Spatial modulation (SM) is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique that achieves a MIMO capacity by conveying information through antenna indices, while keeping the transmitter as simple as that of a single-input system. Quadrature SM (QSM)...
In the context of global climate change, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), a robust proxy for gross primary productivity, is modulated by the coupled effects of soil moisture (SM) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). However, fine-scale spat...
In this contribution, the concept of spatial modulation (SM) is firstly integrated into the structure of space-time block codes (STBC)-aided vertical Bell-labs layered space-time (VBLAST) systems, in order to strike a balanced tradeoff among bit erro...
We present a well-known generalized Reed–Solomon (GRS) code incorporated with space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) for wireless networks, which is capable of enjoying coded cooperation between the source and the relay. In the pro...
This study proposes two approaches for improving the effectiveness of spatial modulation integrated into layer division multiplexing (SM-LDM) in broadcasting systems: biased-power allocation (Bi-PA) and shared antenna selection (SAS). Even though dif...
This paper proposes, for the first time, a two-source asymmetric turbo-coded-cooperative spatial modulation (SM) scheme over the slow Rayleigh fading channel. As in any coded cooperative communication, the interleaver plays a vital role in mitigating...
In this paper, we present a new secrecy-enhancing scheme for the spatial modulation (SM) system, by considering imperfect channel state information (CSI). In the proposed scheme, two antennas are activated at the same time. One of the activated anten...
In this paper, we present a practical partitioned intelligent-reflecting-surface-aided transmit spatial modulation (PIRS-TSM) scheme, where spatial modulation is implemented at the transmitter and partitioning is conducted on the IRS to enhance the s...
Spatial Modulation (SM) is a candidate modulation scheme for beyond 5G communications systems due to its reduced hardware complexity and good trade-off between energy and spectral efficiency. This paper proposes two Machine Learning based solutions f...
Soil moisture (SM) is a critical variable affecting ecosystem carbon and water cycles and their feedback to climate change. In this study, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model embedded with a residual block and attention module, nam...
Transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS) has been known to reduce human cortical excitability. Here, we investigated whether tSMS would modulate visuo-spatial cognition in healthy humans. Subjects performed a visuo-spatial task requiring judge...
Soil moisture (SM) applications in terrestrial hydrology require higher spatial resolution soil moisture products than those provided by passive microwave remote sensing instruments (grid resolution of 9 km or larger). In this investigation, an innov...
In this paper, a novel interference free dual-hop device-to-device (D2D) aided cooperative relaying strategy (CRS) based on spatial modulation (SM) (termed D2D-CRS-SM) is proposed. In D2D-CRS-SM, two cellular users (e.g., a near user (NU) and a relay...
In spatial modulation (SM), a single signal symbol is transmitted from a given physical antenna, where both the signal symbol and the antenna index carry information. SM with multiple active antennas (MA-SM) transmits several signal symbols from a co...
Recently, the concept of spatial and direction modulation (SDM) has been developed to reap the advantages of both spatial modulation (SM) and directional modulation (DM). On the one hand, DM ensures the transmission security at the expected direction...
Spatial Modulation Technologies (SMTs) are schemes that reduce inter-carrier interference (ICI), inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization (IAS), and system complexity for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. M...
Monitoring soil moisture (SM) on individual crop fields is of great interest for agricultural applications. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems such as Sentinel-1 provide sensitivity to surface SM at a spatial resolution compatible with crop-field...
Full-duplex (FD) communication and spatial modulation (SM) are two promising techniques to achieve high spectral efficiency. Recent works in the literature have investigated the possibility of combining the FD mode with SM in the relay system to bene...
Human activity recognition (HAR) is an important research area with a wide range of application scenarios, such as smart homes, healthcare, abnormal behavior detection, etc. Wearable sensors, computer vision, radar, and other technologies are commonl...
12 December 2024
How to effectively extract spectral and spatial information and apply it to hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has been a hot research topic. In recent years, the transformer-based HSIC models have attracted much interest due to their advantag...
As a novel variant of spatial modulation (SM), enhanced SM (ESM) provides higher spectral efficiency and improved bit error rate (BER) performance compared to SM. In ESM, traditional signal detection methods such as maximum likelihood (ML) have the d...
Line-of-sight (LOS) indoor optical wireless communications (OWC) enable a high data rate transmission while potentially suffering from optical channel obstructions. Additional LOS links using diversity techniques can tackle the received signal perfor...
Myoblast migration is crucial for myogenesis and muscular tissue homeostasis. However, its spatiotemporal control remains elusive. Here, we explored the involvement of plasma membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids in this process. In resting C2C12 mo...
Rainstorm floods constitute one of the major natural hazards threatening the safe and stable operation of power grid facilities. Constructing a rapid and accurate prediction model is of great significance in order to enhance the disaster prevention c...
We propose a distributed quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) coded spatial modulation (D-QC-LDPCC-SM) scheme with source, relay and destination nodes. At the source and relay, two distinct QC-LDPC codes are used. The relay chooses partial...
Recent research has demonstrated that global warming significantly enhances peak vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), underscoring the influence of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics. Nevertheless, the effects of different drought type...
A spatial modulation (SM) scheme has been developed as a hopeful candidate for spectral and energy-efficient wireless communication systems, as it provides a great judgment for the system performance, data transmission rate, receiver complexity, and...
In this paper, we propose a novel squeeze M-SegNet (SM-SegNet) architecture featuring a fire module to perform accurate as well as fast segmentation of the brain on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The proposed model utilizes uniform input pat...
The sixth-generation (6G) network is supposed to transmit significantly more data at much quicker rates than existing networks while meeting severe energy efficiency (EE) targets. The high-rate spatial modulation (SM) methods can be used to deal with...
A signal space diversity (SSD) scheme was proposed to be incorporated with spatial modulation (SM) in an intensity-modulation/direct-detection-based multiple-input-single-output (MISO) indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) system to improve bit...
In this paper, spatial pulse position modulation (SPPM) is used as a case study to investigate the performance of the optical spatial modulation (SM) technique in outdoor atmospheric turbulence (AT). A closed-form expression for the upper bound on th...
In this work, we aimed to develop and evaluate multi-band outer volume suppression pulses for increased acceleration rates in simultaneous multi-slice accelerated cardiac MRI. MB-OVS pulses were constructed from a multi-band combination of two slab-s...
A security-enhanced, spectral-efficient, and power-efficient multi-beam wireless communication scheme based on random frequency diverse array (RFDA) is proposed in this paper. (AN)-aided directional modulation (DM) schemes. Furthermore, with the aid...
Land-surface characteristics (LSCs) and land-soil moisture conditions can modulate energy partition at the land surface, impact near-surface atmosphere conditions, and further affect land–atmosphere interactions. This study investigates the effect of...
Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) technology is an extension of spatial modulation (SM) technology, and one of its main advantages is to further improve band efficiency. However, the multiple active antennas for transmission also brings the demodu...
This study included the testing of normal (Gaussian) distribution of input data and, consequently, spatially interpolating maps of chemical components and cement modules in the flysch. This deposit contains the raw material for cement production. The...
Index modulation (IM) has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. Spatial modulation (SM) as a popular IM scheme is effective to increase spectral efficiency using the antenna index to transmit extra information bits. It can also add...
The distributed Goppa-coded generalized spatial modulation (DGC-GSM) scheme with the source, relay, and destination in cooperative communications is proposed, where the source and relay adopt different Goppa codes. Goppa codes have many advantages su...
Recently, STDenseNet (SpatioTemporal Densely connected convolutional Network) showed remarkable performance in predicting network traffic by leveraging the inductive bias of convolution layers. However, it is known that such convolution layers can on...
Turbulence in natural environments affects the reliability of communication. In this paper, we propose a symmetric matrix-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maritime visible light communication (VLC) system to confront turbulence and impr...
Spatial Modulation (SM) is a promising technique for future wireless communication systems, as it reduces hardware cost and complexity while maintaining good bit error rate (BER) performance in MIMO systems. However, in real-world scenarios, systems...
This study examines the physical-layer security of an indoor visible light communication (VLC) system using spatial modulation (SM), which consists of several transmitters, an authorized receiver, and a passive adversary. The SM technique is applied...
The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) identified the technical requirements that the fifth generation of mobile communications networks (5G) had to meet; within these parameters are the fo...
With the increasing demand for detecting small water bodies in remote sensing imagery, particularly in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, traditional water body extraction models often struggle to capture fine details and accurately delineate bou...
Shaping or splitting of a Gaussian beam is often desired to optimise laser–material interactions, improving throughput and quality. This can be achieved holographically using liquid crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs). Until r...
Vu Gia-Thu Bon (VGTB) river basin is an area where flash flood and heavy flood events occur frequently, negatively impacting the local community and socio-economic development of Quang Nam Province. In recent years, structural and non–structura...