This paper makes a critical evaluation of several of the research methods used to investigate the relationship between diet, health, and disease. The two widely used methods are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies. RCTs...
Mechanistic studies on demineralization-remineralization play a critical role in investigating caries pathogenicity, testing effects of new caries prevention methods, and developing new caries-preventing products. Simulating the cariogenic challenges...
Inflammatory incompetence is characteristic of acute pediatric protein-energy malnutrition, but its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Perhaps substantially because the research front lacks the driving force of a scholarly unifying hypothesis, it...
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a complex role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), exerting both protective and pathological effects depending on the context. This review synthesizes findings from the past decade to expl...
Metabolic (bariatric) surgery (MBS) is recommended for individuals with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 or those with a BMI 35–40 kg/m2 who have one or more obesity related comorbidities. MBS leads to greater initial and sustained weight loss than nonsurgical we...
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial lung disease that involves stimulated growth of fibroblasts, over-deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and permanent damage of the lung structure. Among its various forms, idiopathic pulmonary fib...
Glaucoma continues to be one of the primary causes of irreversible blindness worldwide [...]
27 February 2023
Pancreatic enzymes assist metabolic digestion, and hormones like insulin and glucagon play a critical role in maintaining our blood sugar levels. A malignant pancreas is incapable of doing its regular functions, which results in a health catastrophe....
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of progressive disorders characterized by recurrent chronic inflammation of the gut. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn′s disease are the major manifestations of IBD. While our understanding of IBD...
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard “loc...
Zebrafish are increasingly becoming an important model organism for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of human diseases and investigating how these mechanisms can be effectively targeted using compounds that may open avenues to novel treatme...
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is recognized as a promising, environmentally sustainable technology with diverse applications in environmental engineering. A bibliometric analysis of 5373 publications indexed in Web of Sci...
Enfortumab vedotin (EV) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) has led to a new paradigm for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Since the presentation of the results of the EV-302 trial at the European Society of Medical Oncology...
Background/Objectives: Numerical simulation plays an important role in pharmaceutical preparation recently. Mechanistic models, as a type of numerical model, are widely used in the study of pharmaceutical preparations. Mechanistic models are based on...
Predictive modelling of infectious diseases is very important in planning public health policies, particularly during outbreaks. This work reviews the forecasting and mechanistic models published earlier. It is emphasized that researchers’ fore...
Radiobiological modelling has been a key part of radiation biology and therapy for many decades, and many aspects of clinical practice are guided by tools such as the linear-quadratic model. However, most of the models in regular clinical use are abs...
Emerging research demonstrates that exercise, including both acute and chronic exercise, may influence episodic memory function. To date, mechanistic explanations of this effect are often attributed to alterations in long-term potentiation, neurotrop...
Understanding and addressing dehumanization in healthcare is crucial due to its profound impact on patient care, ethical implications on patient dignity and autonomy, and its potential to affect the psychological well-being of healthcare professional...
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other pulmonary conditions. Chronic CO2 retention, or hypercapnia, also occur in some of these patients. Both muscle dysfunction and hypercapnia as...
The oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl products is an important organic transformation and the products are used in a variety of applications. The development of catalytic methods for selective alcohol oxidation have garnered signifi...
Reducing inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use by using effective non-antibiotic treatments is one strategy to prevent and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees, Pelargonium sidoides DC., Echinacea specie...
Background and Objectives: Biological and mechanistic data can support observational evidence to aid causal inference. The substantial body of available epidemiological evidence on the role of diet, nutrition, physical activity, and body weight and c...
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contributes substantially to the volume of recycled waste in the world. This research aims to evaluate the mechanistic performance of asphalt concrete with 100% RAP (RAP-AC) modified with natural hemp fiber (HF) reinf...
Rate of penetration (ROP) is crucial for evaluating drilling efficiency, with accurate prediction essential for enhancing performance and optimizing parameters. In practice, complex and variable downhole environments pose significant challenges for m...
The booming development of neural network algorithms has shifted the research focus in the field of construction project management from causal investigation to statistical approximation and hence from mechanistic models to empirical models. This pap...
Road networks are major infrastructures that support the economic development in both developed and developing countries. Bottom ash (BA) is a by-product from coal-fired powerplants, which is composed of a lipophilic molecule with effective reactivit...
Enzyme kinetics is fundamental across diverse fields—from enzymology and medicine to biocatalysis and metabolic engineering. Analyses of enzyme kinetics provide insights into catalytic rates, substrate affinities, inhibition patterns, productiv...
Photosynthesis is a process that indicates the productivity of crops. The estimation of this variable can be achieved through methods based on mathematical models. Mathematical models are usually classified as empirical, mechanistic, and hybrid. To m...
The special issue “Enterotoxins: Microbial Proteins and Host Cell Dysregulation” is comprised of research articles and reviews covering a diverse group of toxins that affect the gut and dysregulate host immune response in mechanistically different wa...
Iraqi soil contamination greatly influenced soil detachment. Previous researchers have not been able to predict the influence of crude oil soil contamination on either the mechanistic dimensional detachment parameter b0 or the threshold parameter b1...
Background: The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in metabolic and immune homeostasis through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These metabolites influence mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle energetics, epithelial barrier stabili...
The past two decades have seen the reemergence of research investigating the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs across neuropsychiatric illnesses. One condition, alcohol use disorder (AUD), is of relevance given the broad public health implic...
Over the last decade, the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) has increased, with a change in the frequency of causative bacteria. Early evidence has substantially demonstrated the crucial role of bacterial interaction with human platelets, with...
Only a single enzyme system—nitrogenase—carries out the conversion of atmospheric N2 into bioavailable ammonium, an essential prerequisite for all organismic life. The reduction of this inert substrate at ambient conditions poses unique c...
Background: Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can be caused by the effect of a pharmaceutical compound on the activity of one or more subtypes of the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and/or transpor...
Objective: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, childhood and adolescent obesity, and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), and examines the metabolic, inflamma...
Dietary guidelines should be underpinned by high-quality evidence. Quality assessment methods that reflect traditional evidence hierarchies prioritise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Hierarchies of Evidence Applied to Lifestyle...
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been implicated as possible risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Persistent lifelong HHVs infections may directly or indirectly contribute to the generation of AD hallmarks: amyloid beta (A&beta...
Cocktail-type catalysis represents a significant shift in the understanding of catalytic processes, recognizing that multiple interconverting species—such as metal complexes, clusters, and nanoparticles—can coexist and cooperate within a...
This Special Issue includes manuscripts on mechanistic understanding, development, and implementation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in water and wastewater treatment. The main goal was succ...
The tumor suppressor BRCA2 functions as a central caretaker of genome stability, and individuals who carry BRCA2 mutations are predisposed to breast, ovarian, and other cancers. Recent research advanced our mechanistic understanding of BRCA2 and its...
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in groundwater poses significant risks to human health and environmental sustainability. Iron–manganese minerals and associated microorganisms in subsurface environments exhibit remarkable potential f...
Cold in-place recycling (CIR) of asphalt pavements is a process that has successfully been used for many years. The use of CIR for rehabilitation offers many advantages over traditional overlays due to its excellent resistance to reflective cracking...
International studies have linked the consumption of ultra-processed foods with a variety of non-communicable diseases. Included in this growing body of research is evidence linking ultra-processed foods to mental disorders, aggression, and antisocia...
Epilepsy is increasingly conceptualized as a disorder of large-scale network instability, involving impairments in interhemispheric connectivity, prefrontal inhibitory control, and slow-frequency temporal processing. Rhythmic sensory stimulation&mdas...
Permanent deformation is one of the dominant asphalt concrete damages. Significant progress has been made to realistically predict the damage. In the last decade, the mechanistic approach has been the focus of research, and the fundamental theories o...
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that initiates melanin synthesis in humans. Excessive accumulation of melanin pigments or the overexpression of tyrosinase may result in skin-related disorders such as aging spots, wrin...
Progress in establishing environmental risk factors and, consequently, prophylactic measures for glial tumors, particularly for glioblastomas, is of utmost importance, considering the dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. This report survey...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is responsible for the high prevalence of various nosocomial infections, and it is challenging to completely eradicate P. aeruginosa infection in clinics. One of P. aeruginosa’s main pathogenic mechanisms...
Since the first endocannabinoid anandamide was identified in 1992, extensive research has been conducted to characterize the elements of the tightly controlled endocannabinoid signaling system. While it was established that the activity of endocannab...
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