Image-based characterisation offers accurate results for colour recording in cultural heritage documentation tasks. Although numerous researches are focused on improving either the mathematical model used or the workflow technical details, in this pa...
This work presents a systematic literature review of powder-gas jet stream (PGJS) characterisation techniques for coaxial nozzles in the laser directed energy deposition process (L-DEDp). The analysis includes thirty-four camera-based and four weight...
The use of RGB cameras in photometric applications has grown over the last few decades in many fields such as industrial applications, light engineering and the analysis of the quality of the night sky. In this last field, they are often used in conj...
Residential buildings are an important sector in the urban environment as they provide essential dwelling space, but they are also responsible for a significant share of final energy consumption. In addition, residential buildings that were built wit...
Thermal imaging has been a mainstay of military applications and diagnostic engineering. However, there is currently no formalised procedure for the use of thermal imaging capable of standing up to judicial scrutiny. Using a scientifically sound char...
Tropical rock lobsters (Panulirus ornatus) are a highly cannibalistic species with intermoult animals predominantly attacking animals during ecdysis (moulting). Rapid, positive characterisation of pre-ecdysis lobsters may open a pathway to disrupt ca...
Here, we present the first ultraviolet (UV) camera measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, for the period 6–9 July 2018. These data yield the first direct gas-measurement-derived calculations of explosion gas mas...
Despite significant advances in the development of high-resolution digital cameras in the last couple of decades, their potential remains largely unexplored in the context of input-output modal identification. However, these remote sensors could grea...
Hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a promising analytical method of artwork due to its potential in combining non-invasive analytical capabilities and imaging allowing the survey of the entire (or of a large area of the) surface of an artwork, whic...
Advanced imaging techniques can noninvasively characterise, monitor, and evaluate how conservation treatments affect cultural heritage objects. In this specific field, hyperspectral imaging allows nondestructive characterisation of materials by ident...
The aim of this investigation was to establish the strains and strain rates experienced by tennis ball cores during impact to inform material characterisation testing and finite element modelling. Three-dimensional surface strains and strain rates we...
The chemical composition of wine grapes changes qualitatively and quantitatively during the ripening process. In addition to the sugar content, which determines the alcohol content of the wine, it is necessary to consider the phenolic composition of...
Thermal imaging cameras are expensive, particularly those designed for measuring high temperature objects with low measurement uncertainty. A wide range of research and industrial applications would benefit from lower cost temperature imaging sensors...
Although at present legislation does not allow drivers in a Level 3 autonomous vehicle to engage in a secondary task, there may become a time when it does. Monitoring the behaviour of drivers engaging in various non-driving activities (NDAs) is cruci...
About forty years after its first application, digital image correlation (DIC) has become an established method for measuring surface displacements and deformations of objects under stress. To date, DIC has been used in a variety of in vitro and in v...
The use of fast transients for fault detection in long transmission networks makes the generation of controlled transients crucial. In order to maximise the information that can be extracted from the measured pressure time history (pressure signal),...
Detection and characterisation of hidden corrosion are considered challenging yet crucial activities in many sensitive industrial plants where preventing the loss of containment or structural reliability are paramount. In the last two decades, infrar...
The role and potential impact of digital screen technology in the lives of children is heavily debated. Current evidence is limited by the weakness of measures typically used to characterise screen use, predominantly proxy- or self-reports with known...
The ARIADNE Experiment, utilising a 1-ton dual-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), aims to develop and mature optical readout technology for large scale LAr detectors. This paper describes the characterisation, using cosmic muons, of...
A key component of the new stochastic approach for discontinuity shear strength (referred to as StADSS) is characterising the roughness of natural rock discontinuities at full scale to mitigate well-known scale effects on shear strength predictions....
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a method of point displacement measurement by an optical system. If two cameras are used for capturing the same point displacement, three-dimensional data are obtained using the 3D-DIC method. The areas of applicati...
Recent legislative approaches to improve the quality of rivers have resulted in the design and implementation of extensive and intensive monitoring programmes that are costly and time consuming. An important component of assessing the ecological stat...
Catenas are undulating hillslopes on a granite geology characterised by different soil types that create an environmental gradient from crest to bottom. The main aim was to determine mammal species (>mongoose) present on one catenal slope and its...
A wide range of bulk materials with different physical properties are nowadays handled in the packaging industry using different material conveying techniques. Nevertheless, experimental methodologies to characterise flowability of granular materials...
We present an automatic road incident detector characterised by a low computational complexity for easy implementation in affordable devices, automatic adaptability to changes in scenery and road conditions, and automatic detection of the most common...
Detecting rapid changes in mammal composition at large spatial scales requires efficient detection methods. Many studies estimate species composition with a single survey method without asking whether that particular method optimises detection for al...
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The aim of the study was to locate and describe groundwater outflows in a selected lake basin. The study hypothesis was based on the fact that, according to the specialist literature, one of the forms of lake water supply is through groundwater outfl...
This paper presents a photogrammetry-based system for capturing turbulent aerated flow topography in a laboratory environment, especially for complex hydraulic phenomena character-ised by turbulent, non-stationary, and non-homogeneous aerated flows....
An important objective in weed management is the discrimination between grasses (monocots) and broad-leaved weeds (dicots), because these two weed groups can be appropriately controlled by specific herbicides. In fact, efficiency is higher if selecti...
Rates of fluvial sediment discharge are notoriously difficult to quantify, particularly during major flood events. Measurements are typically undertaken using event stations requiring large capital investment, and the high cost tends to reduce the sp...
This paper proposes molecular and supramolecular concepts for potential application in perovskite solar cells. New air-stable symmetrical imine, with thiadiazole moieties PPL2: (5E,6E)-N2,N5-bis(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dia...
The reflectance (R) of linear and circular micro-gratings on c-plane sapphire Al2O3 ablated by a femtosecond (fs) laser were spectrally characterised for thermal emission
The aviation industry currently faces several challenges in inspecting and diagnosing aircraft structures. Current aircraft inspection methods still need to be fully automated, making early detection and precise sizing of defects difficult. Researche...
A combination of the chemical etching process in FeCl3 solution and chemical surface grafting by immersion in ethanol solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is a viable route to achieve a hierarchical surface topography and che...
The dynamic fracture process of rock materials is of importance for several industrial applications, such as drilling for geothermal installation. Numerical simulation can aid in increasing the understanding about rock fracture; however, it requires...
Phase-change nanodroplets (PCND;NDs) are emulsions with a perfluorocarbon (PFC) core that undergo acoustic vaporisation as a response to ultrasound (US). Nanodroplets change to microbubbles and cavitate while under the effect of US. This cavitation c...
The use of robotics in harsh environments, such as nuclear decommissioning, has increased in recent years. Environments such as the Fukushima Daiichi accident site from 2011 and the Sellafield legacy ponds highlight the need for robotic systems capab...
Motivated by the increasing need of optimised micro-devices for droplet production in medical and biological applications, this paper introduces an integrated approach for the study of the liquid–liquid droplet creation in flow-focusing micro c...
The mechanical strength is a fundamental characteristic of rock masses that can be empirically related to a number of properties and to the likelihood of instability phenomena. Direct field acquisition of mechanical information on tall cliffs, howeve...
Pre-catalyst engine emissions and detrimental injector deposits have been widely associated with the near-nozzle fluid dynamics during and after the injection events. Although the heating and evaporation of fuel films on the nozzle surface directly a...
Piezocrystals, especially the relaxor-based ferroelectric crystals, have been subject to intense investigation and development within the past three decades, motivated by the performance advantages offered by their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient...
Coastal erosion poses a significant threat to small tropical island regions, where coastal tourism and infrastructure play vital economic roles. However, the processes affecting tropical beaches, particularly in Central America, remain underexplored...
Reducing the economic and environmental impact of industrial process may be achieved by the smartisation of different components. In this work, tube smartisation is presented via direct fabrication of a copper (Cu)-based resistive temperature detecto...
In recent years, boron nitride nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties such as high temperature stability and high thermal conductivity. They are structurally analogous to carbon nanomaterials and can also be...
Real-time measurements of carbonate ion concentrations in the ocean are critical to advancing marine environmental monitoring and research into deep-sea hydrothermal activity. Herein, we report the first example of deep-sea hydrothermal field explora...
The growing demand for organically produced vegetables requires the adoption of new cropping systems such as strip-cropping. To counteract the additional labour mixed cropping entails, automation and robotics play a key role. This research focuses on...
Improving the capability to detect volcanic explosive activity could be strategic for the task of a volcano observatory to inform civil protection authorities and air traffic controllers. The detection of explosive volcanic activity can be done in re...
In the last decade, the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) method allowed performing non-invasive analysis in the field of cultural heritage. However, a considerable limitation was given by redundant and time-consuming features, with the necessary applicati...
The present work constitutes the initial experimental effort to characterise the dynamic tensile performance of basalt fibre grids employed in TRM systems. The tensile behaviour of a bi-directional basalt fibre grid was explored using a high-speed se...
Floc size distribution and settling velocities are crucial parameters for characterising cohesive sediments, as they influence how these sediments behave in various environmental settings. The accurate measurement of these properties is essential, wi...
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