197 Results Found

Introduction: Although opiate narcotics may worsen gastroparesis(GP), patients can take these for abdominal pain (AP) or other chronic pain syndromes. This study aims to evaluate medications patients with gastroparesis use for AP and compare patients...

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a primary reason that individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) are either retained in restrictive environments or are administered psychotropic medication. There are no known causes and no universally ac...

Esotropia, which is the medial deviation of one or both eyes, is a rare withdrawal symptom that has been associated with opiate addiction. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient who developed acute-onset esotropia and diplopia after self-ad...

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of length of abstinence on decision making (impulsive choice) and response inhibition (impulsive action) in former opiate users (OU). Participants included 45 OU in early remission [0–12 m...

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in quality of life (QoL) over a 12-month period among opiate users in Romania, identifying factors that contribute to a worsening of their condition. By examining these dynamics, the research intended to infor...

The impact of agonist dose and of physician, staff and patient engagement on treatment have not been evaluated together in an analysis of treatment for opioid use disorder. Our hypotheses were that greater agonist dose and therapeutic engagement woul...

Background: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a two-month exercise intervention on the concurrent non-opiate substance use (alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, and benzodiazepines) in opioid users during their medication treat...

Studying the origin of opiate and/or opiate metabolites in individual urine specimens after consumption of cold syrups is vital for patients, doctors, and law enforcement. A rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method using &ldq...

AMPA-glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are expressed throughout the CNS and mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Ampakines are orally available small molecules that bind allosterically to AMPARs and enhance excitatory currents el...

Objectives: This study aimed to better understand differences in the total days’ supply and fills of common opiates following urologic procedures. Materials and Methods: The Truven Health MarketScan^® database was used to extract CPT codes f...

Genetic analysis of the association between alcohol, cocaine, and opiate addiction and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) and serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B and 2C (HTR1B 21 and...

Drug abuse still represents a global problem, and it is associated with an increased risk of diseases, injuries, and deaths. Cocaine (COC) and opiates are the most abused drugs and account for a significant number of fatalities. Therefore, it is impo...

Dried matrix spot (DMS) techniques have gained increasing attention in bioanalytical and forensic toxicology for the detection of opiates and opioids, offering minimally invasive sampling, enhanced sample stability, and simplified storage and transpo...

Chronic pain conditions create major financial and emotional burdens that can be devastating for individuals and society. One primary source of pain is arthritis, a common inflammatory disease of the joints that causes persistent pain in affected peo...

Opiate use during pregnancy has been an increasing problem over the last two decades, making it an important social and health concern. The use of such substances may have serious negative outcomes in the newborn, and clinical and cognitive condition...

Medical psychotropics are widely used and prescribed in developed countries. These medications may have an impairing effect on mood or perception and may induce harmful behaviors. Nevertheless, in Europe, studies on their importance from a medico-leg...

Background: One of the most important issues for opiate maintenance therapy efficacy is the involvement of primary care physicians (PCPs) in opiate use disorder treatment, especially after referral from specialized units. This study aimed to analyze...

Background: Toxicological analysis of patients with acute recreational drug poisoning can improve our understanding of substance use patterns, clinical symptoms, and improve treatment. Patient history alone may be incomplete or misleading. The object...

Purpose: To assess (I) whether, in autopsy-proven lethal intoxications with opiates/opioids, a dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) is still visible in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and (II) if a dilatation of the CBD might also be measur...

Opiate withdrawal is followed by a protracted abstinence syndrome consisting of craving and physiological changes. However, few studies have been dedicated to both the characterization and understanding of these long-term alterations in post-dependen...

Introduction: Patients receiving bariatric surgery are at risk for sleep apnea (OSA) and need extensive surveillance in the postoperative period. There is evidence of respiratory events (RE) several hours after leaving PACU. We analyzed the late onse...

Morphine and codeine are the two principal opiates found in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and are therapeutically used for pain management. Poppy seeds with low opiates are primarily used for culinary purposes due to their nutritional and s...

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard of treatments for symptomatic gallstone disease. The aim of this study is to determine if postoperative opiate use is reduced with transversus abdominus plane (TAP) and rectus sheath (RS) regiona...

We sought to evaluate the success rate of a benzodiazepine-sparing analgosedation protocol (ASP) in mechanically ventilated children and determine the effect of compliance with ASP on in-hospital outcome measures. In this single center study from a q...

Ampakines are a class of orally available positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA-glutamate receptor (AMPAR) and have therapeutic implications for neurological/neuropsychiatric disorders in which AMPAR signaling is compromised. Low-impact ampakine...

This review (4 tables, 88 references) describes current developments in the design and application of liquid chromatography electrochemical detection (LC ED) based approaches for the determination of drugs of abuse. Specific emphasis is placed on ope...

Methadone is a long-acting synthetic opioid with high affinity for various opioid receptors, especially for μ-opioid receptors. Methadone has been used as a successful pharmacologic intervention for the treatment of heroin dependence and acute and ch...

Morphine and codeine, two of the most common opioids, are widely used in the clinic for different types of pain. Morphine is one of the most potent agonists for the μ-opioid receptor, leading to the strongest analgesic effect. However, due to thei...

Ampakine compounds have been shown to reverse opiate-induced respiratory depression by activation of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors. However, their pharmacological exploitations are hindered by low blood...

Opioid-use disorder (OUD) poses a growing global health crisis, with chronic opioid exposure linked not only to addiction but also to enduring neurological impairments. While traditional research has focused primarily on neuronal alterations, emergin...

The continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the t...

The illegal use of opiates and cocaine is a challenge world-wide, but some derivatives are also valuable pharmaceuticals. Reference samples of the active ingredients and their metabolites are needed both for controlling administration in the clinic a...

Background: The role of prophylactic high-dose gabapentin for the management of oral mucositis during radiation therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains controversial. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on...

Opiophobia contributes to oligoanalgesia in the emergency department (ED), but its definition varies, and its association to healthcare providers’ personality traits has been scantly explored. Our purpose was to study the different definitions of opi...

(1) Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex condition that can require long-term treatment. Pharmacological therapy for OUD involves treatment with opioid agonists (OMT) tailored to individual profiles. The aim of our study in daily clinic...

(1) Introduction: Drug-related deaths in the UK are at concerning high levels. The unknown content and purity of illicit substances can cause unpredictable adverse effects and thus a public health risk with no sign of abating. On-site drug checking i...

There have been dynamic changes in prescription opioid use in the US but the state level policy factors contributing to these are incompletely understood. We examined the association between the legalization of recreational marijuana and prescription...

Substance use carries a higher risk of unnatural death. A retrospective analysis of 42 treatment seekers between 2011–2015 was conducted through medical record review to understand the profile and circumstances leading to premature deaths. Nine...

Diamorphine (DIM, heroin) is a semi-synthetic opioid that undergoes rapid conversion to 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine, producing short-lived biomarkers that are difficult to capture during the process. This review critically explores the evolutio...

To date, epidemiological studies have not evaluated heroin-related deaths in the Middle East and North African regions, especially Saudi Arabia. All heroin-related postmortem cases reported at the Jeddah Poison Control Center (JPCC) over a 10-year pe...

The United States (US) opioid epidemic is a persistent and pervasive public health emergency that claims the lives of over 80,000 Americans per year as of 2021. There have been sustained efforts to reverse this crisis over the past decade, including...

Exercise has increasingly been recognized as an adjunctive therapy for alcohol-use disorder (AUD), yet our understanding of its underlying neurological mechanisms remains limited. This knowledge gap impedes the development of evidence-based exercise...

The goal of this review is to provide a recent examination of the pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacokinetics, misuse potential, toxicology, and prenatal consequences of buprenorphine. Buprenorphine is currently a Schedule III opioid in the US used...

Opioids and their antagonists alter vitamin C metabolism. Morphine binds to glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine), an intracellular ascorbic acid recycling molecule with a wide range of additional activities. The morphine metabolite mo...

Crosstalk between opioid and adrenergic receptors is well characterized and due to interactions between second messenger systems, formation of receptor heterodimers, and extracellular allosteric binding regions. Both classes of receptors bind both se...

Opium smoking has been a common practice in Iran for many years, with people often smoking for long hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in opium smoking due to false beliefs about its protective effects against COVID-19 infecti...

The persisting use of opioids following bariatric surgery has emerged as a prevalent complication, heightening the probability of opioid-related harm (ORM), such as opioid-related fatalities and prescription opioid use disorder (OUD). A comprehensive...

The two-component compound formed by codeine and cyclopentobarbital was produced using grinding techniques and through evaporation from alcoholic solutions. The cocrystal nature of this phase was established unequivocally through single crystal X-ray...

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare psychodynamic with other treatments in studies of substance addiction. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cohcrane library, SCOPUS, and Onesearch databases. All studies c...

Background: Tapentadol is an atypical opioid with a dual mechanism as a mu agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This study characterized tapentadol use in the United States (US) using three databases. Methods: Drug distribution data from 20...