Grasslands represent a source of nutrient cycling, ecosystem stabilization, and services for human use. Grassland soil quality is commonly used as an indicator of ecosystem health and sustainability due to its strong correlation with overall grasslan...
Zooplankton community data from 45 dimictic lakes, representing homogenous abiotic conditions, were used to distinguish indicator taxa of near-pristine, reference lakes with low anthropopression. Reference conditions were selected based on natural la...
Internal reference genes are a prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of gene verification experiments, but few relevant studies on Lyophyllum decastes have investigated the growth cycle and different environmental conditions. In this study, the qPCR...
26 October 2018
The nutrient reference conditions of lakes play a key role for lake water quality control and water resource management. The inferential models are important methods for calculating reference values; however, the dependence and “cluster” in time seri...
Under the EU Water Framework Directive, ecological assessment and management are based on type-specific reference conditions. In the EU it may be difficult to find sites in large rivers with at least near-natural conditions, though this is not the ca...
The scientific determination of reference conditions for lake nutrients is fundamental for establishing ecologically sustainable nutrient criteria. This study developed a novel method for determining lake reference nutrient conditions based on genera...
Elymus sibiricus, which is a perennial and self-pollinated grass, is the typical species of the genus Elymus, which plays an important role in forage production and ecological restoration. No reports have, so far, systematically described the selecti...
A classic method for assessing the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is the pan evaporation (Epan) method that uses Epan measurements and pan coefficient (kp) models, which can be functions of relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), and temper...
Assessment of conservation effectiveness in biodiversity ecological function zones (BEFZs) is important for biodiversity in China. However, a scientific and practical method for effectively comparing biodiversity conservation between different BEFZs...
Accurate gene expression quantification using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) requires stable reference genes (RGs) for reliable normalization. However, few studies have systematically identified RGs suitable for simultaneous high sa...
To identify the reference ecosystem conditions of a damaged forest, we developed a community development scenario using a syntaxonomic approach. To facilitate this choice, we sought to provide a framework based on ecological theory, specifically on t...
Establishing reference conditions in rivers is important to understand environmental change and protect ecosystem integrity. Ranked third globally for fish biodiversity, the Mekong River has the world’s largest inland fishery providing livelihoods, f...
The intense human pressures in the Anthropocene epoch are causing an alarming decline in marine coastal ecosystems and an unprecedented loss of biodiversity. This situation underscores the urgency of making ecological restoration a global priority to...
The Craig–Bampton method is frequently applied in most commercial multibody dynamic software. Nevertheless, the Craig–Bampton modes only represent the free-free modes in flexible multibody systems. However, the free-free modes are incapab...
We sought to answer the question: How do we restore characteristics of old-growth evergreen mixed-conifer forests in young even-aged stands on upland terrain at Headwaters Forest Reserve (HFR)? We described the old-growth reference condition for th...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may affect the lives of the individuals concerned and their relatives negatively in many dimensions. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a comprehensive and complex concept that can assess one’s satisfaction w...
The citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri, is a destructive pest that infests citrus plants. It is a major vector in transmitting plant viruses such as citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), which has caused severe economic losses worldwide, and the...
This paper addresses the issue of the reference signal being contaminated by target echoes due to factors such as wide beamwidths, beam pointing errors, or site errors in passive bistatic radar (PBR). Such contamination can lead to reference signal i...
The sensorless control of doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) rotor magnetic flux based on a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is proposed to improve the reliability of a large-scale variable-speed pumped storage (VSPS) system and reduce operati...
The Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) instrument is an internationally validated patient-reported outcome measure for assessing disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals after traumatic brain injury (...
In the realm of digital libraries, efficiently managing and accessing scientific publications necessitates automated bibliographic reference segmentation. This study addresses the challenge of accurately segmenting bibliographic references, a task co...
In the present work, we analysed time series data on the introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Mediterranean between 1970 and 2017, aiming to arrive at recommendations concerning the reference period and provisional threshold values...
This study was conducted to classify the types of degraded land in the Taebaeksan region within the Baekdudaegan mountain range in Korea using image analysis and to assess the degree of degradation through a detailed survey of each type. Based on the...
Marmosets are routinely used in biomedical research, therefore there is an increasing need for updated reference intervals calculated using a large sample size, correct statistics, and considering different variables. Hematological and biochemical va...
The water distribution network of The Netherlands contains around 30,000 km of asbestos cement (AC) pipes, which constitutes around 25% of the total network. As a pipe material, AC has a relatively poor performance, and therefore is a high priority f...
Reducing the energy consumption and improving the efficiency of high-speed transmission systems are increasingly common goals; the windage power loss is not negligible in these methods. In this work, the multi-reference frame (MRF) and periodic bound...
Transitional waters straddle the interface between marine and terrestrial biomes and, among others, include fjords, bays, lagoons, and estuaries. These coastal systems are essential for transport and manufacturing industries and suffer extensive anth...
The continuous energy transformation processes in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems of buildings are responsible for 36% of global final energy consumption. Tighter thermal insulation requirements for buildings have significantly red...
Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) is a species with obligatory cainism, in which hatching asynchrony creates a pronounced size hierarchy in nestlings. The size-related competitive advantage of older nestlings means that they tend to dominate the you...
Piñon (Pinus spp. L.)–juniper (Juniperus spp. L.) woodlands’ historical stand structures were recreated to provide reference conditions and document long-term changes in the Sky Islands of the Davis Mountains, Texas. Restoration of...
25 November 2020
Rare disease (RD) registries are important platforms that facilitate communication between health care professionals, patients and other members of the multidisciplinary team. RD registries enable data sharing and promotion of research and audits, of...
It is critical to understand how meteorological variables impact reference evapotranspiration
In this paper, retrospective analyses of long-term changes in the aquatic ecosystem of Ladoga, Onega, and Imandra lakes, situated within North-West Russia, are presented. At the beginning of the last century, the lakes were oligotrophic, freshwater a...
The Food and Agriculture Organization has proposed the current version of the Penman–Monteith method (FAO56-PM) as the standard for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ET0); however, high meteorological data requirements limit its applica...
Significantly increased sedimentation rates (SRs) in lakes worldwide in recent decades due to higher inputs of silt and eutrophication have led to significant environmental problems such as lake size diminishment and degraded water quality. Many lake...
Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism remains challenging decades after broad implementation worldwide. Testing protocols are not uniform in terms of targets (TSH and/or T4) and protocols (parallel vs. sequential testing; one or two specime...
In this paper we propose a new framework to support river management and restoration in a more effective way, both conceptually and operationally, in view of an increasingly challenging future. ‘Development’ almost inevitably leads to modifications o...
The biological assessment of rivers i.e., their assessment through use of aquatic assemblages, integrates the effects of multiple-stressors on these systems over time and is essential to evaluate ecosystem condition and establish recovery measures. I...
Toward the innovative design of tunable structures for energy generation, this paper presents an extended Floating Frame of Reference (FFR) formulation capable of modeling slope discontinuities in flexible multibody systems—overcoming a key lim...
Establishing reliable hydrochemical reference conditions is essential for water quality assessment and for the implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive, particularly in regions where biological and hydromorphological data remain...
Bottle conditioning refers to a method of adding fermenting wort or yeast suspension in sugar solution into beer in its final package. Additionally denoted as bottle refermentation, this technique has been originally developed to assure beer carbonat...
Lentinula edodes is the most consumed mushroom in Asia due to its nutritional and medicinal values, and the optimal reference gene is crucial for normalization of its gene expression analysis. Here, the expression stability of 18 candidate reference...
Eustoma grandiflorum, commonly known as prairie gentian or Texas bluebells, is among the most popular agriculturally propagated species of cut flowers. Due to its widespread appeal, there is increasing interest in understanding the molecular genetic...
Reference proteins and biomarkers are important for the quantitative evaluation of protein abundance. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was grown under five stress conditions (dark, cold, heat, salt, and glucose supplementation), and the OD750 and total prot...
Canopy temperature has been proposed as a relevant variable for crop water stress monitoring. Since crop temperature is highly influenced by the prevailing climatic conditions, it is usually normalized with indices such as the crop water stress index...
Tuta absoluta is one of the most significant invasive pests affecting tomato plants worldwide. RT-qPCR has emerged as one of the most sensitive and accurate methods for detecting gene expression data. The screening of stable internal reference genes...
Salvia rosmarinus L. (rosemary) is known to have a wide range of pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, and antitumorigenic properties owing to its secondary metabolites. Studies aiming to elevate these metabolites have uti...
Aiming at the poor accuracy and difficult verification of maneuver modeling induced by the wind, waves and sea surface currents in the actual sea, a novel sea trials correction method for ship maneuvering is proposed. The wind and wave drift forces a...
Precision agriculture requires irrigation supported by an accurate knowledge of the crop water requirements. In this paper, a novel approach for drip irrigation scheduling of fruit trees is presented based on the results obtained during a full growin...
1 May 2025
When comparing the efficacy or harmfulness of two groups (e.g., drugs, devices, assays, interventions, environmental toxins), it is important to minimize bias by making this comparison with respect to a common referent-control group, assuming random...
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