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Energies
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Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control
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Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 18218

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MI 63130, USA-4899
Interests: control theory; control applications in power systems; microgrid control; constrained control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are currently running a Special Issue on “Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control” for the SCIE-indexed open access journal Energies (ISSN 1996-1073, IF: 2.707).

Microgrids are defined as a cluster of loads, distributed energy resources, and storage devices, which are receiving worldwide attention owing to the increasing rate of consumption of nuclear and fossil fuels and the community demand for reducing pollutant emission in electricity generation fields.

The control functional requirements of a microgrid are: 1) regulation of voltage and frequency within limits, 2) active and reactive power balance and proper communication among resources, 3) seamless transition between grid-connected and islanded modes of operation, 4) economic dispatch of the resources, and 5) power flow control among microgrid components. Although many schemes and approaches have been proposed for each of the mentioned functions, possible faults and failures in any of the components of microgrids can severely affect the performance, applicability, optimality, and robustness of the proposed schemes, such that they are no longer suitable or even feasible/admissible. This means that the control schemes must be adapted appropriately to treat faults and failures in the components of microgrids.

This Special Issue aims at presenting the latest developments, trends, research solutions, and applications of fault-tolerant control to engineering problems in implementation and utilization of microgrids. We invite researchers to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate continuing efforts to improve the current state-of-the-art in the aforementioned fields.

Dr. Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fault-tolerant power management
  • Fault-tolerant control of generation units (wind system, solar system, battery banks, etc.)
  • Analysis and detection of faults/failures in the components of microgrids
  • Optimality in the presence of faults/failures in the components of microgrids
  • Tolerance towards communication faults/failures in microgrids
  • Constrained control of microgrids in the presence of faults/failures
  • Fault detection and isolation in microgrids
  • Fault-tolerant voltage control
  • Fault-tolerant frequency control
  • Islanding fault detection.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 10438 KiB  
Editorial
Fault-Tolerant Control for Microgrids—Recent Developments and Future Directions
by Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8522; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228522 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 900
Abstract
Microgrids are defined as a cluster of loads, distributed energy resources, and storage devices, and they are receiving worldwide attention due to the increasing rate of consumption of nuclear and fossil fuels and the community demand for reducing pollutant emission in electricity generation [...] Read more.
Microgrids are defined as a cluster of loads, distributed energy resources, and storage devices, and they are receiving worldwide attention due to the increasing rate of consumption of nuclear and fossil fuels and the community demand for reducing pollutant emission in electricity generation fields [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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Research

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14 pages, 2754 KiB  
Article
Higher Order Sliding Mode Observer-Based Sensor Fault Detection in DC Microgrid’s Buck Converter
by Daijiry Narzary and Kalyana C. Veluvolu
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1586; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061586 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Fault detection in a Direct Current (DC) microgrid with multiple interconnections of distributed generation units (DGUs) is an interesting topic of research. The occurrence of any sensor fault in the DC microgrid should be detected immediately by the fault detection network to achieve [...] Read more.
Fault detection in a Direct Current (DC) microgrid with multiple interconnections of distributed generation units (DGUs) is an interesting topic of research. The occurrence of any sensor fault in the DC microgrid should be detected immediately by the fault detection network to achieve an overall stable performance of the system. This work focuses on sensor fault diagnosis of voltage and current sensors in interconnected DGUs of the microgrid. Two separate higher order sliding mode observers (HOSM) based on model dynamics are designed to estimate the voltage and current and generate the residuals for detecting the faulty sensors in DGUs. Multiplicative single and multiple sensor faults are considered in voltage and current sensors. By appropriate selection of threshold, single and multiple sensor fault detection strategies are formulated. A hierarchical controller is designed to ensure equal sharing of current among the DGUs of the DC microgrid and stabilize the system. Simulations are performed to validate the proposed approach for various configurations of the DC microgrid under various load and off noise conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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28 pages, 12118 KiB  
Article
Passive Fault-Tolerant Control Strategies for Power Converter in a Hybrid Microgrid
by Saeedreza Jadidi, Hamed Badihi and Youmin Zhang
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5625; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215625 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3017
Abstract
Control of AC/DC pulse-width modulation (PWM) power electronic converter, referred to as “AC/DC PWM converter”, is vital to the efficient regulation of power flow between AC and DC parts of a hybrid microgrid. Given the importance of such converters in AC/DC microgrids, this [...] Read more.
Control of AC/DC pulse-width modulation (PWM) power electronic converter, referred to as “AC/DC PWM converter”, is vital to the efficient regulation of power flow between AC and DC parts of a hybrid microgrid. Given the importance of such converters in AC/DC microgrids, this paper investigates the design of fault-tolerant control for AC/DC PWM converters in the presence of microgrid faults. In particular, two novel fault-tolerant schemes based on fuzzy logic and model predictive control are proposed and implemented in an advanced hybrid microgrid benchmark in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The considered hybrid microgrid consists of dynamic loads and distributed energy resources including solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, and battery energy storage systems. The proposed schemes especially target the fault effects due to common power-loss malfunctions in solar photovoltaic arrays in the presence of microgrid uncertainties and disturbances. The effectiveness of proposed fault-tolerant control schemes is demonstrated and compared under realistic fault scenarios in the hybrid microgrid benchmark. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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19 pages, 6342 KiB  
Article
A Photovoltaic-Fed Z-Source Inverter Motor Drive with Fault-Tolerant Capability for Rural Irrigation
by Vivek Sharma, M. J. Hossain, S. M. Nawazish Ali and Muhammad Kashif
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4630; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184630 - 06 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1981
Abstract
In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as economical solutions for irrigation systems in rural areas. However, they are characterized by low voltage output and less reliable configurations. To address this issue in this paper, a promising inverter configuration called Impedance (Z)-source [...] Read more.
In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as economical solutions for irrigation systems in rural areas. However, they are characterized by low voltage output and less reliable configurations. To address this issue in this paper, a promising inverter configuration called Impedance (Z)-source inverter (ZSI) is designed and implemented to obtain high voltage output with single-stage power conversion, particularly suitable for irrigation application. An improved and efficient modulation scheme and design specifications of the network parameters are derived. Additionally, a suitable fault-tolerant strategy is developed and implemented to improve reliability and efficiency. It incorporates an additional redundant leg with an improved control strategy to facilitate the fault-tolerant operation. The proposed fault-tolerant circuit is designed to handle switch failures of the inverter modules due to the open-circuit and short-circuit faults. The relevant simulation and experimental results under normal, faulty and post-fault operation are presented. The post-fault operation characteristics are identical to the normal operation. The motor performance characteristics such as load current, torque, harmonic spectrum, and efficiency are thoroughly analysed to prove the suitability of the proposed system for irrigation applications. This study provides an efficient and economical solution for rural irrigation utilized in developing countries, for example, India. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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Review

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27 pages, 1922 KiB  
Review
Cyber-Security of Smart Microgrids: A Survey
by Farzam Nejabatkhah, Yun Wei Li, Hao Liang and Rouzbeh Reza Ahrabi
Energies 2021, 14(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010027 - 23 Dec 2020
Cited by 80 | Viewed by 6993
Abstract
In this paper, the cyber-security of smart microgrids is thoroughly discussed. In smart grids, the cyber system and physical process are tightly coupled. Due to the cyber system’s vulnerabilities, any cyber incidents can have economic and physical impacts on their operations. In power [...] Read more.
In this paper, the cyber-security of smart microgrids is thoroughly discussed. In smart grids, the cyber system and physical process are tightly coupled. Due to the cyber system’s vulnerabilities, any cyber incidents can have economic and physical impacts on their operations. In power electronics-intensive smart microgrids, cyber-attacks can have much more harmful and devastating effects on their operation and stability due to low inertia, especially in islanded operation. In this paper, the cyber–physical systems in smart microgrids are briefly studied. Then, the cyber-attacks on data availability, integrity, and confidentiality are discussed. Since a false data injection (FDI) attack that compromises the data integrity in the cyber/communication network is one of the most challenging threats for smart microgrids, it is investigated in detail in this paper. Such FDI attacks can target state estimation, voltage and frequency control, and smart microgrids’ protection systems. The economic and physical/technical impacts of the FDI attacks on smart microgrids are also reviewed in this paper. The defensive strategies against FDI attacks are classified into protection strategies, in which selected meter measurements are protected, and detection/mitigation strategies, based on either static or dynamic detection. In this paper, implementation examples of FDI attacks’ construction and detection/mitigation in smart microgrids are provided. Samples of recent cyber-security projects in the world, and critical cyber-security standards of smart grids, are presented. Finally, future trends of cyber-security in smart microgrids are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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28 pages, 730 KiB  
Review
Islanding Fault Detection in Microgrids—A Survey
by Mehdi Hosseinzadeh and Farzad Rajaei Salmasi
Energies 2020, 13(13), 3479; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133479 - 06 Jul 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2747
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of islanding fault detection in microgrids. Islanding fault is a condition in which the microgrid gets disconnected from the microgrid unintentionally due to any fault in the utility grid. This paper surveys the extensive literature concerning the development [...] Read more.
This paper provides an overview of islanding fault detection in microgrids. Islanding fault is a condition in which the microgrid gets disconnected from the microgrid unintentionally due to any fault in the utility grid. This paper surveys the extensive literature concerning the development of islanding fault detection techniques which can be classified into remote and local techniques, where the local techniques can be further classified as passive, active, and hybrid. Various detection methods in each class are studied, and advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. A comprehensive list of references is used to conduct this survey, and opportunities and directions for future research are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrids and Fault-Tolerant Control)
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