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115 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,056 Views
16 Pages

28 September 2020

Motion-based visual evoked potentials (mVEP) is a new emerging trend in the field of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In this paper, we introduce different movement-based stimulus patterns (st...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Collection on Neural Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,926 Views
18 Pages

The Role of Visual Noise in Influencing Mental Load and Fatigue in a Steady-State Motion Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface

  • Jun Xie,
  • Guanghua Xu,
  • Ailing Luo,
  • Min Li and ,
  • Sicong Zhang,
  • Chengcheng Han and
  • Wenqiang Yan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

14 August 2017

As a spatial selective attention-based brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) BCI has the advantages of high information transfer rate, high tolerance to artifacts, and robust performance across users. H...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Sensors and Systems 2017)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,999 Views
12 Pages

6 August 2021

The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), which is a kind of event-related potential in electroencephalograms (EEGs), has been applied to brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). SSVEP-based BCIs currently perform the best in terms of information tr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Signal Acquisition and Processing Using Sensors)
  • Review
  • Open Access
99 Citations
9,570 Views
25 Pages

The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), measured by the electroencephalograph (EEG), has high rates of information transfer and signal-to-noise ratio, and has been used to construct brain–computer interface (BCI) spellers. In BCI spellers,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
9,683 Views
16 Pages

13 February 2022

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems suffer from low SSVEP response intensity and visual fatigue, resulting in lower accuracy when operating the system for continuous commands, such as an electric...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Brain-Computer Interface)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,387 Views
22 Pages

25 July 2025

In this study, we conducted two steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) studies to develop a practical brain–computer interface (BCI) system for communication and control applications. The first study introduces a novel visual stimulus par...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combining Brain-Computer Interfaces and Assistive Biosensing Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
9,754 Views
17 Pages

An Open Dataset for Wearable SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces

  • Fangkun Zhu,
  • Lu Jiang,
  • Guoya Dong,
  • Xiaorong Gao and
  • Yijun Wang

10 February 2021

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide humans a new communication channel by encoding and decoding brain activities. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI stands out among many BCI paradigms because of its non-invasiveness, little...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) and Application in Healthy and Daily Life Activities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
5,933 Views
18 Pages

Exploration of User’s Mental State Changes during Performing Brain–Computer Interface

  • Li-Wei Ko,
  • Rupesh Kumar Chikara,
  • Yi-Chieh Lee and
  • Wen-Chieh Lin

3 June 2020

Substantial developments have been established in the past few years for enhancing the performance of brain–computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). The past SSVEP-BCI studies utilized different target fre...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Signal Processing for Disease Diagnosis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
767 Views
11 Pages
J. Eye Mov. Res.2016, 9(6), 1-11;https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.6.3 
(registering DOI)

15 September 2016

Achieving attention tracking as easily as recording eye movements is still beyond reach. However, by exploiting Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) we could recently record in a satisfactory way the horizontal trajectory of covert visuospa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,926 Views
11 Pages

As a widely used brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigm, steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCIs have the advantages of high information transfer rates, high tolerance for artifacts, and robust performance across diverse user...

(This article belongs to the Topic Applied System on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,444 Views
16 Pages

12 February 2021

Among various methods for frequency recognition of the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) study, a task-related component analysis (TRCA), which extracts discriminative spatial filters for classifying el...

(This article belongs to the Collection EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interface for a Real-Life Appliance)
  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
9,881 Views
28 Pages

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been well researched due to their easy system configuration, little or no user training and high information transfer rates. To elicit an SSVEP, a r...

(This article belongs to the Topic Interactive Artificial Intelligence and Man-Machine Communication)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,166 Views
10 Pages

Multi-Task Learning-Based Deep Neural Network for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces

  • Chia-Chun Chuang,
  • Chien-Ching Lee,
  • Edmund-Cheung So,
  • Chia-Hong Yeng and
  • Yeou-Jiunn Chen

29 October 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes people to have difficulty communicating with others or devices. In this paper, multi-task learning with denoising and classification tasks is used to develop a robust steady-state visual evoked potential-bas...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Materials and Sensors Innovation and Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
639 Views
19 Pages

Adoption of Deep Learning Methods for SSVEP Classification in XR-Based Wearable Brain–Computer Interfaces

  • Leopoldo Angrisani,
  • Egidio De Benedetto,
  • Andrea De Maria,
  • Luigi Duraccio and
  • Annarita Tedesco

12 August 2026

This paper addresses steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) classification in wearable extended-reality (XR) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), with a threefold objective. First, it investigates the effectiveness of deep learning (DL)-ba...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimodal Sensing and Adaptive Intelligence for Reliable Assistive Brain–Computer Interfaces)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,973 Views
16 Pages

11 July 2023

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems have been extensively researched over the past two decades, and multiple sets of standard datasets have been published and widely used. However, there are...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,295 Views
13 Pages

In this paper we compared different visual feedback methods, informing users about classification progress in a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) speller application. According to results from our...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,016 Views
14 Pages

A Convolutional Neural Network for SSVEP Identification by Using a Few-Channel EEG

  • Xiaodong Li,
  • Shuoheng Yang,
  • Ningbo Fei,
  • Junlin Wang and ,
  • Wei Huang and
  • Yong Hu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The application of wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) devices is growing in brain–computer interfaces (BCI) owing to their good wearability and portability. Compared with conventional devices, wearable devices typically support fewer EEG chann...

(This article belongs to the Section Biosignal Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,784 Views
16 Pages

6 April 2022

As an informative electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) stands out from many paradigms for application in wireless wearable devices. However, its data are usually enormous, occupy too many bandwidth sources a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Signal Processing and Data Analytics in Healthcare Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,699 Views
20 Pages

An Electric Wheelchair Manipulating System Using SSVEP-Based BCI System

  • Wen Chen,
  • Shih-Kang Chen,
  • Yi-Hung Liu,
  • Yu-Jen Chen and
  • Chin-Sheng Chen

20 September 2022

Most people with motor disabilities use a joystick to control an electric wheelchair. However, those who suffer from multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may require other methods to control an electric wheelchair. This study implement...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Signal Processing in Healthcare and Disease Diagnosis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,972 Views
13 Pages

15 January 2024

Controlling the in-car environment, including temperature and ventilation, is necessary for a comfortable driving experience. However, it often distracts the driver’s attention, potentially causing critical car accidents. In the present study,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Principles, Methods and Applications of Brain-Computer Interaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,167 Views
17 Pages

Optimizing SSVEP-Based BCI System towards Practical High-Speed Spelling

  • Jiabei Tang,
  • Minpeng Xu,
  • Jin Han,
  • Miao Liu and ,
  • Tingfei Dai,
  • Shanguang Chen and
  • Dong Ming
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 July 2020

The brain–computer interface (BCI) spellers based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have recently been widely investigated for their high information transfer rates (ITRs). This paper aims to improve the practicability of the SS...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue EEG Signature Decoding towards Brain-Computer Interface Practice in Real World)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,691 Views
12 Pages

2 October 2022

A brain–computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has achieved remarkable performance in the field of automatic driving. Prolonged SSVEP stimuli can cause driver fatigue and reduce the efficiency of interact...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Motion Planning and Control of Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,052 Views
21 Pages

Improving Individual-Specific SSVEP-BCI with Adaptive Channel and Subspace Selection in TRCA

  • Hui Li,
  • Guanghua Xu,
  • Shanzheng Feng,
  • Chenghang Du and ,
  • Chengcheng Han,
  • Jiachen Kuang and
  • Sicong Zhang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

9 February 2026

The individual-specific steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) is characterized by individual calibration data, resulting in satisfactory performance. However, existing individual-specific SSVEP-BCIs e...

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,942 Views
18 Pages

20 February 2025

Maintaining optimal levels of engagement during rehabilitation training is crucial for inducing neuroplasticity in the motor cortex, which directly influences positive rehabilitation outcomes. In this research article, we propose a virtual reality (V...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue EEG Analysis and Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,542 Views
21 Pages

11 November 2025

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) offer a robust basis for brain–computer interface (BCI) systems due to their high signal-to-noise ratio, minimal user training requirements, and suitability for real-time decoding. In this work, we...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Signal and Image Processing for Multimedia Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,976 Views
16 Pages

28 July 2022

Background: The brain–computer interface (BCI) is a highly cross-discipline technology and its successful application in various domains has received increasing attention. However, the BCI-enabled automobile industry is has been comparatively l...

(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,834 Views
11 Pages

Design of Wearable Headset with Steady State Visually Evoked Potential-Based Brain Computer Interface

  • Bor-Shyh Lin,
  • Bor-Shing Lin,
  • Tzu-Hsiang Yen,
  • Chien-Chin Hsu and
  • Yao-Chin Wang

10 October 2019

Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system that allows people to communicate directly with external machines via recognizing brain activities without manual operation. However, for most current BCI systems, conventional electroencephalography (EEG) m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2019 International Conference on Smart Sensors (ICSS))
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
935 Views
15 Pages

Online Compensation of Systematic Effects in Stimuli Generation for XR-Based SSVEP BCIs

  • Leopoldo Angrisani,
  • Egidio De Benedetto,
  • Matteo D’Iorio,
  • Luigi Duraccio and ,
  • Fabrizio Lo Regio and
  • Annarita Tedesco
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 January 2026

Background: Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) and Extended Reality (XR) offer promising solutions for highly wearable applications, but their classification performance can be affected by...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combining Brain-Computer Interfaces and Assistive Biosensing Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,139 Views
12 Pages

3 December 2021

The brain–computer interface (BCI) is a mechanism for extracting information from the brain, with this information used for various applications. This study proposes a method to control an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying through a BCI syst...

(This article belongs to the Section Bioelectronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,065 Views
13 Pages

Improvement of the Classification Accuracy of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces by Combining L1-MCCA with SVM

  • Yuhang Gao,
  • Juanning Si,
  • Sijin Wu,
  • Weixian Li and ,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Jianhu Chen,
  • Qing He and
  • Yujin Zhang
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

3 December 2021

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been used for the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for a long time. However, the reference signal of CCA is relatively simple and lacks subject-specific informa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,596 Views
15 Pages

24 September 2020

The goal of this study was to develop and validate a hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) system for home automation control. Over the past decade, BCIs represent a promising possibility in the field of medical (e.g., neuronal rehabilitation), educa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Using Non-invasive Physiological Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
139 Views
35 Pages

26 October 2026

This article presents a framework for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on the motor imagery (MI) and steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigms, with a focus on rehabilitation and robotics applications. The development of th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sensors in Brain–Computer Interfaces)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,484 Views
20 Pages

Real-Time Mobile Robot Obstacles Detection and Avoidance Through EEG Signals

  • Karameldeen Omer,
  • Francesco Ferracuti,
  • Alessandro Freddi,
  • Sabrina Iarlori and ,
  • Francesco Vella and
  • Andrea Monteriù
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Background/Objectives: The study explores the integration of human feedback into the control loop of mobile robots for real-time obstacle detection and avoidance using EEG brain–computer interface (BCI) methods. The goal is to assess the possib...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensory and Motor Neuroscience)
  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,279 Views
7 Pages

2 March 2022

A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a promising technology that can analyze brain signals and control a robot or computer according to a user’s intention. This paper introduces our studies to overcome the challenges of using BCIs in daily...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Intelligent Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,826 Views
23 Pages

Cross-Platform Implementation of an SSVEP-Based BCI for the Control of a 6-DOF Robotic Arm

  • Eduardo Quiles,
  • Javier Dadone,
  • Nayibe Chio and
  • Emilio García

2 July 2022

Robotics has been successfully applied in the design of collaborative robots for assistance to people with motor disabilities. However, man-machine interaction is difficult for those who suffer severe motor disabilities. The aim of this study was to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-Life Wearable EEG-Based BCI: Open Challenges)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,069 Views
17 Pages

30 October 2021

Research focused on signals derived from the human organism is becoming increasingly popular. In this field, a special role is played by brain-computer interfaces based on brainwaves. They are becoming increasingly popular due to the downsizing of EE...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Applications in Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,994 Views
21 Pages

29 November 2019

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) measure brain activity and translate it to control computer programs or external devices. However, the activity generated by the BCI makes measurements for objective fatigue evaluation very difficult, and the si...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Computer Interfaces and Emotional Involvement: Theory, Research, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
10,773 Views
17 Pages

A Novel Hybrid Mental Spelling Application Based on Eye Tracking and SSVEP-Based BCI

  • Piotr Stawicki,
  • Felix Gembler,
  • Aya Rezeika and
  • Ivan Volosyak

Steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs)-based Brain-Computer interfaces (BCIs), as well as eyetracking devices, provide a pathway for re-establishing communication for people with severe disabilities. We fused these control techniques into a n...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,254 Views
22 Pages

9 January 2024

Brain responses to discrete stimuli are modulated when multiple stimuli are presented in sequence. These alterations are especially pronounced when the time course of an evoked response overlaps with responses to subsequent stimuli, such as in a rapi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Signal Processing and Analytics of EEG Signals)
  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,313 Views
18 Pages

27 August 2024

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is one of the most common disorders related to visual impairment. Individuals with this condition are unable to differentiate between colors due to the absence or impairment of one or more color photoreceptors in their r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,077 Views
9 Pages

Accurate Decoding of Short, Phase-Encoded SSVEPs

  • Ahmed Youssef Ali Amer,
  • Benjamin Wittevrongel and
  • Marc M. Van Hulle

6 March 2018

Four novel EEG signal features for discriminating phase-coded steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are presented, and their performance in view of target selection in an SSVEP-based brain–computer interfacing (BCI) is assessed. The novel fe...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,457 Views
15 Pages

A High-Resolution LED Stimulator for Steady-State Visual Stimulation: Customizable, Affordable, and Open Source

  • Mónica Otero,
  • Yunier Prieur-Coloma,
  • Wael El-Deredy and
  • Alejandro Weinstein

21 January 2024

Visually evoked steady-state potentials (SSVEPs) are neural responses elicited by visual stimuli oscillating at specific frequencies. In this study, we introduce a novel LED stimulator system explicitly designed for steady-state visual stimulation, o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing and Measurement Technologies in Healthcare, Medicine, and Biosciences)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1,551 Views
7 Pages

Performance of a Single-Flicker SSVEP BCI Using Single Channels

  • Gerardo Luis Padilla and
  • Fernando Daniel Farfán

This study investigated performance characteristics and channel selection strategies for single-flicker steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) using minimal recording channels. SSVEP clustering patterns fr...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,302 Views
16 Pages

7 September 2020

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a periodic response to a repetitive visual stimulus at a specific frequency. Currently, SSVEP is widely treated as an attention tag in cognitive activities and is used as an input signal for brain&ndash...

(This article belongs to the Section Neural Engineering, Neuroergonomics and Neurorobotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,599 Views
15 Pages

3 April 2025

Visuo-spatial attention acts as a filter for the flood of visual information. Until recently, experimental research in this area focused on neural dynamics of shifting attention in 2D space, leaving attentional shifts in depth less explored. In this...

(This article belongs to the Section Visual Neuroscience)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
7,096 Views
12 Pages

17 February 2018

This work presents a study of chromatic and luminance stimuli in low-, medium-, and high-frequency stimulation to evoke steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in the behind-the-ears area. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. The...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assistance Robotics and Biosensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,211 Views
26 Pages

Automating Stimulation Frequency Selection for SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces

  • Alexey Kozin,
  • Anton Gerasimov,
  • Maxim Bakaev,
  • Anton Pashkov and
  • Olga Razumnikova

29 October 2023

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are inexpensive and do not require user training. However, the highly personalized reaction to visual stimulation is an obstacle to the wider application...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence for Medical Imaging)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
6,999 Views
35 Pages

30 December 2024

In this paper, a bibliometric review is conducted on brain–computer interfaces (BCI) in non-invasive paradigms like motor imagery (MI) and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEP) for applications in rehabilitation and robotics. An explo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sensors for Neurorehabilitation: Empowering Precision and Personalized Therapy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,880 Views
14 Pages

Optimization of SSVEP-BCI Virtual Reality Stereo Stimulation Parameters Based on Knowledge Graph

  • Shixuan Zhu,
  • Jingcheng Yang,
  • Peng Ding,
  • Fan Wang and ,
  • Anmin Gong and
  • Yunfa Fu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) is an important type of BCI that has various potential applications, including in virtual environments using virtual reality (VR). However, compared to VR research, the majority of visual stimuli use...

(This article belongs to the Section Computational Neuroscience, Neuroinformatics, and Neurocomputing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,659 Views
13 Pages

19 January 2017

Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) using Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) are sometimes used by injured patients seeking to use a computer. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is seen as state-of-the-art for SSVEP BCI systems. However, thi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy and Electroencephalography II)

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