátedra

A refinement for the computation of the rigorous part of the multi-level fast multipole method (MLFMM) of analyzing volumetric objects is presented. A scheme based on the fast Fourier technique (FFT) is proposed with the objective of reducing the com...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Electromagnetic Problems Involving Antennas)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,468 Views
11 Pages

In this study, we developed a V-NAND with an improved IGZO-P type (IP) floating filler (FF) structure based on an IGZO channel verified in previous studies and demonstrated that it has a very fast erase speed through device simulation. The proposed F...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New CMOS Devices and Their Applications II)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,424 Views
18 Pages

Behavioral Model of Silicon Photo-Multipliers Suitable for Transistor-Level Circuit Simulation

  • Gianluca Giustolisi,
  • Paolo Finocchiaro,
  • Alfio Pappalardo and
  • Gaetano Palumbo

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are photo-electronic devices able to detect single photons and permit the measurement of weak optical signals. Single-photon detection is accomplished through high-performance read-out front-end electronics whose desi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Electronics: Recent Advances in Microelectronics and Optoelectronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,863 Views
19 Pages

Introduction of virtualization containers and container orchestrators fundamentally changed the landscape of cloud application development. Containers provide an ideal way for practical implementation of microservice-based architecture, which allows...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cloud Computing and Applications, Volume II)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
9,036 Views
16 Pages

A Complete Control System for a High Voltage Converter in an Electrostatic Precipitator

  • Fernando Jesús García Díaz,
  • Juan Díaz,
  • Jorge García,
  • Alberto M. Pernía and
  • Pedro J. Villegas

Nowadays, the emission of pollutant particles is a global problem in terms of limiting pollution in industries, as well as greenhouse gases emissions. There are different ways to filter undesired particles, such as carbon air filters, chemical washin...

(This article belongs to the Section Power Electronics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
10,863 Views
30 Pages

Context-Aware Recommender Systems in the Music Domain: A Systematic Literature Review

  • Álvaro Lozano Murciego,
  • Diego M. Jiménez-Bravo,
  • Adrián Valera Román,
  • Juan F. De Paz Santana and
  • María N. Moreno-García

The design of recommendation algorithms aware of the user’s context has been the subject of great interest in the scientific community, especially in the music domain where contextual factors have a significant impact on the recommendations. In this...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Context-Aware Computing and Smart Recommender Systems in the IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
143 Citations
10,025 Views
28 Pages

Machine-Learning-Enabled Intrusion Detection System for Cellular Connected UAV Networks

  • Rakesh Shrestha,
  • Atefeh Omidkar,
  • Sajjad Ahmadi Roudi,
  • Robert Abbas and
  • Shiho Kim

The recent development and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is due to its wide variety of applications in public and private sector from parcel delivery to wildlife conservation. The integration of UAVs, 5G, and satellite technologies has...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,549 Views
13 Pages

Physiological measurements have been widely used by researchers and practitioners in order to address the stress detection challenge. So far, various datasets for stress detection have been recorded and are available to the research community for tes...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robots in Assisted Living)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,811 Views
9 Pages

Design criteria of low-cost, dual-concentric metasurface possessing wideband phase gradient (PG) are introduced. The radar cross-section reduction (RCSR) is explained by anomalous reflection that characterizes the superficial planar. The geometry con...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Designs for 5G/IoT and Space Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
8,636 Views
20 Pages

A sleep disorder is a medical condition that affects an individual’s regular sleeping pattern and routine, hence negatively affecting the individual’s health. The traditional procedures of identifying sleep disorders by clinicians involve questionnai...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Solutions for Artificial Intelligence Healthcare Volume II)
  • Review
  • Open Access
96 Citations
9,076 Views
24 Pages

Machine learning (ML) technology has shown its unique advantages in many fields and has excellent performance in many applications, such as image recognition, speech recognition, recommendation systems, and natural language processing. Recently, the...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,944 Views
15 Pages

Dimensioning an FPGA for Real-Time Implementation of State of the Art Neural Network-Based HPA Predistorter

  • Abdelhamid Louliej,
  • Younes Jabrane,
  • Víctor P. Gil Jiménez and
  • Frédéric Guilloud

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the key modulations for current and novel broadband communications standards. For example, Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) is an excellent choice for the ECMA...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Applications of Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,518 Views
12 Pages

TSPEM Parameter Extraction Method and Its Applications in the Modeling of Planar Schottky Diode in THz Band

  • Xiaoyu Liu,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Haoran Wang,
  • Luwei Qi,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Jingtao Zhou,
  • Wuchang Ding,
  • Zhi Jin and
  • Fei Xiao

In this paper, a new method for the parameter extraction of Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is presented to eliminate the influence of parasitic parameters on the intrinsic capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Schottky diodes at high frequen...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
12,934 Views
14 Pages

Object Identification and Localization Using Grad-CAM++ with Mask Regional Convolution Neural Network

  • Xavier Alphonse Inbaraj,
  • Charlyn Villavicencio,
  • Julio Jerison Macrohon,
  • Jyh-Horng Jeng and
  • Jer-Guang Hsieh

One of the fundamental advancements in the deployment of object detectors in real-time applications is to improve object recognition against obstruction, obscurity, and noises in images. In addition, object detection is a challenging task since it ne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning for Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,712 Views
16 Pages

P4-KBR: A Key-Based Routing System for P4-Programmable Networks

  • Pilar Manzanares-Lopez,
  • Juan Pedro Muñoz-Gea and
  • Josemaria Malgosa-Sanahuja

Software-defined networking (SDN) architecture has provided well-known advantages in terms of network programmability, initially offering a standard, open, and vendor-agnostic interface (e.g., OpenFlow) to instruct the forwarding behavior of network...

(This article belongs to the Section Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,860 Views
16 Pages

A Compressed Sensing Recovery Algorithm Based on Support Set Selection

  • Wandi Liang,
  • Zixiong Wang,
  • Guangyu Lu and
  • Yang Jiang

The theory of compressed sensing (CS) has shown tremendous potential in many fields, especially in the signal processing area, due to its utility in recovering unknown signals with far lower sampling rates than the Nyquist frequency. In this paper, w...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,124 Views
16 Pages

A Pipeline-TDC-Based CMOS Temperature Sensor with a 48 fJ·K2 Resolution FoM

  • Zhikuang Cai,
  • Ze Wang,
  • Wenjing Zhang,
  • Xin Wang and
  • Zixuan Wang

An energy-efficient temperature sensor is important for temperature monitoring in Biomedical Internet-of-things (BIoT) applications. This article presents a time-domain temperature sensor with a pipeline time-to-digital converter (TDC). A programmabl...

(This article belongs to the Section Circuit and Signal Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,191 Views
17 Pages

Phaseless Characterization of Compact Antenna Test Range via Improved Alternating Projection Algorithm

  • Yuqing Chen,
  • Yuan Yao,
  • Lei Zhu,
  • Haiyang Yu,
  • Xiaohe Cheng,
  • Junsheng Yu and
  • Xiaodong Chen

A practical compact antenna test range (CATR) requires good quiet zone quality for antenna characterization. This paper addresses the phase profile of the CATR quiet zone from the known intensity pattern of spatial domain and Fourier domain based on...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,054 Views
29 Pages

Three-dimensional (3D) data are easily collected in an unconscious way and are sensitive to lead biological characteristics exposure. Privacy and ownership have become important disputed issues for the 3D data application field. In this paper, we des...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
12,862 Views
14 Pages

This paper presents an empirical analysis of significant features of the e-service satisfaction model (ESM) as an important element of a sharing economy. Customer satisfaction is regarded as one determining factor in the success of businesses. Theref...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Applications of Information Security Technology in Digital Environment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,605 Views
18 Pages

A novel Monte Carlo-based indoor radio-frequency identification (RFID) positioning scheme is proposed for dual-antenna RFID systems with the cooperation of dual-antenna joint rectification. By deploying reference passive RFID tags on the ground to es...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,229 Views
11 Pages

Improving Heterogeneous Network Knowledge Transfer Based on the Principle of Generative Adversarial

  • Feifei Lei,
  • Jieren Cheng,
  • Yue Yang,
  • Xiangyan Tang,
  • Victor S. Sheng and
  • Chunzao Huang

Deep learning requires a large amount of datasets to train deep neural network models for specific tasks, and thus training of a new model is a very costly task. Research on transfer networks used to reduce training costs will be the next turning poi...

(This article belongs to the Collection Deep Learning for Computer Vision: Algorithms, Theory and Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
3,854 Views
17 Pages

A Novel Comprehensive Scheme for Vehicle State Estimation Using Dual Extended H-Infinity Kalman Filter

  • Fengjiao Zhang,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Jingyu Hu,
  • Guodong Yin,
  • Song Chen,
  • Hongdang Zhang and
  • Dong Zhou

The performance of vehicle active safety systems relies on accurate vehicle state information. Estimation of vehicle state based on onboard sensors has been popular in research due to technical and cost constraints. Although many experts and scholars...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,945 Views
32 Pages

Viewing Direction Based LSB Data Hiding in 360° Videos

  • Dang Ninh Tran,
  • Hans-Jürgen Zepernick and
  • Thi My Chinh Chu

In this paper, we propose a viewing direction based least significant bit (LSB) data hiding method for 360° videos. The distributions of viewing direction frequency for latitude and longitude are used to control the amount of secret data to be hidden...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,678 Views
8 Pages

The significant statistical noise and limited spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) data in sinogram space results in the degradation of the quality and accuracy of reconstructed images. Although high-dose radiotracers and long acq...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Medical Imaging Processing)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,100 Views
11 Pages

Time-Variant Front-End Read-Out Electronics for High-Data-Rate Detectors

  • Leila Sharifi,
  • Marcello De Matteis,
  • Hubert Kroha,
  • Robert Richter and
  • Andrea Baschirotto

The foreseen incremental luminosity for near-future high-energy physics experiments demands evolution for the read-out electronics in terms of event data-rate. However, the filtering necessary to reject noise and meet the signal-to-noise-ratio requir...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Electronics: Advances in Circuit and Signal Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,505 Views
16 Pages

Model-Based Estimation of Transmission Gear Ratio for Driving Energy Consumption of an EV

  • Nikolay Hinov,
  • Plamen Punov,
  • Bogdan Gilev and
  • Gergana Vacheva

This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of the transmission configuration on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle. The first part of this study is related to a vehicle simulation model that takes into consideration vehicle resist...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Electronics: Related Researches in Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,221 Views
19 Pages

Chaos Suppressing in a Three-Buses Power System Using an Adaptive Synergetic Control Method

  • Abdul-Basset A. Al-Hussein,
  • Fadhil Rahma Tahir,
  • Adel Ouannas,
  • Tian-Chuan Sun,
  • Hadi Jahanshahi and
  • Ayman A. Aly

The stability of the power system is a critical issue for the reliable and safe operation of the network. Where maintaining voltage levels constant or within the prescribed permissible limit and robustness against disturbances, while the power system...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
7,552 Views
16 Pages

Computer games have been regarded as an important field of artificial intelligence (AI) for a long time. The AlphaZero structure has been successful in the game of Go, beating the top professional human players and becoming the baseline method in com...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
66 Citations
11,195 Views
26 Pages

On the Improvement of the Isolation Forest Algorithm for Outlier Detection with Streaming Data

  • Michael Heigl,
  • Kumar Ashutosh Anand,
  • Andreas Urmann,
  • Dalibor Fiala,
  • Martin Schramm and
  • Robert Hable

In recent years, detecting anomalies in real-world computer networks has become a more and more challenging task due to the steady increase of high-volume, high-speed and high-dimensional streaming data, for which ground truth information is not avai...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,679 Views
18 Pages

A Control-Oriented ANFIS Model of Evaporator in a 1-kWe Organic Rankine Cycle Prototype

  • Hamid Enayatollahi,
  • Paul Sapin,
  • Chinedu K. Unamba,
  • Peter Fussey,
  • Christos N. Markides and
  • Bao Kha Nguyen

This paper presents a control-oriented neuro-fuzzy model of brazed-plate evaporators for use in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engines for waste heat recovery from exhaust-gas streams of diesel engines, amongst other applications. Careful modelling of t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theory and Applications of Fuzzy Systems and Neural Networks)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,070 Views
18 Pages

Design of antenna systems for emerging application areas such as the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth generation wireless communications (5G), or remote sensing, is a challenging endeavor. In addition to meeting stringent performance specifications co...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,597 Views
19 Pages

A satellite can only complete its mission successfully when all its subsystems, including the attitude control subsystem, are in healthy condition and work properly. Control moment gyroscope is a type of actuator used in the attitude control subsyste...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,571 Views
16 Pages

There has been a recent surge in publications related to binarized neural networks (BNNs), which use binary values to represent both the weights and activations in deep neural networks (DNNs). Due to the bitwise nature of BNNs, there have been many e...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS))
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,006 Views
13 Pages

Using KNN Algorithm Predictor for Data Synchronization of Ultra-Tight GNSS/INS Integration

  • Sameir A. Aziez,
  • Nawar Al-Hemeary,
  • Ahmed Hameed Reja,
  • Tamás Zsedrovits and
  • György Cserey

The INS system’s update rate is faster than that of the GNSS receiver. Additionally, GNSS receiver data may suffer from blocking for a few seconds for different reasons, affecting architecture integrations between GNSS and INS. This paper proposes a...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
105 Citations
16,480 Views
17 Pages

Pneumonia Detection from Chest X-ray Images Based on Convolutional Neural Network

  • Dejun Zhang,
  • Fuquan Ren,
  • Yushuang Li,
  • Lei Na and
  • Yue Ma

Pneumonia has caused significant deaths worldwide, and it is a challenging task to detect many lung diseases such as like atelectasis, cardiomegaly, lung cancer, etc., often due to limited professional radiologists in hospital settings. In this paper...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Neural Networks in Biosignal Process)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,245 Views
19 Pages

RISC-V Virtual Platform-Based Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator Implemented in SystemC

  • Seung-Ho Lim,
  • WoonSik William Suh,
  • Jin-Young Kim and
  • Sang-Young Cho

The optimization for hardware processor and system for performing deep learning operations such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in resource limited embedded devices are recent active research area. In order to perform an optimized deep neural...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS))
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,484 Views
20 Pages

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of inte...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Telecommunication Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,737 Views
14 Pages

A 77-GHz High Gain Low Noise Receiver for Automatic Radar Applications

  • Shuai Cheng,
  • Linhong Li,
  • Niansong Mei and
  • Zhaofeng Zhang

In this paper, a high gain 77-GHz receiver with a low noise figure (NF) was designed and implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. With the purpose of making better use of active devices, an extra inductor, Ld, is adopted in the new neutralization techniq...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,949 Views
10 Pages

True random number generators (TRNGs) have been a research hotspot due to secure encryption algorithm requirements. Therefore, such circuits are necessary building blocks in state-of-the-art security controllers. In this paper, a TRNG based on random...

(This article belongs to the Section Circuit and Signal Processing)
  • Review
  • Open Access
72 Citations
11,809 Views
29 Pages

Research Challenges and Opportunities in Drone Forensics Models

  • Arafat Al-Dhaqm,
  • Richard A. Ikuesan,
  • Victor R. Kebande,
  • Shukor Razak and
  • Fahad M. Ghabban

The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (also referred to as drones) has transformed the digital landscape of surveillance and supply chain logistics, especially in terrains where such was previously deemed unattainable. Moreover, the adoption of d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Energy-Efficient and Emergency Communication System Design for Reliable Communication in Disaster Recovery)
  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
9,137 Views
31 Pages

Hybrid Three-Phase Rectifiers with Active Power Factor Correction: A Systematic Review

  • José Teixeira Gonçalves,
  • Stanimir Valtchev,
  • Rui Melicio,
  • Alcides Gonçalves and
  • Frede Blaabjerg

The hybrid three-phase rectifiers (HTR) consist of parallel associations of two rectifiers (rectifier 1 and rectifier 2), each one of them with a distinct operation, while the sum of their input currents forms a sinusoidal or multilevel waveform. In...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery Chargers and Management for Electric Vehicles)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,126 Views
23 Pages

User-Driven Fine-Tuning for Beat Tracking

  • António S. Pinto,
  • Sebastian Böck,
  • Jaime S. Cardoso and
  • Matthew E. P. Davies

The extraction of the beat from musical audio signals represents a foundational task in the field of music information retrieval. While great advances in performance have been achieved due the use of deep neural networks, significant shortcomings sti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Applied to Music/Audio Signal Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,296 Views
19 Pages

Efficient Directional Antenna Design Suitable for Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things

  • Jingcheng Zhao,
  • Xu Chao,
  • Tao Hong,
  • Peng Wang and
  • Shuli Zheng

Today’s power systems are developing from traditional multi-sensor systems to ubiquitous power Internet of Things systems. The environmental backscatter technology makes communication equipment get rid of the dependence on power supply, is more energ...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,230 Views
17 Pages

Noise Efficient Integrated Amplifier Designs for Biomedical Applications

  • Sebastian Simmich,
  • Andreas Bahr and
  • Robert Rieger

The recording of neural signals with small monolithically integrated amplifiers is of high interest in research as well as in commercial applications, where it is common to acquire 100 or more channels in parallel. This paper reviews the recent devel...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analog Microelectronic Circuit Design and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,726 Views
19 Pages

Bridging the Gap between Academia and Industry through Students’ Contributions to the FIWARE European Open-Source Initiative: A Pilot Study

  • Javier Conde,
  • Sonsoles López-Pernas,
  • Alejandro Pozo,
  • Andres Munoz-Arcentales,
  • Gabriel Huecas and
  • Álvaro Alonso

Although many courses in computer science and software engineering require students to work on practical assignments, these are usually toy projects that do not come close to real professional developments. As such, recent graduates often fail to mee...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Open Source Software in Learning Environments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,154 Views
20 Pages

This paper considers multiple target localization using a non-coherent bi-static radar with multiple receivers, where the targets are located behind a wall. This paper presents a new clustering algorithm inspired by Newtonian gravity that iteratively...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,296 Views
14 Pages

BRNN-LSTM for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Communications

  • Adel Aldalbahi,
  • Farzad Shahabi and
  • Mohammed Jasim

The use of beamforming technology in standalone (SA) millimeter wave communications results in directional transmission and reception modes at the mobile station (MS) and base station (BS). This results in initial beam access challenges, since the MS...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,020 Views
5 Pages

In a modern technological society, electronic engineering and design innovations are both academic and practical engineering fields that involve systematic technological materialization through scientific principles and engineering designs [...]

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Electronic Devices on Intelligent System)

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Electronics - ISSN 2079-9292