Special Issue "10th Anniversary of Electronics: Related Researches in Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles"

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2021.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zita Vale
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GECAD-Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development, Polytechnic of Porto (P.PORTO), P-4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: artificial intelligence; demand response; electric vehicles; electricity markets; power and energy systems; renewable and sustainable energy; smart grids
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. John Ball
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, 406 Hardy Road, 216 Simrall Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
Interests: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS); Scene Understanding; Sensor Processing (Radar, LiDAR, Camera, Hyperspectral, Thermal); Machine Learning; Digital Image and Signal Processing
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals
Dr. Mattia Ricco
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are happy to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of MDPI’s Electronics journal by proposing a new Special Issue related to the subject of electrical and autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, electric mobility is rapidly growing, involving different aspects such as battery chargers, electric drives, battery management systems, grid integration, power quality, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services and so on. Moreover, autonomous vehicles are also getting a lot of attention from both academy and industries. Analysis, novel solutions, and more performant controls and algorithms must be investigated to face with the upcoming challenges in the future electric mobility.

This Special Issue encourages further research and development on power electronics for electric vehicles, power and energy management strategies, self-driving cars, charging stations and their integration with both the grid and renewable sources. Scholars, academic scientists, researchers, Ph.D. students, and professional groups are invited to submit original contributions and/or review papers.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Electric vehicle chargers (on-board, off-board, and wireless power transfer)
  • Converters for electric drives and power trains
  • Battery management systems
  • New battery technologies
  • Power supplies for auxiliary systems
  • Power and energy management strategies
  • Self-driving cars/Autonomous driving/vehicles
  • Artificial intelligence applications for vehicles and traffic
  • Electric vehicles and smart cities/smart grids/smart homes
  • Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) 

Prof. Dr. Zita Vale
Dr. John Ball
Dr. Mattia Ricco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • EV chargers
  • power electronics
  • battery management systems
  • drives/vehicles
  • grid integration
  • self-driving cars
  • V2G, V2H, V2X

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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Article
Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Control DC–DC Converter for Light Electric Vehicle Applications
Electronics 2021, 10(14), 1623; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141623 - 07 Jul 2021
Viewed by 434
Abstract
In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the [...] Read more.
In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the high-voltage side and two variable winding sets on the output side to achieve wide output voltage operation for a universal LEV battery charger. The input terminal of the presented converter is a from DC microgrid with voltage levels of 380, 760, or 1500 V for house, industry plant, or DC transportation vehicle demands, respectively. To reduce voltage stresses on active devices, a cascade circuit structure with less voltage rating on power semiconductors is used on the primary side. Two resonant capacitors were selected on the resonant tank, not only to achieve the two input voltage balance problem but also to realize the resonant operation to control load voltage. By using the variable switching frequency approach to regulate load voltage, active switches are turned on with soft switching operation to improve converter efficiency. In order to achieve wide output voltage capability for universal battery charger demands such as scooters, electric motorbikes, Li-ion e-trikes, golf carts, luxury golf cars, and quad applications, two variable winding sets were selected to have a wide voltage output (50~160 V). Finally, experiments with a 1 kW rated prototype were demonstrated to validate the performance and benefits of presented converter. Full article
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Article
Model-Based Estimation of Transmission Gear Ratio for Driving Energy Consumption of an EV
Electronics 2021, 10(13), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131530 - 24 Jun 2021
Viewed by 286
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of the transmission configuration on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle. The first part of this study is related to a vehicle simulation model that takes into consideration vehicle resistances such as aerodynamic, [...] Read more.
This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of the transmission configuration on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle. The first part of this study is related to a vehicle simulation model that takes into consideration vehicle resistances such as aerodynamic, rolling and inertial resistance as well as the traction force. The model was then validated by means of vehicle acceleration time, from 0 to 100 km/h in the case of a single-speed gearbox. Vehicle power demand and electrical energy consumption were then evaluated over three standardized test cycles: WLTC-Class 3, NEDC and FTP-75. For each cycle, two cases were studied: a single-speed and dual-speed gearbox. Very different power demand was observed between the cycles in terms of maximum and average driving power. The most power-demanding cycle was WLTC, while NEDC was less power demanding. However, the specific driving energy per kilometer was very similar for NEDC and FTP-75, as it respectively accounted to 0.118/0.116 kWh/km and 0.117/0.115 kWh/km. WLTC led to a higher specific consumption of 0.127/0.124 kWh/km. A dual-speed gearbox led to better efficiency, within the range of 1.7% to 2.4%. The higher value was obtained for highly dynamic WLTC. Full article
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Article
High-Frequency Core Loss Analysis of High-Speed Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091076 - 02 May 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 382
Abstract
Accurate prediction of core losses plays an important role in the design and analysis of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines, especially during high-speed and high-frequency operation. Firstly, based on the numerical method, a high-frequency core loss prediction method considering a DC-bias magnetization component [...] Read more.
Accurate prediction of core losses plays an important role in the design and analysis of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines, especially during high-speed and high-frequency operation. Firstly, based on the numerical method, a high-frequency core loss prediction method considering a DC-bias magnetization component and local hysteresis loops as well as the harmonic effect is proposed. Secondly, the magnetizing characteristics of the silicon steel sheet and, consequently, the core loss of the electrical steel used as the core lamination are measured. Then, the loss coefficient of each core loss component is obtained by the data fitting tool. Based on the proposed method, the stator and rotor core losses of a three-phase, 12-stator-slot, and 10-rotor-pole (12/10) FSPM machine with different soft iron materials and driving modes are calculated. Finally, the results of the numerical method are verified by conventional finite element analysis. Full article
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Article
Multiple Sensor Fault Detection Algorithm for Fault Tolerant Control of BLDC Motor
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091038 - 27 Apr 2021
Viewed by 434
Abstract
A direct redundancy-based fault tolerant control system (FTCS) is proposed for the operation of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor in the case of multiple sensor failures. The presented method expands on the previously published work that dealt with the failure of a single [...] Read more.
A direct redundancy-based fault tolerant control system (FTCS) is proposed for the operation of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor in the case of multiple sensor failures. The presented method expands on the previously published work that dealt with the failure of a single Hall-effect sensor. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed along with the new experimental scheme and the FTCS can deal with the failure of up to two Hall-effect sensors. The fault tolerant control (FTC) algorithm is based on three conditions and is designed to deal with any scenario of the sensor faults. Simulation was performed and presented experimental results show effectiveness and validation of the method. The method can be implemented with ease, is fast and does not require high end processors. Full article
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Review

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Review
Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques
Electronics 2021, 10(16), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161910 - 09 Aug 2021
Viewed by 306
Abstract
This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), [...] Read more.
This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research. Full article
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Review
Review of Autonomous Intelligent Vehicles for Urban Driving and Parking
Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091021 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 512
Abstract
With the concept of Internet-of-Things, autonomous vehicles can provide higher driving efficiency, traffic safety, and freedom for the driver to perform other tasks. This paper first covers enabling technology involving a vehicle moving out of parking, traveling on the road, and parking at [...] Read more.
With the concept of Internet-of-Things, autonomous vehicles can provide higher driving efficiency, traffic safety, and freedom for the driver to perform other tasks. This paper first covers enabling technology involving a vehicle moving out of parking, traveling on the road, and parking at the destination. The development of autonomous vehicles relies on the data collected for deployment in actual road conditions. Research gaps and recommendations for autonomous intelligent vehicles are included. For example, a sudden obstacle while the autonomous vehicle executes the parking trajectory on the road is discussed. Several aspects of social problems, such as the liability of an accident affecting the autonomous vehicle, are described. A smart device to detect abnormal driving behaviors to prevent possible accidents is briefly discussed. Full article
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