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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Anthony Guiseppi-Elie and Rossana Madrid

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081025 - 3 Dec 2025

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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8 pages, 1066 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparison of the Effects of Essential Oils and Antibiotics on Listeria monocytogenes Isolates

by Vesna Kalaba, Dragica Đurđević-Milošević, Tanja Ilić and Dragana Kalaba

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081001 - 28 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1627

Abstract

Food contamination with Listeria monocytogenes can cause health problems of increasing global concern. The resistance of L. monocytogenes to antibiotics requires finding alternative solutions to protect human health. This mini study was designed to evaluate the effects of antibiotics and some particular essential [...] Read more.

Food contamination with Listeria monocytogenes can cause health problems of increasing global concern. The resistance of L. monocytogenes to antibiotics requires finding alternative solutions to protect human health. This mini study was designed to evaluate the effects of antibiotics and some particular essential oils on L. monocytogenes isolates from food of animal origin and isolates from food-producing surfaces. This aim was to investigate the effects of seven antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin, penicillin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) on L. monocytogenes isolated from food and surface samples. Also, the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (thyme, oregano, peppermint, and rosemary) against the growth of L. monocytogenes isolates was investigated. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were from food of an animal origin and food-producing surfaces. The isolation and determination of L. monocytogenes from food samples followed ISO 11290-1. Surface samplings were performed in compliance with ISO 18593, followed by the isolation and determination of L. monocytogenes. A disc diffusion method was used, and the tests were performed in triplicate. The results of this study confirmed the pronounced antibacterial activity of essential oils compared to antimicrobial drugs. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris showed a bactericidal effect against all tested L. monocytogenes isolates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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8 pages, 3354 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electrospun Hyaluronan-Based Nanofibers with Mangiferin: Preparation, Morphology, and Drug Release Kinetics

by Roman Shaikenov, Vladislava Klimshina, Yuliya Generalova, Polina Serbun, Anna Kosova, Maksim Dorogov, Svetlana Morozkina and Petr Snetkov

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081002 - 28 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1439

Abstract

The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is a major global health concern. The search for natural compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogens is becoming urgent. One such compound is mangiferin, a non-toxic polyphenolic compound derived mainly from Mangifera indica. In addition [...] Read more.

The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is a major global health concern. The search for natural compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogens is becoming urgent. One such compound is mangiferin, a non-toxic polyphenolic compound derived mainly from Mangifera indica. In addition to antibacterial properties, it exhibits anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, analgesic and other activities. However, the clinical application of mangiferin is limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. This study describes mangiferin-loaded electrospun nanofibers based on high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The nanofibers improve mangiferin delivery and possess favorable morphological characteristics and drug release kinetics, making them promising candidates for effective antibacterial dressings. This study found that an increase in the mangiferin content of the fibers led to an increase in the average diameter of the fibers. It was also found that nanofibers with different mangiferin content have similar release kinetics with an anomalous non-Fickian transport pattern: most of the mangiferin is released within 10–15 min. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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12 pages, 2109 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Short Overview of the Formulation of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels and Their Biomedical Applications

by Raja Saadan, Aziz Ihammi, Mohamed Chigr and Ahmed Fatimi

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081003 - 20 Dec 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3228

Abstract

Cellulose, the most abundant natural biopolymer, has garnered significant attention for hydrogel development due to its exceptional properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and mechanical strength. These attributes make cellulose an environmentally friendly and safe material for biomedical engineering applications. Crosslinking is a critical [...] Read more.

Cellulose, the most abundant natural biopolymer, has garnered significant attention for hydrogel development due to its exceptional properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and mechanical strength. These attributes make cellulose an environmentally friendly and safe material for biomedical engineering applications. Crosslinking is a critical step in hydrogel synthesis, enabling the formation of a 3D network that enhances structural and functional properties. Various crosslinking methods have been employed to tailor cellulose-based hydrogels for specific applications, such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and 3D bioprinting. This paper provides a concise overview of the formulation techniques and biomedical applications of cellulose-based hydrogels. By synthesizing recent advances from the literature, we highlight the unique advantages of cellulose-based hydrogels over other biomaterials and discuss their potential as a sustainable and innovative platform in biomedical engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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9 pages, 549 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biological Treatment of Second Cheese Whey Using Marine Microalgae/Cyanobacteria-Based Systems

by Stefania Patsialou, Ioanna Aikaterini Tsakona, Dimitris V. Vayenas and Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081004 - 16 Jan 2025

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1401

Abstract

The biological treatment of second cheese whey (SCW) was investigated using two different marine cultures, the microalgae Picochlorum costavermella and the cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. Seawater from the coastal area of Rio, near Patras, was used for dilution of the SCW to achieve an [...] Read more.

The biological treatment of second cheese whey (SCW) was investigated using two different marine cultures, the microalgae Picochlorum costavermella and the cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. Seawater from the coastal area of Rio, near Patras, was used for dilution of the SCW to achieve an initial concentration of about 2000 mg d-COD/L in both cases without any external additions of the inorganic nutrients N and P. The growth of the mixed biomass, the removal of nutrients and the simultaneous accumulation of bioproducts over time were studied, with d-COD removal reaching 65% and maximum lipid and protein contents, up to 24% and 41.7%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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10 pages, 583 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hip Injuries in Dancer Athletes Due to Biomechanical Loading: A Systematic Review

by Alexandra Migdou, Athanasios Triantafyllou, Panagiotis Gkrilias, Maria Kyriakidou and Georgios Papagiannis

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081005 - 27 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4078

Abstract

Professional dancers are susceptible to lower limb pathologies, particularly in the hip joint, due to biomechanical stress. Multiple factors contribute to this, requiring a particular therapeutic approach to address them. This review aims to document these injuries, identify the contributing causes, and propose [...] Read more.

Professional dancers are susceptible to lower limb pathologies, particularly in the hip joint, due to biomechanical stress. Multiple factors contribute to this, requiring a particular therapeutic approach to address them. This review aims to document these injuries, identify the contributing causes, and propose appropriate treatment modalities. This research was conducted by searching the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords and phrases, and in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The major findings suggest that the most prevalent conditions include snapping hip syndrome, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, acetabular labral tears, bursitis, and fatigue fractures. The main factors contributing to these results include excessive joint range of motion, increased training loads, hyperactivity, gender, and BMI. Dancers are susceptible to injuries; nevertheless, studies on this topic are limited, necessitating further research to strengthen their methodological level and establish their results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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9 pages, 2903 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Muscle Networks Dynamic in Demanding Postural Tasks and Visual Feedback Privation: A Preliminary Study

by Ana Lía Albarracín, Fernando Daniel Farfán, Leonardo Ariel Cano, Juan D. Romero-Ante, Juan S. Montenegro-Bravo and Eduardo Fernandez-Jover

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081006 - 10 Feb 2025

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Abstract

Postural stability relies on the effective interaction between sensory feedback integration and muscle modulation. This study investigates the dynamics of muscle networks generated during challenging postures and examines the impact of visual feedback deprivation on balance. The postural conditions included three tasks selected [...] Read more.

Postural stability relies on the effective interaction between sensory feedback integration and muscle modulation. This study investigates the dynamics of muscle networks generated during challenging postures and examines the impact of visual feedback deprivation on balance. The postural conditions included three tasks selected from the Berg Balance Scale: standing feet apart, standing feet together, and tandem stance. Additionally, these postures were performed with both open and closed eyes. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected bilaterally from six leg and hip muscles. Intermuscular coherence (IMC) was calculated across the twelve muscles within the beta frequency band to identify the muscle networks activated under different postural conditions. The findings revealed a decrease in the number of connections across the sequence of postures, alongside the strengthening of specific muscle connections unique to each individual. These shared patterns and individualized muscle networks may reflect adaptive strategies employed to maintain stability during challenging postural tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 5179 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of the Spinning Parameters for Wire-Based Electrospinning of Casein–PEO Nanofiber Mats

by Hiram Gyrad Ramirez Candia, Uwe Güth, Timo Grothe and Andrea Ehrmann

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081007 - 14 Feb 2025

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Abstract

Casein is a natural milk protein that has been investigated for various applications. Casein nanofibers are of great interest for tissue engineering. Spinning casein alone has proven difficult due to its unsuitable viscoelasticity and extensive intermolecular interactions. Our study aims at optimizing casein/poly(ethylene [...] Read more.

Casein is a natural milk protein that has been investigated for various applications. Casein nanofibers are of great interest for tissue engineering. Spinning casein alone has proven difficult due to its unsuitable viscoelasticity and extensive intermolecular interactions. Our study aims at optimizing casein/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) spinning solutions for needleless electrospinning. For this purpose, PEO with different molecular weights was mixed with different caseins in different ratios and processed with different spinning parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show the impact of these parameters on the diameter distribution and morphology of the nanofibers. The paper gives the first overview of the optimum spinning parameters for wire-based electrospinning of casein/PEO nanofiber mats that are mostly standard values (maximum electrode–electrode distance, carriage speed of 100 mm/s, and PEO with 300 kDa molecular weight), combined with the addition of beeswax to improve fiber morphology and reduce beads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 1686 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Bioengineering of Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Based 3D Constructs with Different Cell Organizations

by Natalia Trufanova, Oleh Trufanov, Galyna Bozhok, Ruslana Oberemok, Olena Revenko and Oleksandr Petrenko

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081008 - 17 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1078

Abstract

Standard 2D cultures inadequately mimic the natural microenvironment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), compromising their properties. This study investigated the impact of 3D cultures in spheroids, alginate microspheres (AMSs), and blood plasma scaffolds on human-adipose-derived MSC behavior. The cell morphology, viability/apoptosis (6-CFDA/Annexin-Cy3.18), actin [...] Read more.

Standard 2D cultures inadequately mimic the natural microenvironment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), compromising their properties. This study investigated the impact of 3D cultures in spheroids, alginate microspheres (AMSs), and blood plasma scaffolds on human-adipose-derived MSC behavior. The cell morphology, viability/apoptosis (6-CFDA/Annexin-Cy3.18), actin filament development (phalloidin-FITC), and metabolic activity (Alamar Blue) were assessed on the 3rd day of the generated 3D construct cultures. The abilities for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated after 21 days of culture in media with inducers by Nile Red and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The 3D culture supported closer-to-physiological cell interactions and morphology and resulted in F-actin reduction compared with the 2D culture. While the metabolic activity was elevated in the scaffolds, it was significantly reduced in the spheroids and AMSs, which reflected natural-like quiescence. The differentiation was maintained across all the 3D constructs. These findings highlight the essential influence of 3D construct design on MSC function, underscoring its potential for advancing both in vitro models and cell-based therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 1297 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Comparative Study of Titanium-Based Coatings Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering for Biomedical Applications

by Ferroudja Lemdani, Nadia Saoula, Noureddine Madaoui, Mourad Azibi, Yassine Azzoug, Gaya Chettouh and Abdelkader Hammouche

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081009 - 27 Feb 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the effects of substrate bias voltage on the properties of titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium oxynitride (TiON) thin films deposited via High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), [...] Read more.

This study investigates the effects of substrate bias voltage on the properties of titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium oxynitride (TiON) thin films deposited via High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). The structure and morphology of the obtained coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TiN coatings exhibited hydrophilic behavior, while TiON coatings demonstrated hydrophobic characteristics. Electrochemical corrosion testing in Hank’s solution revealed superior corrosion resistance for TiON films deposited at −100 V, indicating their potential for biomedical applications. The observed differences in wettability and corrosion resistance are attributed to the influence of substrate bias voltage on the films’ microstructure and surface chemistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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20 pages, 3175 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Role and Future Directions of 3D Printing in Custom Prosthetic Design

by Partha Protim Borthakur

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081010 - 14 Mar 2025

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 17429

Abstract

The advent of 3D printing technology has revolutionized various manufacturing sectors, including the medical field, particularly in the production of prosthetic limbs. Traditional prosthetic manufacturing processes are often time-consuming and expensive, causing amputees to endure long waiting periods and high costs. In contrast, [...] Read more.

The advent of 3D printing technology has revolutionized various manufacturing sectors, including the medical field, particularly in the production of prosthetic limbs. Traditional prosthetic manufacturing processes are often time-consuming and expensive, causing amputees to endure long waiting periods and high costs. In contrast, 3D printing offers a rapid, cost-effective alternative, enabling the creation of custom-made prosthetics tailored to the specific needs and measurements of each wearer. Integrating 3D printing technology into prosthetics and orthopedics has ushered in a new era of customization and innovation. This advanced approach facilitates the creation of personalized prosthetics and bone replacements tailored to individual patients’ needs. With the latest advancements in software and 3D printing, the use of custom orthopedic implants for complex surgical cases has gained significant popularity. This paper explores the advantages of using 3D printing for prosthetic limb production, highlighting its ability to significantly reduce the production time and costs while maintaining high functionality and quality. By leveraging 3D scanning and computer-aided design (CAD), precise digital models of a patient’s residual limb can be created, ensuring a perfect fit and improved comfort. Additionally, the flexibility of 3D printing allows for the incorporation of advanced materials and design features, enhancing the durability and performance of the prosthetics. The study also examines the potential for 3D printing to democratize access to prosthetic care, especially in low-resource settings. The affordability and accessibility of 3D printers, coupled with open-source designs, empower local communities and healthcare providers to produce prosthetics on demand, reducing dependency on centralized manufacturing facilities. By addressing the current limitations and challenges, including material constraints and regulatory hurdles, this paper highlights the transformative impact of 3D printing on the prosthetics industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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75 pages, 599 KB

Open AccessConference Report

Abstracts of the 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering

by Anthony Guiseppi-Elie and Rossana Madrid

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081011 - 20 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3938

Abstract

The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering (IOCBE 2024) was held online from 16 to 18 October 2024. With a theme of Bioengineering in a Generative AI World, the conference featured presentations from distinguished scholars at the nexus of engineering and clinics, [...] Read more.

The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering (IOCBE 2024) was held online from 16 to 18 October 2024. With a theme of Bioengineering in a Generative AI World, the conference featured presentations from distinguished scholars at the nexus of engineering and clinics, engineering and food, engineering and industry, and innovations in bioengineering education. The conference was organized around six topics and related themes: Regenerative and Tissue Engineering; Biomechanics and Sports Medicine; Biomedical Biomaterials; Nano-Biotechnology; Biosignal Processing; and Biochemical Engineering. This conference discussed the important recent developments in bioengineering, including bioengineered foods, allotransplantation, multi-omics, theragnostics and bioengineering convergence. Oral and poster presentations were featured in live broadcasts, enabling participants to take part in interactive discussions and sessions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

10 pages, 2274 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Stress Detection Using Bio-Signal Processing: An Application of IoT and Machine Learning for Old Age Home Residents

by Amit Kumar Ahuja, Bajarang Prasad Mishra, Chandra Shankar and Tanishk Prakash Dubey

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081012 - 20 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2080

Abstract

Stress is a multifaceted physiological and psychological response that impacts health in diverse ways. This work introduces an IoT- and ML-based wearable stress detection prototype system for elderly care. The prototype developed utilizes Heart Rate, Skin Temperature, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) sensors, [...] Read more.

Stress is a multifaceted physiological and psychological response that impacts health in diverse ways. This work introduces an IoT- and ML-based wearable stress detection prototype system for elderly care. The prototype developed utilizes Heart Rate, Skin Temperature, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) sensors, integrated with data input for real-time analysis. Among different prediction models, Random Forest was found to achieve the highest performance measured in terms of Accuracy (95.06%), Precision (95.22%), Recall (95.06%) and F1-Score (94.38%) and hence was employed for the stress-prediction purpose. Validated on old age home residents (SHEOWS, New Delhi), the device demonstrated satisfactory performance, enabling personalized care and improved stress management through precise, data-driven insights. This is preliminary research which needs to be extended appropriately in the future for further improvements and will work as an input for stress-reduction techniques for elderly people. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 1602 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Prediction of Drug Transport, Distribution, and Absorption Through a Multicompartmental Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model

by Simone Chiorboli, Antonio D’Ambrosio, Leone Mazzeo, Francesca Santori, Luca Bacco, Federico D’Antoni, Giovanni Palombo, Mario Merone and Vincenzo Piemonte

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081013 - 1 Apr 2025

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop a multicompartmental physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that allows for the reproduction of the function of the gastrointestinal system in silico. Based on the typical tools of chemical engineering, transport phenomena, and human physiological and [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to develop a multicompartmental physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that allows for the reproduction of the function of the gastrointestinal system in silico. Based on the typical tools of chemical engineering, transport phenomena, and human physiological and anatomical knowledge, the developed model is not limited to representing the transport of drugs and their interactions with ingested foods but also describes several physiological aspects that quantitatively regulate the distribution, absorption, and elimination of drugs. Nevertheless, the model only contains a limited number of parameters: the permeability constants of jejunum, ileum, and colon membranes and the drug removal rates in both the blood and cellular compartments. Therefore, it can be used for a preliminary drug bioavailability assessment in the early stages of drug development when limited experimental data are available. The model was tested on two drugs, Ketoprofen and Ibuprofen, which yielded satisfactory results in accordance with the existing literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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16 pages, 2011 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sustainable Pharmaceutical Development Utilizing Vigna mungo Polymer Microbeads

by Krishnaveni Manubolu and Raveesha Peeriga

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081014 - 2 Apr 2025

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Abstract

This study explores the potential of Vigna mungo gum as a sustainable and innovative natural polymer for developing microbeads for the controlled delivery of vildagliptin, a widely used antidiabetic agent. Unlike conventional natural polymers, Vigna mungo gum offers unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and an [...] Read more.

This study explores the potential of Vigna mungo gum as a sustainable and innovative natural polymer for developing microbeads for the controlled delivery of vildagliptin, a widely used antidiabetic agent. Unlike conventional natural polymers, Vigna mungo gum offers unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and an eco-friendly production process, distinguishing it as a superior candidate for drug delivery systems. Microbeads were prepared by combining Vigna mungo gum with sodium alginate and inducing gelation using calcium carbonate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a rough, porous microbead surface, advantageous for drug encapsulation and controlled release. Drug release studies demonstrated sustained release kinetics, highlighting the effectiveness of this formulation. These findings underscore the novelty of Vigna mungo gum as a promising platform for antidiabetic drug delivery, providing a sustainable alternative to existing polymer systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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10 pages, 938 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quantitative Data to Evaluate Clinical Pilates Efficacy in Chronic Low Back Pain Using Inertial Measurement Units

by Nefeli Maria Tsirmpini, Elpida Foti, Athanasios Triantafyllou, Maria Kyriakidou, Panagiotis Gkrilias and Georgios Papagiannis

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081015 - 14 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) affects a significant percentage of the global population, with therapeutic exercise being a key management strategy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the clinical Pilates method in 22 patients with CNLBP. Lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) [...] Read more.

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) affects a significant percentage of the global population, with therapeutic exercise being a key management strategy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the clinical Pilates method in 22 patients with CNLBP. Lumbar spine range of motion (ROM) and completion times for three functional tests (prone plank, side bridge, and supine bridge) were measured before and after a six-week rehabilitation program. Motion data were collected using two inertial measurement units. Results showed statistically significant improvements in kinematic patterns, execution times, and ROM. These findings support the effectiveness of clinical Pilates in improving lumbar spine functionality and patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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6 pages, 803 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning Classifiers for Voice Health Assessment Under Simulated Room Acoustics

by Ahmed M. Yousef and Eric J. Hunter

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081016 - 7 May 2025

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Abstract

Machine learning (ML) robustness for voice disorder detection was evaluated using reverberation-augmented recordings. Common vocal health assessment voice features from steady vowel samples (135 pathological, 49 controls) were used to train/test six ML classifiers. Detection performance was evaluated under low-reverb and simulated medium [...] Read more.

Machine learning (ML) robustness for voice disorder detection was evaluated using reverberation-augmented recordings. Common vocal health assessment voice features from steady vowel samples (135 pathological, 49 controls) were used to train/test six ML classifiers. Detection performance was evaluated under low-reverb and simulated medium (med = 0.48 s) and high-reverb times (high = 1.82 s). All models’ performance declined with longer reverberation. Support Vector Machine exhibited slight robustness but faced performance challenges. Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, though strong under low reverb, lacked generalizability in med/high reverb. Training/testing ML on augmented data is essential to enhance their reliability in real-world voice assessments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 831 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Current Perspectives on the Applicability of Lignin Material in the Biosorption Process

by Hakan Çelebi, Tolga Bahadir, İsmail Şimşek and Şevket Tulun

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081017 - 23 May 2025

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Abstract

Generally, cheap and environmentally friendly biosorbent materials attract the attention of researchers and become the focus of research. Cellulose and hemicellulose come to the fore among biosorbent materials in biosorption processes. However, lignin is also a very abundant and underutilized biopolymer resource that [...] Read more.

Generally, cheap and environmentally friendly biosorbent materials attract the attention of researchers and become the focus of research. Cellulose and hemicellulose come to the fore among biosorbent materials in biosorption processes. However, lignin is also a very abundant and underutilized biopolymer resource that can be preferred for biosorbent production. Lignin is an amorphous phenolic biopolymer with a structurally three-dimensional branched network structure. This biopolymer has advantages such as being available in large quantities, as well as high selectivity and sorption capacity. However, one of the biggest disadvantages is that lignin exhibits a heterogeneous structure for the balanced production of biosorbents. The structural behavior of lignin depends largely on the source and the processing conditions from which it is isolated. Today, although the use of lignin-based biosorbents is increasing, only 5% of the available lignin globally is used. This review summarized the world’s current trends, perspectives, and recent developments in lignin-based biosorbents in terms of all properties of lignin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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9 pages, 1003 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electrophysiological Biomarkers to Understand the Compensatory Mechanisms of Hamstring Tears: A Narrative Review

by Gonzalo Daniel Gerez, Manuel Parajón Víscido, Fernando Daniel Farfán and Leonardo Ariel Cano

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081018 - 24 May 2025

Viewed by 1040

Abstract

Hamstring muscle tears are among the most prevalent sports injuries. The occurrence of muscle injuries has been demonstrated to result in alterations to the movement control system, thus prompting the implementation of compensatory strategies. The potential for in-depth study of these adaptive or [...] Read more.

Hamstring muscle tears are among the most prevalent sports injuries. The occurrence of muscle injuries has been demonstrated to result in alterations to the movement control system, thus prompting the implementation of compensatory strategies. The potential for in-depth study of these adaptive or compensatory strategies for injuries is made possible by the use of electrophysiological biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence concerning the analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers in research conducted on subjects with a history of hamstring injury (HSI) on sprinting tasks. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and five articles were selected based on a rigorous set of selection criteria. The heterogeneity of the results precludes the establishment of broad generalisations regarding hamstring muscle activity during running or sprinting. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, individuals with a history of hamstring injury have been shown to consistently exhibit altered EMG patterns. In order to enhance our comprehension of the neural strategies underpinning movement, it is imperative to employ methodologies that transcend the limitations of EMG amplitude measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 808 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Performance of a Single-Flicker SSVEP BCI Using Single Channels

by Gerardo Luis Padilla and Fernando Daniel Farfán

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081019 - 6 Jun 2025

Viewed by 1145

Abstract

This study investigated performance characteristics and channel selection strategies for single-flicker steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) using minimal recording channels. SSVEP clustering patterns from seven subjects, who focused on four static targets while being exposed to a central 15 Hz [...] Read more.

This study investigated performance characteristics and channel selection strategies for single-flicker steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) using minimal recording channels. SSVEP clustering patterns from seven subjects, who focused on four static targets while being exposed to a central 15 Hz stimulus, were analyzed. Using a single-channel approach, signal energy patterns were examined, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, which explained over 90% of the data variance. The Calinski–Harabasz Index quantified state separability, identifying channels and comparisons with maximum clustering efficiency. The results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing single-flicker SSVEP BCIs with reduced recording channels, contributing to more practical and efficient BCI systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 1048 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring Cortical Connectivity of Visual Prosthesis Users: Resting-State Study

by María del Mar Ayuso Arroyave, Fernando Daniel Farfán, Leili Soo, Ana Lía Albarracín and Eduardo Fernández

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081020 - 4 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Electrophysiological studies reveal significant organizational and functional differences in the cortex of blind individuals compared to sighted individuals. These differences result from the nervous system’s reorganization to adapt to new sensory modalities used in daily life. Cortical visual prostheses offer a means to [...] Read more.

Electrophysiological studies reveal significant organizational and functional differences in the cortex of blind individuals compared to sighted individuals. These differences result from the nervous system’s reorganization to adapt to new sensory modalities used in daily life. Cortical visual prostheses offer a means to restore visual sensations in blind individuals by generating phosphenes, luminous perceptions that provide information about their surroundings. This study investigates the cortical changes associated with the use of a visual neuroprosthesis, focusing on how the brain adapts to the restored visual input. Our findings aim to contribute to understanding neuroplasticity in sensory restoration processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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10 pages, 1116 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Brief Overview on Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels in 3D Bioprinting for Biomedical Applications: Cases of Cellulose, Chitosan, and Lignin

by Chaymaa Hachimi Alaoui, Pierre Weiss, Ahmed Fatimi and Gildas Réthoré

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081021 - 25 Sep 2025

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become one of the most advanced and useful innovations that allows the creation of personalized macroscopic and microscopic constructs at different scales that match a patient’s anatomy. Intensive research efforts are currently underway to develop highly printable and biocompatible [...] Read more.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become one of the most advanced and useful innovations that allows the creation of personalized macroscopic and microscopic constructs at different scales that match a patient’s anatomy. Intensive research efforts are currently underway to develop highly printable and biocompatible materials. Among the variety of bioprinting materials (i.e., biomaterial inks), naturally derived hydrogels have attracted great interest due to their beneficial properties in terms of biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. In this proceeding paper, we provide an overview of the formulation and use of three functional polysaccharides as ink-based hydrogels. First, 3D bioprinting is summarized as revolutionary technology that is able to create cell-laden structures layer by layer in a specific pattern that mimics native tissue and organs. Cellulose, chitosan, and lignin are presented below, followed by an overview of their applicability in 3D bioprinting, focusing on printability and the resulting printed 3D structures as illustrated in various published figures. In the same way, a comparative overview of 3D bioprinting applications is summarized. Finally, a section dedicated to comparisons, limitations, and crosslinking strategies is provided. It is worth noting that this proceedings paper provides a brief overview rather than a comprehensive review, as it is limited by page constraints and is based on the content of our poster presented at the 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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9 pages, 2262 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Assessing the Relationship Between Gesture Intuitiveness and Muscle Network Efficiency: A Comparison of NMF and Inter-Muscular Coherence Analysis Methods

by Eduardo Oliveira Freire, Leonardo Ariel Cano, Gonzalo Daniel Gerez, Manuel Parajón Víscido, Ana Lía Albarracín and Fernando Daniel Farfán

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081022 - 11 Jul 2025

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Abstract

This pilot study investigates the relationship between gesture intuitiveness and muscle network efficiency in human–machine interactions (HMIs), emphasizing objective neurophysiological measures. EMG signals from 16 muscles were analyzed to construct muscle networks based on synergies derived from non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and intermuscular [...] Read more.

This pilot study investigates the relationship between gesture intuitiveness and muscle network efficiency in human–machine interactions (HMIs), emphasizing objective neurophysiological measures. EMG signals from 16 muscles were analyzed to construct muscle networks based on synergies derived from non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and intermuscular coherence (IMC) across three frequency bands. Metrics such as weighted global efficiency (WGE) and effective average strength (EAS) were correlated with gesture intuitiveness levels. Preliminary results suggest that WGE and EAS in synergy-based muscle networks, particularly in the Gamma 1 band, may be associated with perceived gesture intuitiveness (p = 0.10 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest the potential utility of neurophysiological metrics to support the assessment of intuitive gestures, warranting further investigation with broader samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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7 pages, 609 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Changes in the Intermuscular Coherence of the Multifidus and Its Relationship with Fatigue and Low Back Pain: A Case Series

by Gonzalo Daniel Gerez, Leonardo Ariel Cano, Francisco Esteban Escobar, Eduardo Freire, María Soledad García and Manuel Parajón Víscido

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081023 - 5 Nov 2025

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Abstract

Subjects with low back pain (LBP) have shown different responses to fatigue compared to healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the connectivity of the multifidus muscles using intermuscular coherence (IMC) in a squat protocol between healthy subjects [...] Read more.

Subjects with low back pain (LBP) have shown different responses to fatigue compared to healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the connectivity of the multifidus muscles using intermuscular coherence (IMC) in a squat protocol between healthy subjects and a subject with a history of low back pain. The protocol consisted of three sets of squats, with the final set performed with as many repetitions as possible to induce muscular fatigue. The findings indicated that IMC decreased among healthy subjects during the last repetitions of the squat series, with percentage changes in connectivity (CC) ranging from approximately 43.3% to 67.3% when comparing the first and last 10 repetitions. In contrast, the subject with a history of low back pain (LBP) exhibited an opposite trend, showing a 41.8% increase in IMC. These results suggest a different response of IMC to fatigue related to LBP. This also establishes IMC as a potentially useful tool for characterizing fatigue and LBP during physical exercise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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6 pages, 1756 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cortical Dynamics of Phosphene Perception: A Study Using EEG Signals

by Fernando Daniel Farfán, Fabrizio Grani, Leili Soo, Cristina Soto-Sanchez and Eduardo Fernández

Eng. Proc. 2024, 81(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024081024 - 19 Nov 2025

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Abstract

The electrical stimulation of the primary occipital cortex can evoke luminous perceptions known as phosphenes, forming the basis for cortical visual prostheses for blind individuals. In this study, cortical dynamics during phosphene perception were investigated in a blind subject implanted with a 10 [...] Read more.

The electrical stimulation of the primary occipital cortex can evoke luminous perceptions known as phosphenes, forming the basis for cortical visual prostheses for blind individuals. In this study, cortical dynamics during phosphene perception were investigated in a blind subject implanted with a 10 × 10 Utah microelectrode array in the visual cortex. EEG analyses revealed significant event-related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) differences in the 4–7.5 Hz range, primarily in frontal regions, 250–750 ms post-stimulus. Connectivity analysis using the directed transfer function (DTF) showed directional connections from temporal to frontal areas during perception. These findings provide preliminary insights into the cortical dynamics associated with phosphene perception and highlight the potential of EEG for characterizing neural activity in such contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Bioengineering)

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