Large-aperture optical synthetic aperture technology, by combining multiple aperture units, breaks through the limitations of a single reflector and has become the preferred system for extending the resolution and diffraction limit of imaging systems...
We investigate the behavior of the solutions of the ray equation in isotropic media. We discuss local and global transversals and wavefronts and give examples of rays without wavefronts.
In the context of two- and three-dimensional wave propagation, the word ‘wavefront’ is used to describe a surface that is expanding in time, and in the corresponding two-dimensional case, it describes a line that is also expanding in time...
Adaptive optics (AO) aims to counteract wavefront distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence and inherent system errors. Aberration recovery accuracy and computational speed play crucial roles in its correction capability. To address the issues of...
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor plays a key role in adaptive optics (AO) systems, which detect the aberrant wavefront by an array of micro-lenslets across the aperture pupil. However, some sub-apertures would be a lack of light induced by the imperfe...
Virtual Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing (vSHWS) can flexibly adjust parameters to meet different requirements without changing the system, and it is a promising means for aberration measurement. However, how to optimize its parameters to achieve the...
In this study, a 50 × 50 mm holographic optical element (HOE) with the property of a spherical mirror was recorded digitally on a silver halide photoplate using a wavefront printing method. It consisted of 51 × 96 hologram spots with each...
In this paper, a turbulent wavefront measurement model based on the Hartmann system structure is proposed. The maximum recognizable mode number of different lens units is discussed, and the influence of different lens array arrangements on the accura...
Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for the conventional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to achieve high-precision wavefront reconstruction with low spatial sampling, a kind of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing technology based on f...
Wavefront analysis is a fast and reliable technique for the alignment and characterization of optics in the visible, but also in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray regions. However, the technique poses a number of challenges when used for optica...
We present a reference-free computational wavefront sensor based on binary amplitude modulation and phase retrieval. The method employs a Digital Micromirror Device as a programmable amplitude modulator and reconstructs the complex optical field from...
Recently the transport-of-intensity equation as a phase imaging method turned out as an effective microscopy method that does not require the use of high-resolution optical systems and a priori information about the object. In this paper we propose a...
Conventional wavefront sensors face challenges when detecting frequency-domain information. In this study, we developed a high-precision, and fast multi-spectral wavefront detection technique based on neural networks. Using an etalon and a diffractiv...
In this work, an adaptive Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor (AHSS) is proposed, designed, and evaluated. This sensor allows for the modification in the dynamic range of wavefront aberration measurement, defined as the range between the minimum an...
Wavefront distortion occurs when vortex beams are transmitted in the atmosphere. The turbulence effect greatly affects the transmission of information, so it is necessary to use adaptive optical correction technology to correct the wavefront distorti...
Wavefront sensing is an essential technique in optical imaging, adaptive optics, and atmospheric turbulence correction. Traditional wavefront reconstruction methods, including the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm and phase diversity (PD) techniq...
Light beams carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), also known as optical vortices (OV), have led to fascinating new developments in fields ranging from quantum communication to novel light–matter interaction aspects. Even though several techn...
At present, most wavefront sensing methods analyze the wavefront aberration from light intensity images taken in dark environments. However, in general conditions, these methods are limited due to the interference of various external light sources. I...
In free-space optical communication, the transmission of signal light and beacon light of differing wavelengths through the same atmospheric channel encounters variations in how the atmospheric refractive index absorbs and scatters light. This leads...
Optical systems suffer from wavefront aberrations due to complex atmospheric environments and system component errors, leading to systematic aberrations and significantly degrading optical field quality. Therefore, the detection and correction of opt...
The focusing quality of high peak power lasers plays a crucial role in laser wakefield electron acceleration investigations. We report here an improvement in the focusing quality of the SULF-1PW laser beamline, planning to drive and generate 5~10 GeV...
Laser sensing has been applied in various underwater applications, ranging from underwater detection to laser underwater communications. However, there are several great challenges when profiling underwater turbulence effects. Underwater detection is...
To better meet the wavefront measurement requirements for large-aperture segmented mirrors after in-orbit deployment, this paper designs a measurement system based on an optical camera and targets. This system utilizes photogrammetry principles to me...
The Photonic Lantern (PL) is a novel fiber optic device emerging in wavefront sensing, which converts multimode fiber light fields into single-mode fields. By decomposing complex multimode fields into simple fundamental modes, the PL maps wavefront a...
In order to determine light aberrations, Shack-Hartmann optical wavefront sensors make use of microlens arrays (MLA) to divide the incident light into small parts and focus them onto image planes. In this paper, we present the design and fabrication...
Non-uniform intensity distribution of laser near-field beam results in the irregular shape of the spot in the wavefront sensor. The intensity of some sub-aperture spots may be too weak to be detected, and the accuracy of wavefront restoration is seri...
An influence function filtering method (IFFM) is presented to improve the wavefront correction capability in laser systems by curbing the correction performance degradation resulted from the IF measurement noise. The IFFM is applied to the original m...
To overcome the limitations of phase sampling points in testing aspherical surface wavefronts using traditional interferometers, we propose a high-spatial-resolution method based on multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry. In thi...
We implemented the common-path achromatic interfero-coronagraph both for the wavefront sensing and the on-axis image component suppression, aiming for the stellar coronagraphy. A common-path achromatic interfero-coronagraph has its optical scheme bas...
Phase retrieval wavefront sensing methods are now of importance for imaging quality maintenance of space telescopes. However, their accuracy is susceptible to line-of-sight jitter due to the micro-vibration of the platform, which changes the intensit...
A novel anti-cat-eye effect imaging technique based on wavefront coding is proposed as a solution to the problem of previous anti-cat-eye effect imaging techniques where imaging quality was sacrificed to reduce the retroreflection from the photoelect...
To achieve real-time deep learning wavefront sensing (DLWFS) of dynamic random wavefront distortions induced by atmospheric turbulence, this study proposes an enhanced wavefront sensing neural network (WFSNet) based on convolutional neural networks (...
Wavefront shaping through a multi-core fiber (MCF) is turning into an attractive method for endoscopic imaging and optical cell-manipulation on a chip. However, the discrete distribution and the low number of cores induce pixelated phase modulation,...
In order to improve the wavefront reconstruction accuracy of a large-aperture laser, this paper proposed an adaptive window preprocessing algorithm based on the threshold center of gravity method (AW-TCoG). The effects of median filtering and mean fi...
Nowadays, wavefront sensors are widely used to control the shape of the wavefront and detect aberrations of the complex field amplitude in various fields of physics. However, almost all of the existing wavefront sensors work only with quasi-monochrom...
In this study the methods of three-dimensional (3D) wavefront intensity modulation by employing contrast-inverted holography, previously introduced as Gabor inverted holography, are further investigated. The present study provides the recipes for cre...
In order to solve the problem of atmospheric influence on the far-field measurement of the quality of a laser beam, we proposed a direct wavefront measurement system based on the Hartmann detection principle, which can measure large apertures and hig...
Wavefront sensors and processors are vital components of adaptive optical (AO) systems, directly impacting the operating bandwidth. As application scenarios become increasingly complex, AO systems are confronted with more extreme atmospheric turbulen...
In wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (WFS-less AO) systems, stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) is the primary optimization method for correcting wavefront distortions. However, as the intensity of atmospheric turbulence interference incre...
This work presents a numerical simulation of a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (WFS) that assesses the impact of integrated electronic circuitry on the sensor performance, by evaluating a full detection chain encompassing wavefront sampling, photodet...
We propose a new type of a wavefront aberration sensor, that is, a Zernike matched multichannel diffractive optical filter, which performs consistent filtering of phase distributions corresponding to Zernike polynomials. The sensitivity of the new se...
Lenses play an important role in imaging systems. Having an effective way to test the aberrations of imaging lenses is important. However, the existing methods cannot satisfy the requirements in some conditions. To overcome these difficulties, wavefr...
Background/Objectives: Ocular wavefront aberrations are clinically relevant for optimizing vision correction and predicting surgical outcomes. This study aimed to establish normative reference ranges for a Korean population by quantifying wavefront a...
Adaptive optics (AO) is employed for the continuous measurement and correction of ocular aberrations. Human eye refractive errors (lower-order aberrations such as myopia and astigmatism) are corrected with contact lenses and excimer laser surgery. Un...
Since its introduction to the field in mid-1990s, photoacoustic imaging has become a fast-developing biomedical imaging modality with many promising potentials. By converting absorbed diffused light energy into not-so-diffused ultrasonic waves, the r...
Angle sensors are widely used for wavefront measurements, which is attributed to their integration and robustness. Currently, commercial sensors are available with pixel sizes in the order of wavelengths. However, the spatial resolution of angle sens...
To address the limitations of conventional wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (AO) systems regarding iteration efficiency and convergence speed, this study conducts an experimental validation of a model-based wavefront sensorless AO approach. A phy...
In the past decades, metasurfaces have shown their extraordinary abilities on manipulating the wavefront of electromagnetic wave. Based on the ability, various kinds of metasurfaces are designed to realize new functional metadevices based on wavefron...
A novel lensless imaging approach based on ptychography and wavefront separation is proposed in this paper, which was characterized by rapid convergence and high-quality imaging. In this method, an amplitude modulator was inserted between the light s...
Adaptive Optics (AO) technology is an effective means to compensate for wavefront distortion, but its inherent delay error will cause the compensation wavefront on the deformable mirror (DM) to lag behind the changes in the distorted wavefront. Espec...
of 18