The linear pseudo-measurements filter is adapted for use in a stochastic observation system with random time delays between the arrival of observations and the actual state of a moving object. The observation model is characterized by limited prior k...
State observers are essential components of a modern control system. It is often designed based on a mathematical model of the process, thus requiring detailed process knowledge. However, in the existing state estimation methods, equal delays are com...
Measurement While Drilling (MWD) is a technology for assessing rock mass conditions by collecting and analyzing data of mechanical drilling variables while the system operates. Nowadays, typical MWD systems rely on physical sensors directly installed...
In measurement systems operating under various disturbances the probabilistic characteristics of measurement noises are usually known approximately. To improve the observation accuracy, a new approach to the Kalman’s filter adaptation is propos...
Integrating global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) with inertial navigation systems (INSs) has been widely recognized as an ideal solution for autonomous vehicle navigation. However, GNSSs suffer from disturbances and signal blocking inevitably,...
In the modern fish processing industry, flat fishes play an important role. They are processed into a final product in the form of a fillet during the skinning operation, which is carried out on machines operating in automated production lines. These...
Pain in critically ill adults with burns should be assessed using structured pain behavioural observation measures. This study tested the clinimetric qualities and usability of the behaviour pain scale (BPS) and the critical-care pain observation too...
In this study we present the retrieval of the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from the TanSat observations using the ACOS (Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space) algorithm. The XCO2 product has been validated with col...
Quantum machine learning is a promising application of quantum computing for data classification. However, most of the previous research focused on binary classification, and there are few studies on multi-classification. The major challenge comes fr...
Dust aerosols have significant impact on the environment and climate through long-range transport. We report, in this paper, a case of dust–cloud interaction process using combined measurements of a ground-based polarization and Raman (PR) lidar syst...
In this paper, we construct optimal repeated measurement designs of two treatments for estimating direct effects, and we examine the case of compound symmetry dependency. We present the model and the design that minimizes the variance of the estimate...
The microlensing technique is a unique method to hunt for cold planets over a range of mass and separation, orbiting all varieties of host stars in the disk of our galaxy. It provides precise mass-ratio and projected separations in units of the Einst...
A new dual-frequency Doppler polarimetric cloud radar (DDCR), working at 35-GHz (Ka-band radar, wavelength: 8.6 mm) and 94-GHz (W-band radar, wavelength: 3.2 mm) frequencies, has been in operation at Yangbajing Observatory on the Tibetan Plateau (Chi...
In this paper we present a new method for retrieving tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density (VCD) from zenith-sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements using mobile observations. This method was used during three days in...
Monitoring the atmospheric CO2 columns inside and around a city is of great importance to understand the temporal–spatial variation of XCO2 near strong anthropogenic emissions. In this study, we use two FTIR CO2 column measurements in Beijing (...
Marine processes are observed with sensors from both the ground and space over large spatio-temporal scales. Citizen-based contributions can fill observational gaps and increase environmental stewardship amongst the public. For this purpose, tools an...
Agricultural and hydrological applications could greatly benefit from soil moisture (SM) information at sub-field resolution and (sub-) daily revisit time. However, current operational satellite missions provide soil moisture information at either lo...
While we encounter sticky liquids in our daily life and are able to discriminate between them, instrumental measurements of stickiness are difficult to match to those that relate to our perception. In this paper, we examine some of the factors that i...
In recent decades, considerable research has been carried out both in measuring and modelling the brightness of the sky. Modelling is highly complex, as the properties of light emission (spatial and spectral distribution) are generally unknown, and t...
Knowledge of ionospheric plasma altitudinal distribution is crucial for the effective operation of radio wave propagation, communication, and navigation systems. High-frequency sounding radars—ionosondes—provide unbiased benchmark measure...
The skills of CODAR SeaSonde coastal high-frequency radars (HFR) located in the West Iberian Peninsula on measuring wave parameters are compared to in situ (buoy) and satellite altimeters (SA) wave observations. Significant wave heights (SWH), wave p...
Multiwavelength radar observations have demonstrated great potential in improving microphysical retrievals of cloud properties especially in ice and snow precipitation systems. Advancements in spaceborne radar technology have already fostered the lau...
Fluctuations in illumination are one of the major sources for SIF retrieval errors during temporal continuous field measurements. In this study, we propose a method for evaluating the quality of SIF based on simultaneous measurements of photosyntheti...
In this work, column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4) and carbon monoxide (XCO) are presented for the first time at a mid-latitude urban station, Thessaloniki, Greece, using the Bruker EM27/SUN ground-based low...
The objective was to validate the carbon monoxide (CO) total column product inferred from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) full-mission (2003–2011) short-wave infrared (SWIR) nadir observations using t...
30 January 2021
Responsive caregiving is the dimension of parenting most consistently related to later child functioning in both developing and developed countries. There is a growing need for efficient, psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate measurement...
We used ground-based ionosonde observations at Ganzi (31.2° N, 100.4° E) to validate the COSMIC measurement in the middle latitude region of China during low solar activity. First, eligible data pairs from two kinds of techniques were selecte...
Sea waves constitute a natural phenomenon with a great impact on human activities, and their monitoring is essential for meteorology, coastal safety, navigation, and renewable energy from the sea. Therefore, the main measurement techniques for their...
In this paper, a new inversion procedure for cloud effective emissivity retrievals using a combined ground-based infrared cloud measuring instrument with ceilometer was developed. A quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis of the proposed me...
Ground-based microwave radiometers are increasingly used in operational meteorology and nowcasting. These instruments continuously measure the spectra of downwelling atmospheric radiation in the range 20–60 GHz used for the retrieval of tropospheric...
In this study, a low-cost, software-defined Global Positioning System (GPS) and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Reflectometry (GPS&SBAS-R) system has been built and proposed to measure ocean-surface wave parameters on board the researc...
Electromagnetic (EM) surveys play a significant role in mineral exploration. However, the EM method often faces limitations when investigating minerals in areas covered by rivers, lakes, or other water bodies. This paper introduces audio magnetotellu...
In the context of the Atmosphere Observing System (AOS) international program, a new-generation spaceborne lidar is expected to be in polar orbit for deriving new observations of aerosol and clouds. In this work, we analyze the added values of these...
Background: In the regeneration and therapy of degenerated intervertebral discs, the height, volume or categorizing assessments, such as Pfirrmann classification, are used to quantify the discs themselves and the effects of therapy. Here, the questio...
Accurately estimating shrub biomass in arid and semi-arid regions is critical for understanding ecosystem productivity and carbon stocks at both local and global scales. Due to the short and sparse features of shrubs, capturing the shrub biomass accu...
Grasslands provide essential forage sources for global livestock production. Remote sensing approaches have been widely used to estimate the biomass production of grasslands from regional to global scales, but simultaneously mapping the forage biomas...
Egypt experiences high rates of air pollution, which is a major threat to human health and the eco-environment and therefore needs to be tackled by defining major causes to hinder or mitigate their impacts. The major driving forces of air pollution a...
Quantum network correlations are crucial for long-distance quantum communication, quantum cryptography, and distributed quantum computing. Detecting network steering is particularly challenging in complex network structures. We have studied the steer...
The consensus regarding quantum measurements rests on two statements: (i) von Neumann’s standard quantum measurement theory leaves undetermined the basis in which observables are measured, and (ii) the environmental decoherence of the measuring...
For space-based atmospheric wind measurements, full-link simulation is critical for the optimization of the instrument indicators and the evaluation of the measurements’ performance. This paper presents observation simulations and error verific...
Many of the most fundamental observables—position, momentum, phase point, and spin direction—cannot be measured by an instrument that obeys the orthogonal projection postulate. Continuous-in-time measurements provide the missing theoretic...
We study the compatibility (or joint measurability) of quantum observables in a setting where the experimenter has access to multiple copies of a given quantum system, rather than performing the experiments on each individual copy separately. We intr...
Dynamic observers are commonly used in feedback loops to estimate the system’s states from available control inputs and measured outputs. The presence of measurement noise degrades the performance of the observer and consequently degrades the perform...
With the continuous development of smart distribution networks, their observable problems have become more serious. Research on the optimal placement of the distribution phasor measurement unit (D-PMU) is an important way to improve the measurability...
It is well known that the measurement of cloud top height (CTH) is important, and a geostationary satellite is an important measurement method. However, it is difficult for a single geostationary satellite to observe the global CTH, so joint observat...
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is committed to developing quality open standards for the global geospatial community, thus enhancing the interoperability of geographic information. In the domain of sensor networks, the Sensor Web Enablement (SW...
Real-time monitoring of the power system by phasor measurement units (PMUs) leads to the development of such devices in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). However, the power system observability cannot be obtained by employing only PMUs. The comm...
Phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology is a need of the power system due to its better resolution than conventional estimation devices used for wide-area monitoring. PMUs can provide synchronized phasor and magnitude of voltage and current measurem...
A highly accurate two-color interferometer with automatic correction of the refractive index of air was developed for crustal strain observation. The two-color interferometer, which can measure a geometrical distance of approximately 70 m, with a rel...
It is well known that in a Kalman filtering framework, all sensor observations or measurements contribute toward improving the accuracy of state estimation, but, as observations become older, their impact toward improving estimations becomes smaller...
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