This paper presents the design of an innovative scalable wind turbine emulator. The system’s hardware and software components are described in detail including test results, demonstrating the research potential of the proposed design. The uniqu...
In order to investigate the grid integration of wind turbines (WT) of various scales and designs, a wind turbine emulator (WTE) is being built in Flensburg within the state-funded project GrinSH. The special feature of this WTE is the use of a large...
This paper proposes a new on-site technique for the experimental characterization of small wind systems by emulating the behavior of a wind tunnel facility. Due to the high cost and complexity of these facilities, many manufacturers of small wind sys...
In this article, the parameters of the proportional-integral (PI) controller of the wind turbine (WT) emulator, i.e., proportional and integral gain of the PI controller, are optimized using a black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA). The proposed s...
An appropriate modulation scheme selection ensures inverter performance. Thus, space vector modulation (SVM) is more efficient and has its own distinct advantages compared to other pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. This work deals with the dev...
This study presents the development and experimental validation of a novel wind turbine emulator (WTE) based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The proposed architecture employs an induction motor (IM) driven by a variable frequency drive (V...
Renewable energy sources have become a significant alternative energy source due to the continuing depletion of conventional energy sources and fluctuation in fuel costs. Currently, wind energy is the foremost among all other renewable energy sources...
Wind energy is one of the most promising forms of renewable energy. For the constant evolution of power generation technology, the use of sensors is fundamental to the development of wind turbine emulators. A wind turbine emulator allows tests and ev...
The wind power systems of variable velocity using a doubly-fed induction generator dominate large-scale electrical generation within renewable energy sources. The usual control goal of the wind systems consists of maximizing the wind energy capture a...
Pitch control is a relevant issue in wind turbines to properly operate the angle of the blades. Therefore, this control system pitches the blades usually a few degrees every time the wind changes in order to keep the rotor blades at the required angl...
This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of an experimental platform that emulates the static and dynamic behavior of a 3 kW Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The platform includes a wind turbine emulator (WTE) using a separately...
The stability and security of small and isolated power systems can be compromised when large amounts of wind power enter them. Wind power integration depends on such factors as power generation capacity, conventional generation technology or grid top...
Recently developed nacelle test benches for wind turbines, equipped with multi-physics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems, enable advanced testing and even certification of next-generation wind turbines according to IEC61400-21. On the basis of three...
In recent years, nacelle test benches for wind turbines have been developed internationally. New standards are currently being developed that explicitly refer to the measurement of the electrical properties of wind turbines on these test benches. Thu...
The inclusion of wind energy in a power system network is currently seeing a significant increase. However, this inclusion has resulted in degradation of the inertia response, which in turn seriously affects the stability of the power system’s freque...
The increasing deployment of power converters has led to a significant reduction in the power system inertia and consequently resulted in frequency stability issues. To improve the robustness of the grid against frequency disturbances, it is becoming...
Currently, some small islands with high wind potential are trying to reduce the environmental and economic impact of fossil fuels by using renewable resources. Nevertheless, the characteristics of these renewable resources negatively affect the quali...
To modernize electrical power systems on isolated islands, countries around the world have increased their interest in combining green energy with conventional power plants. Wind energy (WE) is the most adopted renewable energy source due to its tech...
This paper presents a hybrid renewable energy system (RES) including wind and photovoltaic (PV) power sources. The wind energy subsystem (WES) consists of a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) driven by a variable-speed wind turbine (WT) and cor...
This article studies the stator windings asymmetry fault in direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)-based wind turbines (WTs), having passive converters at the generator side, through developing a power-hardware-in-the-loop (P-H-i-L...
A task for new power generation technologies, interfaced to the electrical grid by power electronic converters, is to stiffen the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) at the initial few milliseconds (ms) after any variation of active power balance. Th...
With high levels of wind energy penetration, the frequency response of isolated power systems is more likely to be affected in the event of a sudden frequency disturbance or fluctuating wind conditions. In order to minimize excessive frequency deviat...
Airborne wind energy systems (AWES) are more efficient than traditional wind turbines because they can capture higher wind speeds at higher altitudes using connected kite generators. Securing a real wind turbine or a site with favorable wind conditio...
The participation of wind power in the energy mix of current power systems is progressively increasing, with variable-speed wind turbines being the leading technology in recent years. In this line, dynamic models of wind turbines able to emulate thei...
This paper presents the modeling, rapid control prototyping, and hardware-in-the-loop testing for real-time simulation and control of a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in a laboratory-size wind turbine emulator for wind energy co...
Monitoring the variation of the loading blades is fundamental due to its importance in the behavior of the wind turbine system. Blade performance can be affected by different loads that alter energy conversion efficiency and cause potential safety ha...
Detecting and determining which systems or subsystems of a wind turbine have more failures is essential to improve their design, which will reduce the costs of generating wind power. Two of the most critical failures, the generator and gearbox, are a...
To address the scientific gap concerning optimal urban wind turbine morphology, this work presents an experimental performance comparison between two small-scale wind turbine designs: a conventional three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) and...
The future of wind power systems deployment is in the form of wind farms comprised of scores of such large turbines, most likely at offshore locations. Individual turbines have grown in span from a few tens of meters to today’s large turbines w...
This study focuses on implementing a wind turbine emulator based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine with excitation auxiliary windings and thoroughly investigates the space harmonics created by this innovative topology in MATLAB/Simulink. A Hy...
This paper presents a small-signal analysis of different grid side controllers for full power converter wind turbines with inertia response capability. In real wind turbines, the DC link controller, the drivetrain damping controller and the inertial...
This paper presents a study investigating the effects of surface roughness on airfoil performance and its consequences for wind turbine energy yield. This study examined 51 sets of experimental data across 16 airfoils to identify trends in roughened...
This paper presents a new frequency controller for variable speed wind turbines connected to the grid under power imbalance conditions. It is based on the fast power reserve emulation technique, having two different operation modes: overproduction an...
Maintaining the stability of a conventional power system during under frequency events is partially dominated by a natural behavior called inertial response. Although a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) is fundamentally deprived from such behavior,...
A maximum power point tracking control strategy for an affine nonlinear constant displacement pump-variable hydraulic motor actuation system with parameter uncertainty, used within an offshore hydraulic wind turbine, is studied in this paper. First,...
Decades of wind turbine research, development and installation have demonstrated reductions in levelized cost of energy (LCOE) resulting from turbines with larger rotor diameters and increased hub heights. Further reductions in LCOE by up-scaling tur...
Small-scale wind turbines play an important role in distributed generation since customers can use their houses, farms, and business to produce electric energy. The development of the power electronics system that processes the electric energy from s...
Mathematical models and algorithms for maximizing power extraction have become an essential topic in renewable energies in the last years, especially in wind energy conversion systems. This study proposes maximum power point tracking using gain sched...
As wind energy is paving the way for the energy transition from fossil to renewable energy sources, the ongoing trend of increasing the rated power of wind turbines aims to reduce the overall cost of wind energy. The resulting increase in drivetrain...
This study develops a robust DC-link voltage tracking controller with variable control gain for permanent magnet synchronous generators. The first feature is to suggest an auto-tuning algorithm to drive the control gain to update the closed-loop cut-...
This work evaluates the experimental test results regarding the operational performance of a free-float capable tension leg platform with a 10 MW wind turbine. It covers the platform dynamics in the selected installation area: Ribadeo, Spain. The mod...
There is an urgent need to develop accurate predictions of power production, wake losses and array–array interactions from multi-GW offshore wind farms in order to enable developments that maximize power benefits, minimize levelized cost of ene...
The robust stabilization of doubly fed induction generators in wind turbines against external disturbances is considered in this study. It is assumed that the angular speeds of wind turbines can only be measured and sent to the controller in a discre...
As the finite nature of non-renewable energy resources is realised and climate change concerns become more prevalent, the need to shift to more sustainable forms of energy such as the adoption of renewable energy has seen an increase. More specifical...
High penetration of wind power plants may have an adverse impact on power systems’ stability by reducing the inertia, and problems like frequency stability could appear due to total inertia in the system being reduced, making the power system m...
This paper presents a data-driven virtual inertia control method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine to provide inertia support in the presence of frequency events. The Markov parameters of the system are first obtained by mo...
This article focuses on a Hardware-In-the-Loop application developed from the advanced energy field project LIFES50+. The aim is to replicate, inside a wind gallery test facility, the combined effect of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads on a floatin...
This paper describes the evaluation of a single output, online, and time domain modal parameters identification technique based on differential algebra and operational calculus. In addition, an analysis of the frequency response function (FRF) of the...
Grid-forming wind turbines (GFM-WTs) based on virtual synchronous control can support the voltage and frequency of power system by emulating the synchronous generator. The dynamic characteristics of a GFM-WT decided by virtual synchronous control, dq...
The present work highlights some of the dynamic couplings observed in a series of tests performed in a wave basin with a scaled-model of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) with semi-submersible substructure. The model was moored by means of a co...
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