Substantial breakthroughs in renewable energy have been made in order to reduce energy-induced climate change. Yet our reliance on these sources is still insufficient. The UK’s objective of attaining net-zero emissions by 2050 is highly depende...
The objective of this work is to analyze and compare AC microgrid (ACMG) solutions to introduce the topic to new researchers. The methodology used to achieve this goal is a systematic literature review using five questions: (1) How have ACMGs evolved...
The microgrid concept has evolved from the humble origins of simple remote electrification applications in rural environments to complex architectures. Microgrids are key enablers to the integration of higher penetrations of renewables in the energy...
The expansion of renewable energies is progressing strongly. The influence on the power supply networks by the variability of the infeed must be met with new concepts. In this paper, we investigate the possibilities of integrating microgrids as a coo...
A microgrid is a set of decentralized loads and electricity sources, mainly renewable. It can operate connected to and synchronized with a traditional wide-area synchronous grid, i.e., a macrogrid, but can also be disconnected to operate in “island m...
With the explosion in energy consumption demand, the deep penetration of renewable energy into the grid is inevitable and has become trend across the world today. Microgrids with integrated renewable energy are the core components of smart grids and...
Microgrids face significant challenges due to the unpredictability of distributed generation (DG) technologies and fluctuating load demands. These challenges result in complex power management systems characterised by voltage/frequency variations and...
A microgrid can be partitioned into several autonomous sub-microgrids in case of multiple faults in natural disasters. How to guarantee the supply adequacy of critical loads in sub-microgrids is a problem that should be considered at the planning sta...
Microgrids (MGs) and networked (interconnected) microgrids (NMGs) are emerging as an efficient way for integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into power distribution systems. MGs and NMGs can disconnect from the main grid and operate autonom...
Microgrids are an emerging technology that offers many benefits compared with traditional power grids, including increased reliability, reduced energy costs, improved energy security, environmental benefits, and increased flexibility. However, severa...
The increasing integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation has led to new challenges in maintaining power system stability. This work presents a novel approach to wide-area damping control (WADC) for clustered microgrids, addre...
Even though many studies have been deployed to determine the optimal planning and operation of microgrids, limited research was discussed to determine the optimal microgrids’ geographical boundaries. This paper proposes a zonal-based optimal mi...
Microgrids have become increasingly popular in recent years due to technological improvements, growing recognition of their benefits, and diminishing costs. By clustering distributed energy resources, microgrids can effectively integrate renewable en...
Over the past few decades, many universities have turned to using microgrid systems because of their dependability, security, flexibility, and less reliance on the primary grid. Microgrids on campuses face challenges in the instability of power produ...
Non-wires alternatives and microgrid technologies are maturing and present great opportunities for electric utilities to increase the benefits they offer to their customers. They have the potential to decrease the cost of resolving traditional electr...
This paper is the companion paper of Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia “Part I: scaling and sustainability challenges and a technology outlook”. This part II investigates the issues of photovoltaic (PV) systems with respect to the plan...
A networked microgrid is composed of multiple nearby microgrids linked together to gain additional flexibility for resilient operations. Networked microgrids collaborate to prevent power shortages in microgrid clusters by sharing critical renewable a...
The dynamic features of microgrid operation, such as on-grid/off-grid operation mode, the intermittency of distributed generators, and its dynamic topology due to its ability to reconfigure itself, cause misfiring of conventional protection schemes....
To sustain the complexity of growing demand, the conventional grid (CG) is incorporated with communication technology like advanced metering with sensors, demand response (DR), energy storage systems (ESS), and inclusion of electric vehicles (EV). In...
Microgrids usually employ distributed energy resources such as wind turbines, solar photovoltaic modules, etc. When multiple distributed generation resources with different features are used in microgrids, managing these resources becomes an importan...
In this paper, the cyber-security of smart microgrids is thoroughly discussed. In smart grids, the cyber system and physical process are tightly coupled. Due to the cyber system’s vulnerabilities, any cyber incidents can have economic and physi...
The article presents an overview of knowledge in the field of energy microgrids as smart structures enabling energy self-sufficiency, with particular emphasis on decarbonisation. Based on a review of the literature and technical solutions, the charac...
Microgrids are growing in importance in the Smart Grid paradigm for power systems. Microgrid security is becoming crucial since these systems increasingly rely on information and communication technologies. Many technologies have been proposed in the...
This article deals with the optimization of the operation of hybrid microgrids. Both the problem of controlling the management of load sharing between the different generators and energy storage and possible solutions for the integration of the micro...
The Special Issue on “Integration of AC/DC Microgrids into Power Grids” is published. A total of six qualified papers are published in this Special Issue. The topics of the papers are the Optimal Power Flow (OPF), control, protection, and...
Microgrids have been proposed as a solution to the growing deterioration of traditional electrical power systems and the energy transition towards renewable sources. One of the most important aspects of the efficient operation of a microgrid is its t...
Microgrids have emerged as a feasible solution for consumers, comprising Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and local loads within a smaller geographical area. They are capable of operating either autonomously or in coordination with the main power...
Solar PV and wind energy are the most important renewable energy sources after hydroelectric energy with regard to installed capacity, research spending and attaining grid parity. These sources, including battery energy storage systems, and well-esta...
The development of microgrids is of great interest to facilitate the integration of distributed generation in electricity networks, improving the sustainability of energy production. Microgrids in DC (DC-MG) provide advantages for the use of some typ...
One of the most important requirements of microgrid operation is to maintain a constant frequency such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is closely related to a power balance between supply and demand. In general, microgrids are connected to power grids and s...
This paper provides an overview of islanding fault detection in microgrids. Islanding fault is a condition in which the microgrid gets disconnected from the microgrid unintentionally due to any fault in the utility grid. This paper surveys the extens...
Optimal scheduling is a requirement for microgrids to participate in current and future energy markets. Although the number of research articles on this subject is on the rise, there is a shortage of papers containing detailed mathematical modeling o...
Solid State Transformers (SST) may become, in the near future, key technological enablers for decentralized energy supply systems. They have the potential to unleash new technologies and operation strategies of microgrids and prosumers to move faster...
The increased intensity and frequency of natural disasters have attracted the attention of researchers in the power sector to enhance the resilience of power systems. Microgrids are considered as a potential solution to enhance the resilience of powe...
Within a distributed generation (DG) system, microgrids (MGs) are an alternative approach that may provide both resiliency and efficiency benefits. In this review, an analysis of both research and industrial documents was done. In order to establish...
At sea, the electrical power system of a ship can be considered as an islanded microgrid. When connected to shore power at berth, the same power system acts as a grid connected microgrid or an extension of the grid. Therefore, ship microgrids show so...
In this paper, we propose a framework for optimal energy scheduling combined with a transaction mechanism to enable multiple microgrids to exchange their energy surplus/deficit with others while the distributed networks of microgrids remain secure. O...
The issue of frequency stability of microgrids under islanded operation mode and mode transfer has attracted particular attention recently. In this paper, a cooperative frequency control method, which consists of a microgrid central control (MGCC) an...
Operation scheduling in electric power grids is one of the most practical optimization problems as it sets a target for the efficient management of the electric power supply and demand. Advancement of a method to solve this issue is crucially require...
We propose an optimal electric energy management of a cooperative multi-microgrid community with sequentially coordinated operations. The sequentially coordinated operations are suggested to distribute computational burden and yet to make the optimal...
This paper provides a thorough examination of various techniques for sharing active power between multiple dispatchable generation sources distributed within an interconnected microgrid. Ideally, an interconnected microgrid should function as a consi...
Microgrids that are integrated with distributed energy resources (DERs) provide many benefits, including high power quality, energy efficiency and low carbon emissions, to the power grid. Microgrids are operated either in grid-connected or island mod...
There is a growing interest in the application of microgrids around the world because of their potential for achieving a flexible, reliable, efficient and smart electrical grid system and supplying energy to off-grid communities, including their econ...
Seaports are well known as the medium that has evolved into the central link between sea and land for complex marine activities. The growth in maritime logistics particularly necessitates a large volume of energy supply in order to maintain the opera...
Due to the high penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) and emerging DER interconnection and interoperability requirements, fast and standardized information exchange is essential for stable, resilient, and reliable operations in microgrids...
As the population of urban areas continues to grow, and construction of multi-unit developments surges in response, building energy use demand has increased accordingly and solutions are needed to offset electricity used from the grid. Renewable ener...
Transactive energy is a novel approach for energy management and trading, which can be used in microgrids to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in existing networks. The key feature in transactive energy is using market...
This paper presents a computer application to assist in decisions about sustainability enhancement due to the effect of shifting demand from less favorable periods to periods that are more convenient for the operation of a microgrid. Specifically, as...
This study aims to review the energy management of microgrids with a structured focus on residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Building on early optimization and control strategies, this study synthesizes advances in forecasting, unce...
When microgrids operate autonomously, they must curtail the surplus of renewable energy sources (RES) while minimising reliance on gas. However, when interconnected, microgrids can collaboratively minimise RES curtailment and gas consumption due to t...
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