52,792 Results Found

This paper extends the evaluation of direct and indirect treatment effects, i.e., mediation analysis, to the case that outcomes are only partially observed due to sample selection or outcome attrition. We assume sequential conditional independence of...

Radiative effects of absorbing black carbon and mineral dust aerosols are estimated from global aerosol climate model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures as a boundary condition. Semi-direct effects are approximated as the residual betwee...

Plant essential oils (EOs) are gaining interest as biopesticides for crop protection. EOs have been recognized as important ingredients of plant protection products including insecticidal, acaricidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal agents. Considering t...

Climate change can influence infectious disease dynamics both directly, by affecting the disease ecology, and indirectly, through altering economic systems. However, despite that climate-driven human plague dynamics have been extensively studied in r...

Cross-Over Designs or Repeated Measurements Designs are experimental designs in which treatments (e.g., medicines, fertilizers, diets) are applied to experimental units (usually humans) in different time periods. A common problem is to find the distr...

We assess the 40-year climatological clear-sky global direct radiative effect (DRE) of five main aerosol types using the MERRA-2 reanalysis and a spectral radiative transfer model (FORTH). The study takes advantage of aerosol-speciated, spectrally an...

(1) Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe intervention, only producing mild and transient adverse effects (AEs). However, there is no detailed analysis of the pattern of adverse effects in an application transferable to...

In the atmosphere, aerosols play an important role in climate change, the Earth’s environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on weather forecasting, focusing on the Iberian Pen...

The direct radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols are essential for climate, as well as for other societal areas, such as the energy sector. The goal of the present study is to exploit the newly developed ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS) dataset for qua...

This study examined the impact of foreign SO2 emission changes on the aerosol direct radiative effects (ADRE) in South Korea. Simulations that applied basic emissions (BASE) and simulations that applied reduced SO2 emissions from foreign sources (R_F...

This paper estimates the direct and indirect effects of agriculture on health and nutrition using nationally representative survey data collected by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics in 1994, 1997, 2005 and 2015. The models estimated serve as e...

In the present study, the all-sky Dust Direct Radiative Effect (DDRE) is estimated during intense Dust Aerosol (DA) episodes that took place from 2005 to 2018 over the broader Mediterranean Basin (MB). DA episodes are identified using a satellite alg...

Introduction: The new direct acting antivirals (DAA) have demonstrated low rates of adverse effects in controlled studies. However, real world-studies have disclosed emerging toxicities and drug-drug interactions in special populations. Methods: We c...

A statistical approach for the characterization of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes is presented in this paper. Design of Experiments (DOE) and ANalysis of VAriance (ANOVA), both based on Nested Effects Modeling (NEM) technique, are adopted to a...

The timing of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is essential for enhancing motor skill learning. Previously, tDCS, before or concurrently, with motor training was evaluated in healthy volunteers or elderly patients, but the optimal timin...

Against the backdrop of unprecedented global FDI volatility—with flows declining 34.7% in 2020 and a further 12% in 2022—and China experiencing its first sustained capital outflow since reform, with foreign enterprises withdrawing over US...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of toolpath patterns, geometry types, and layering effects on the mechanical properties of parts manufactured by direct energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing using data analysis and mac...

The overarching goal of the current study is to quantify the aerosol-induced clear-sky direct radiative effects (DREs) within the Earth-atmosphere system at the global scale and for the 40-year period 1980–2019. To this aim, the MERRA-2 aerosol radia...

Background: Stroke has significant direct medical costs, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are better alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to determine the direct medical costs of stroke, w...

Based on methods of price decomposition and spatial econometrics, this paper improves the model for calculating the direct energy rebound effect employing the panel data of China’s urban residents’ electricity consumption for an empirical analysis. R...

The present study investigated the mediating effects of emotional intelligence and self-esteem between youth sports participation and life satisfaction, as well as the comparative effects of different types of sports involvement (team, individual, an...

Analytical techniques such as DNA profiling are widely used in various fields, including forensic science, and novel technologies such as direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are continuously being developed in order to acquire DNA pr...

Direct effect of graphene on mechanical property of Al matrix composite has been studied by using molecular dynamic (MD) methods. The models of graphene-reinforced composite are achieved by modeling the sintering system consisting of Al particles and...

For a two-dimensional solid silicon thermal wind sensor with symmetrical structure, the wind speed and direction information can be derived from the output voltages in two orthogonal directions, i.e., the north-south and east-west. However, the outpu...

Air pollution has become a serious challenge in China. Emissions from motor vehicles have been found to be one main sources of air pollution. Although the Chinese government has undertaken numerous green policies to mitigate harmful emissions from ro...

The liver is a common site for metastatic disease. In select patients with isolated liver metastases, surgical resection improves survival and may be potentially curative in patients with favorable “tumor biology”. However, when surgical...

The spatial relationship between water use efficiency and water scarcity has been widely discussed, but little attention has been paid to the impact of the pure technical and scale efficiencies of water use on water scarcity. Using input-oriented dat...

Irrational antibiotic usage not only causes an increase in antibiotic-borne diseases, but also inflicts pain on patients, as a result of inappropriate treatment. In order to resolve the hazards caused by irrational antibiotic usage, a kind of e-healt...

The DR-SCIR network public opinion propagation model was employed to study the characters of S-state users stopping transmitting information for the first time and secondary transmission of immune users. The model takes into account symmetry and comp...

Two-unit cells developed to predict the effective thermal conductivities of four-directional carbon/carbon composites with the finite element method are proposed in this paper. The smaller-size unit cell is formulated from the larger-size unit cell b...

This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment in forestry, a prominent phenomenon in China, on forestry industry structure upgrading, using comprehensive economic theory and the panel data of 27 provinces from 2003 to 2019 in China. We...

Background. Direct access in physiotherapy (DAPT) occurs when a patient has the ability to self-refer to physical therapy without physician referral. This model of care in musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) has shown better outcomes than the traditional...

The requirements for analytical tools are changing due to the global production chain, the increasing cases of adulteration, and the growing trend towards consumption of plant-based food products worldwide. The assessment of bioactivity of natural fo...

The correction of directional effects on satellite-retrieved land surface temperature (LST) is of high relevance for a proper interpretation of spatial and temporal features contained in LST fields. This study presents a methodology to correct such d...

Complex samples such as botanical extracts contain hundreds of compounds. Since we can only identify compounds that are stable, extractable, separable and detectable from complex botanical extracts, minimal sample treatment and different detection me...

To accurately estimate the navigation safety of a barge in still water and waves, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate the hydrodynamic force on the barge and simulate the flow field to comprehensively study the effect of skeg for...

Experimental studies were conducted on the changes of the potential differences in different directions during the uniaxial compression on limestone samples parallel and normal to the bedding plane. In the test, electric current was supplied at both...

Countries trying to attract foreign direct investment often use various tools to influence the foreign investor’s allocation decision including public subsidies in the form of investment incentives. However, the effects associated with providing thes...

A computational study on the origin of the activating effect for Pd-catalyzed directed C–H activation by the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism is conducted. DFT calculations indicate that strong acids can make Pd catalysts coordinate...

The review summarizes studies on the detoxification effects of water-soluble humic substances (HS), which are products of the natural transformation of organic substances in soils and bottom sediments that serve as natural detoxifying agents in water...

Around 1% of the world’s population is infected with hepatitis C. The introduction of new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in 2014 has substantially improved hepatitis C treatment outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term cost...

To solve the problem of reimbursing trans-regional medical expenses, using only cross-regional manual reimbursement but not direct medical insurance card settlement, China implemented a pilot policy of direct settlement of trans-provincial outpatient...

With rapid economic development and urbanization, the air pollution problem over China has drawn great attention. To explore the aerosol direct effect (ADE) over China, two simulations were conducted using WRF-Chem V3.5.1 in the summer of 2015. One w...

An effect-directed profiling method was developed to investigate 17 different fortified plant extracts for potential benefits. Six planar effect-directed assays were piezoelectrically sprayed on the samples separated side-by-side by high-performance...

Using direct numerical simulation (DNS) in combination with the volume of fluid method (VoF), we investigate the influence of the density ratio between the carrier and dispersed phase on emulsions, where the baseline simulation approximately correspo...

The consequences of gravity and the nozzle inclination angle in the powder-fed Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process were examined in this study. We also sought to define guidelines and manufacturing strategies, depending on the DED system configu...

The increase in the number of discarded tires every year is becoming a major issue all over the world. Tires stockpiles and landfills have become a critical issue as they are considered a fertile environment for the breeding of rats and insects, a re...

This paper investigates the impact of two types of environmental regulations (ERs), command-and-control environmental regulation (CACER) and market-incentive environmental regulation (MIER), on green total factor productivity (GTFP) through outward f...

Global efforts to reduce climate change have increased, necessitating more comprehensive research. However, empirical evidence of the implication of synergizing foreign direct investment (FDI) and renewable energy consumption (REC) to reduce environm...

Radiation-induced oral mucositis represents an influential factor in cancer patients’ accepted radiation therapy, especially in head and neck cancer. This research investigates the treatment effect of Ecdysterone (a steroid derived from the dry root...