Although it is often assumed that default rules affect change without awareness, this paper suggests that contrast with the default and transition into conscious adoption of the default design may be the starting point to establish long-term changes...
Credit scoring models are usually formulated by fitting the probability of loan default as a function of individual evaluation attributes. Typically, these attributes are measured using a Likert-type scale, but are treated as interval scale explanato...
We investigate the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and the probability of corporate credit default. By using a sample of 902 publicly-listed firms in the US from 2002 to 2017 and by converting Standard &...
19 June 2013
Rather than conforming to the assumption of perfect rationality in neoclassical economic theory, decision behavior has been shown to display a host of systematic biases. Properly understood, these patterns can be instrumentalized to improve outcomes...
For a fixed time, t, and a horizon time, b, the probability of default (PD) measures the probability that an obligor, that has paid his/her credit until time t, runs into arrears not later that time t+b. This probability is one of the most crucial el...
This paper proposes a conceptual modeling framework based on category theory that serves as a tool to study common structures underlying diverse approaches to modeling credit default that at first sight may appear to have nothing in common. The frame...
The CHEMTAX program has been widely used to estimate community composition based on major pigment concentrations in seawater. However, because CHEMTAX is an underdetermined optimization algorithm, underdetermined bias has remained an unsolved problem...
Meteorological variables (e.g., air temperature (T2), radiation flux, and precipitation) determine the evolution of glacier mass and characteristics. Observations of these variables are not available with adequate spatial coverage and spatiotemporal...
Model validation is a challenging Machine Learning task, usually more difficult for consumer credit default models because of the availability of small datasets, the modeling of low-frequency events (imbalanced data), and the bias in the explanatory...
In social sciences, multiple groups, such as countries, are frequently compared regarding a construct that is assessed using a number of items administered in a questionnaire. The corresponding scale is assessed with a unidimensional factor model inv...
In the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market, current studies focus on two categories of approaches to evaluate the loans, thus providing investment suggestions to the investors: credit scoring (i.e., predicting the credit risk) and profit scoring (i.e.,...
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool 2012 (SWAT2012) offers four sediment routing methods as optional alternatives to the default simplified Bagnold method. Previous studies compared only one of these alternative sediment routing methods with the defau...
In the context of changing demographics at regional universities (including our own), we highlight an ongoing project at our university that addresses the last area of acceptable bias in English-medium higher education: bias against speakers of other...
Land-surface characteristics (LSCs) and land-soil moisture conditions can modulate energy partition at the land surface, impact near-surface atmosphere conditions, and further affect land–atmosphere interactions. This study investigates the effect of...
Specific leaf area (SLA) is a key leaf functional trait associated with the ability to acquire light. Substantial variations in SLA have not been well described in the community land model (CLM) and similar terrestrial biosphere models. How these SLA...
As large language models (LLMs) gain traction among researchers and practitioners, particularly in digital marketing for tasks such as customer feedback analysis and automated communication, concerns remain about the reliability and consistency of th...
Systematic tendencies such as the center and horizontal bias are known to have a large influence on how and where we move our eyes during static onscreen free scene viewing. However, it is unknown whether these tendencies are learned viewing strategi...
A sustainable financing strategy for SMEs should aim to enhance a low-cost collateral-free supply of loans to SMEs with good track records of repayments to banks. In this paper, we suggest two alternative financing models for SMEs that address certai...
The paper discusses methodological topics of bankruptcy prediction modelling—unbalanced sampling, sample bias, and unbiased predictions of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy models are typically estimated with the use of non-random samples, which creates s...
In this study, the radiation scheme BCC-RAD (Beijing Climate Center RADiative transfer model) developed for global climate models is implemented into the Global–Regional Integrated SysTem (GRIST) model as an alternative to the default RRTMG (ge...
The need to model proportional data is common in a range of disciplines however, due to its bimodal nature, U- or J-shaped data present a particular challenge. In this study, two parsimonious mixture models are proposed to accurately characterise thi...
The Antarctic stratospheric final warming (SFW) is usually simulated with a substantial delay in climate models, and the corresponding temperatures in austral spring are lower than observations, implying insufficient stratospheric wave drag. To inves...
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various domains of everyday life, including important religious rituals. In the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, the reception of Holy Communion was substantially altered. The suggestion of the Polish Episcopal Conf...
We compare three modern Bayesian approaches, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), Variational Bayes (VB), and Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA), for two classic spatial econometric specifications: the spatial lag model and spatial error model....
Action bias, the cognitive tendency to favor action over inaction regardless of its necessity, has been extensively studied across domains such as behavioral economics, organizational behavior, and policy development. However, its manifestation in ed...
In this study, localised and non-uniform urban morphology (UM) and urban fraction (UF) parameters are implemented in a single-layer urban canopy scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale meteorological model. The purpose of this...
For the evaluation of changes in the carbon stock of living biomass, two methods are reported in the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry: (1) the default method, which requires the biomass carbon loss to be subtracted f...
Oceanic general circulation models (OGCMs) are important tools used to investigate mechanisms for ocean climate variability and predict the ocean change in the future. However, in most current ocean models, the impact of sea surface waves as one of t...
Background: Blood has advantages over tissue samples as a diagnostic tool, and blood mRNA transcriptomics is an exciting research field. To realize the full potential of blood transcriptomic investigations requires improved methods for gene expressio...
In a host of business applications, biomedical and epidemiological studies, the problem of multicollinearity among predictor variables is a frequent issue in longitudinal data analysis for linear mixed models (LMM). We consider an efficient estimatio...
Virtual screening—predicting which compounds within a specified compound library bind to a target molecule, typically a protein—is a fundamental task in the field of drug discovery. Doing virtual screening well provides tangible practical...
The Random Forest (RF) algorithm, a decision-tree-based technique, has become a promising approach for applications addressing runoff forecasting in remote areas. This machine learning approach can overcome the limitations of scarce spatio-temporal d...
Transposable elements (TEs), also known as “jumping genes”, are repetitive sequences with the capability of changing their location within the genome. They are key players in many different biological processes in health and disease. Ther...
Although cities only account for 3% of the global land area, they have disproportionately contributed 70% of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions; the main issue in estimating urban anthropogenic CO2 emissions is their large uncertainty. Tower-based atm...
The thermal-based two-source energy balance (TSEB) model has accurately simulated energy fluxes in a wide range of landscapes with both remote and proximal sensing data. However, tree-grass ecosystems (TGE) have notably complex heterogeneous vegetati...
The TROPOMI XCH4 data product requires rigorous cloud filtering to achieve a product accuracy of <1%. To this end, operational XCH4 data processing has been based on SUOMI-NPP VIIRS cloud observations. However, SUOMI-NPP is nearing the end of its...
The USGS (United States Geological Survey) land-use data used in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model have become obsolete as they are unable to accurately represent actual underlying surface features. Therefore, this study developed a ne...
BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS) began to provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to global users officially on 31 July, 2020. BDS constellations consist of regional (BDS-2) and global navigation satellites (BDS-3)....
Sleep loss may lead to negative bias during social interaction. In the current study, we conducted a revised social evaluation task experiment to investigate how sleep deprivation influences the self-referential and cognitive processes of social feed...
Open-mindedness appears as a potential intellectual virtue from the beginning of the rise of the literature on intellectual virtues. It often takes up a special role, sometimes thought of as a meta-virtue rather than a first-order virtue: as an ingre...
Adaptive behavior in the environment requires a high level of cognitive control to bias limited processing resources to behaviorally significant stimuli. Such control has been associated with a set of brain regions located in the fronto-parietal cort...
Vibration sensors are prone to bias, drift, and other failures. To avoid misjudgments in state monitoring systems and potential safety accidents caused by vibration sensor failures, it is significant to diagnose the faults of vibration sensors. Exist...
12 October 2021
This review aimed to summarize and estimate the TB treatment success rate and factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in Africa. Potentially eligible primary studies were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. The risk of bias a...
A simple Landsat-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) fusion model was used to generate 30-m resolution evapotranspiration (ET) maps for the 2010 growing season over a heterogeneous sparse vegetation, agricultural region using the ME...
Land surface/ecosystem models (LSEMs) play a key role in understanding the Earth’s climate. They represent ecosystem dynamics by simulating fluxes occurring between the biosphere and atmosphere. However, for a correct flux simulation, it is cri...
Bland–Altman limits of agreement are very popular in method comparison studies on quantitative outcomes. However, a straightforward application of Bland–Altman analysis requires roughly normally distributed differences, a constant bias, a...
The increasing frequency of general and particularly male cancer coupled with the reduction in male fertility seen worldwide motivated us to seek a potential evolutionary link between these two phenomena, concerning the reproductive transcriptional m...
It is important to monitor body composition longitudinally, especially in children with atypical body composition trajectories. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used and reference values are available. Air-displacement plethysmography (A...
Metacognition has only scarcely been investigated in brain tumor patients. It is unclear if and how the tumor-lesioned brain might be able to maintain an adequate sense-of-self. As cortical midline structures (CMS) are regarded as essential for self-...
Catch-only models (COMs) have been the focus of ongoing research into data-poor stock assessment methods. Two of the most recent models that are especially promising are (i) CMSY+, the latest refined version of CMSY that has progressed from Catch-MSY...
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