81 Results Found

Severe forms of anorexia nervosa are responsible for weight loss and life-threatening consequences. Refeeding represents a real psychiatric and somatic challenge. Physical activities are usually not recommended during intensive refeeding in order to...

Despite newly available therapies for acute stroke and innovative prevention strategies, stroke remains the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost worldwide, mostly because more than half of stroke survivors aged 65 and ov...

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated muscles, leading to pain, restricted jaw movement, and impaired quality of life. Conventional treatments, including ph...

The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes following intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in patients with recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation, with and without muscle hyperactivity due to neurological disease...

Exercise intolerance may be considered a hallmark in patients who suffer from heart failure (HF) syndrome. Currently, there is enough scientific evidence regarding functional and structural deterioration of skeletal musculature in these patients. It...

Modern technology for diagnosis and treatment planning in the management of craniomandibular disorders is described. Three cases are presented to demonstrate how myofunctional therapy is used to (1) stop the damaging hyperactivity of masticatory and...

The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal hand and cranial dystonias are well-established. Studies of these adult-onset focal dystonias reveal both shared features, such as the dystonic phenotype of muscle hyperactivity an...

Facial palsy (FP) is a nerve disorder causing unilateral facial muscle paralysis, impacting facial symmetry and non-verbal communication. This case study describes two idiopathic FP patients treated with physiotherapy and inhibitory kinesiotape (KT)...

Background: Autosomal recessive inherited pathogenetic variants in the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) gene are responsible for an axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy associated with neuromyotonia, a phenomenon resulting from p...

Leucine supplementation potentiates the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on skeletal muscle; however, its potential effects associated with AET on cardiac muscle have not been clarified yet. We tested whether leucine supplementation would...

Lbx1 plays important roles in different processes, including the development of sensory pathways, neuronal cell fate regulation, and muscle cell precursor migration. Genetic variation in the LBX1 locus has been associated with several human disease c...

When botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is injected to treat glabellar frown lines, the corrugator supercilia muscle (CSM) and procerus muscles are the main targets. Although there have been many studies on the treatment of glabellar frown lines, no study h...

Despite the potential biological importance of the sympathetic nervous system on fat and skeletal muscle metabolism in animal and in vitro studies, its relevance in humans remains undetermined. To clarify the influence of catecholamine excess on huma...

The role of rectus femoris (RF) muscle during walking was analyzed through musculoskeletal models to understand the effects of muscle weakness and hyperactivity. Such understanding is fundamental when dealing with pathological gait, but the contribut...

Background: Drug treatments for gait disorders in post-stroke patients aim to reduce muscular hyperactivity. The analysis of muscle activity is essential to help clinicians understand these disorders. This study aimed to quantify changes in muscle sy...

Food colourants are widely used additives classified as either synthetic or natural. In recent years, consumers have increasingly favoured natural options, considering them safer and potentially beneficial due to their nutritional properties. This st...

Introduction: Wind instrumentalists like clarinetists, may present a muscular hyperactivity on certain groups of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex, due to their musical activity. Therefore, the use of infrared thermography can be used to assess a...

A gummy smile, defined as excessive gingival exposure while smiling, is an esthetic and functional condition affecting an individual’s quality of life. Despite its prevalence and impact, the classification and treatment of the gummy smile remai...

This paper reviews the current and most neurological (central nervous system, CNS) uses of the botulinum neurotoxin type A. The effect of these toxins at neuromuscular junction lends themselves to neurological diseases of muscle overactivity, particu...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent inhibitors of synaptic vesicle fusion and transmitter release. The natural target of BoNTs is the peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where, by blocking the release of acetylcholine (ACh), they functionall...

A longitudinal, analytical, and treatment oriented case study is presented describing the effects of a medication-induced impairment of neurological function. The subject is an elderly, Caucasian, female whose presenting symptoms included spasmodic e...

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading form of inherited intellectual disability and autism, is characterized by specific musculoskeletal conditions. We hypothesized that gait analysis in FXS could be relevant for the evaluation of motor control of ga...

Background: Deep bite, a frequent malocclusion with a high relapse rate, is associated with craniofacial features that need to be considered in the course of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This study included 81 patients with deep bite malocclusion...

Speer allergic tension-fatigue syndrome (SATFS) is a classic allergy syndrome characterized by allergy-like symptoms, muscle tension, headaches, chronic fatigue, and other particular behaviors that were initially described in the fifties. The particu...

A gradual increase in rat soleus muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity is known to occur after 3–4 days of hindlimb suspension/unloading (HS). The physiological significance and mechanisms of such activity of motoneurons under unloading conditions...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an anaerobic rod-shaped-neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, that has both therapeutic and lethal applications. BoNT injection is the most popular cosmetic procedure worldwide with various applications. Patients wit...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was used for the treatment of strabismus, however, nowadays, BoNT has multip...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, which increase the risk of overactive bladder (OAB), characterized by urgency, frequency, urge incontinence, and nocturi...

The present study attempts to elucidate whether autophagy alters bladder angiogenesis, decreases inflammatory response, and ameliorates bladder hyperactivity—thereby influencing bladder function in ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC). In our methodology,...

Stress and depression increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) development. Evidence demonstrates that the Glucocorticoid (GC) negative feedback is impaired (GC resistance) in T2D patients resulting in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hype...

Recent animal experiments suggested that centrally transported botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) might reduce an abnormal muscle tone, though with an unknown contribution to the dominant peripheral muscular effect observed clinically. Herein, we examin...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is applied in muscle hyperactivity disorders and injected into affected muscles, producing deep and persistent muscle relaxation. Several multidisciplinary groups investigated the treatment of temporomandibular disorders...

After a stroke, antagonist muscle activation during agonist command impedes movement. This study compared measurements of antagonist muscle activation using surface bipolar EMG in the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and high-density (HD) EMG in the GM an...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are toxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, the causing agent for botulism, in different serotypes, seven of which (A–G) are well characterized, while others, such as H or FA, are still debated. BoNT...

Background/Objectives: Bruxism is a prevalent parafunctional activity that induces masticatory muscle hypertrophy and physiological mandibular bone alterations. While botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections effectively reduce muscle hyperactivity,...

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a toxin produced by the naturally-occurring Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism. The potential of BoNT/A as a useful medical intervention was discovered by scientists developing a vaccine to protect against b...

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common musculoskeletal chronic orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization within trigeminal nociceptive pathways, manifesting as mechanical allodynia and functional impairment. Botu...

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent apnea or hypoxia episodes leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and arousals during sleep. Currently, the relationship between SAS and metabolic diseases is being actively a...

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SS-CNS) is a rare condition characterized by a hemosiderin accumulation along the subpial surfaces and arises from an intermittent chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space usually as a result of...

The smile is a characteristic that expresses emotions and affects interpersonal relationships, significantly impacting self-esteem and influencing personal and professional life. The growing emphasis on aesthetics has made patients increasingly well-...

In tinnitus literature, researchers have increasingly been advocating for a clearer distinction between tinnitus perception and tinnitus-related distress. In non-bothersome tinnitus, the perception itself can be more specifically investigated: this h...

Axial postural abnormalities (APAs), characterized by their frequency, disabling nature, and resistance to pharmacological treatments, significantly impact Parkinson’s disease and atypical Parkinsonism patients. Despite advancements in diagnosi...

Background: Two decades ago, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type A was introduced to the commercial market. Subsequently, the toxin was approved by the FDA to address several neurological syndromes, involving muscle, nerve, and gland hyperactivity. Thes...

Novel 1-(1,4-alkylaryldisubstituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazo)-3-substituted urea derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their central nervous system activity. Compounds 3a–m were prepared in the reaction between the respective 1-alkyl-4-ar...

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve the presence of pain or dysfunction on certain areas of the Cranio-Cervico-Mandibular Complex (CCMC), such as the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures...

Introduction: Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging modality capable of rapidly capturing surface temperature variation. In dentistry, particularly orthodontics and TMD evaluation, IRT may serve as a valuable complementa...

This study explores low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT)’s efficacy in alleviating detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility (DHIC) induced by ovarian hormone deficiency (OHD) in ovariectomized rats. The rats were c...

Clinical studies indicate that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop hyperinflammation, which correlates with increased mortality. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-dependent inflammation is thought to occur via increased cytokine production and hyperactiv...

Currently, concern about facial attractiveness is increasing, and this fact has led to orthodontics in adult patients being an increasingly demanded treatment, and with it, multi-disciplinary work. When it is caused by a vertical excess of the maxill...

Botulinum toxin A (Botox) had been considered a promising drug that has an effect on functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Because Botox exhibits anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects, Botox injection into the bladder can decrease de...