P. peruviana is a species of agronomic and biotechnological interest; however, the relationship between in vitro regeneration and phenolic compound production remains poorly explored. This study evaluated the combined effects of thidiazuron (TDZ), ex...
Microbial volatile metabolites can enhance plant growth, yet the mechanisms by which plants perceive and transduce these signals are unknown. Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seedlings was found to be stimulated by volatiles from the soil bacteri...
Physalis peruviana exhibits highly variable and poorly reproducible morphogenic responses under in vitro conditions, limiting the development of reliable regeneration systems. This study evaluated how the interaction between thidiazuron (TDZ), naphth...
This study aimed to determine the regulatory role of polyamine–plant growth regulator (PGR) interactions on shoot development and caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) in in vitro shoot cultures of Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea pallida. Nodal expl...
Auxins (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs) are the most influential phytohormones, having multifaceted roles in plants. They are key regulators of plant growth and developmental processes. Additionally, their interplay exerts tight control on plant developmen...
Callogenesis is a fundamental step in plant biotechnology and tissue culture, providing the basis for multiple scientific and practical applications. In this study, the impact on callogenesis of different plant growth regulators was studied on Cannab...
Auxins and cytokinins create versatile regulatory network controlling virtually all aspects of plant growth and development. These hormonal systems act in close contact, synergistically or antagonistically, determining plant phenotype, resistance and...
Background/Objectives: Cytokinin and auxin are essential for vascular development in plants. This study aims to explore whether these two hormones exhibit crosstalk in the cambium, analogous to that observed in the apical meristem. Methods: Using the...
The Arabidopsis root is a dynamic system where the interaction between different plant hormones controls root meristem activity and, thus, organ growth. In the root, a characteristic graded distribution of the hormone auxin provides positional inform...
Several studies have shown the role of phytohormones in the regulation of root growth of Arabidopsis plants under boron (B) deficiency. Ethylene and auxin play an important role in the control of Arabidopsis primary root cell elongation under short-t...
Gynoecium development is dependent on gene regulation and hormonal pathway interactions. The phytohormones auxin and cytokinin are involved in many developmental programs, where cytokinin is normally important for cell division and meristem activity,...
Varying the spectral composition of light is one of the ways to accelerate the growth of conifers under artificial conditions for the development of technologies and to obtain sustainable seedlings required to preserve the existing areas of forests....
Although changes in root architecture in response to the environment can optimize mineral and water nutrient uptake, mechanisms regulating these changes are not well-understood. We investigated whether P deprivation effects on root development are me...
Zygotic embryogenesis is a key process in the development and propagation of avocado (Persea americana). Plant growth regulators, particularly auxins and cytokinins, play a crucial role in regulating this process. In this study, a transcriptomic anal...
Auxin is a key hormone that regulates plant growth and development, including plant shape and sensitivity to environmental changes. Auxin is biosynthesized and metabolized via many parallel pathways, and it is sensed and transduced by both normal and...
After germination, the meristem of the embryonic plant root becomes activated, expands in size and subsequently stabilizes to support post-embryonic root growth. The plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, together with master transcription factors of th...
Adventitious rooting is a process of postembryonic organogenesis strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors. Although adventitious rooting has been exploited in vegetative propagation programs for many plant species, it is a bottleneck for...
Grafting involves complex hormonal interactions at graft interfaces that are not yet fully understood. In this study, we analyzed hormone fluctuations and gene expression during callus proliferation and vascular tissue differentiation in hickory (Car...
Background: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an economically important crop that is highly susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (Foln). While phytohormones are key regulators of defence, their interaction with polyamines during infection rem...
De novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) is a procedure commonly used for the in vitro regeneration of shoots from a variety of plant tissues. Shoot regeneration occurs on nutrient media supplemented with the plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and auxin, which...
Droughts are considered one of the major abiotic limitations constraining global plant productivity. Recent findings suggest that water-deficit responses in plants are largely mediated by associated microbial communities, instead of being purely gene...
Fluctuating environmental conditions trigger adaptive responses in plants, which are regulated by phytohormones. During photoperiod stress caused by a prolongation of the light period, cytokinin (CK) has a protective function. Auxin often acts as an...
HD-Zip proteins are unique to plants, and contain a homeodomain closely linked to a leucine zipper motif, which are involved in dimerization and DNA binding. Based on homology in the HD-Zip domain, gene structure and the presence of additional motifs...
Witches’-broom (WB, excessive initiation, and outgrowth of axillary buds) is one of the remarkable symptoms in plants caused by phytoplasmas, minute wall-less intracellular bacteria. In healthy plants, axillary bud initiation and outgrowth are...
In roses (Rosa sp.), peduncle morphology is an important ornamental feature. The common physiological abnormality known as the bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) seriously decreases the quality of rose flowers and thus the commercial value. Because the m...
Silver maple is a fast-growing, adaptable tree that often frequents wet places and thus can play an important ecological role in replanting schemes. For this, robust, high-quality seedlings are essential. In other tree species, improved seedling qual...
Shoot branching is regulated by axillary bud activities, which subsequently grow into branches. Phytohormones play a central role in shoot branching control, particularly with regard to auxin, cytokinins (CKs), strigolactones (SLs), and gibberellins...
Fruit tree rootstock breeding is prolonged by extended juvenile phases, high heterozygosity, limited germplasm diversity, and hybrid incompatibilities, often requiring four decades to release new cultivars. Direct somatic embryogenesis (DSE) in estab...
The effects of copper (Cu)–pH interactions on the levels of hormones and related metabolites (HRMs) in Citrus sinensis leaves and roots were investigated. Our findings indicated that increased pH mitigated Cu toxicity-induced alterations of HRM...
The worldwide agriculture industry is facing increasing problems due to rapid population increase and increasingly unfavorable weather patterns. In order to reach the projected food production targets, which are essential for guaranteeing global food...
The application of dual cytokinins can significantly enhance shoot multiplication rates in specific apple cultivars compared to standard protocols using a single cytokinin. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of shoot multiplication paramete...
Irregular rooting in vitro is a major problem in the micropropagation of culinary rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum), a vegetable crop rich in bioactive compounds. To date, little is known about the factors and mechanisms underlying adventitious root (AR) f...
Adventitious root (AR) formation is required for the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural crops, such as apples. Asexual propagation is commonly utilized for breeding programs because of its short life cycle, true-to-typenes...
Exogenous gibberellin (GA) was widely used to improve berry quality through inducing parthenocarpic seedless berries in grapes. We revealed that auxin response factors (ARFs), the key transcription factors in response to auxin, might respond to GA in...
The known activities of cytokinins (CKs) are promoting shoot multiplication, root growth inhibition, and delaying senescence. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) has been the most effective CK to induce shoot proliferation in cereal and grasses. Previously, we...
Endosperm development in barley starts with the formation of a multinucleate syncytium, followed by cellularization in the ventral part of the syncytium generating endosperm transfer cells (ETCs) as first differentiating subdomain, whereas aleurone (...
MADS-box transcription factors play a vital role in the development of reproductive organs and fruits. However, the mechanisms by which MADS-box transcription factors participate in determining the size of organs remain incompletely understood. This...
Grape and wine production and quality is extremely dependent on the fruit ripening process. Sensory and nutritional characteristics are important aspects for consumers and their development during fruit ripening involves complex hormonal control. In...
Crown root (CR) initiation and development are crucial for the establishment of robust root systems in plants, contributing significantly to stress tolerance and overall growth. This manuscript explores the regulatory roles of key hormones and genes...
The plant embryogenic callus (EC) is an irregular embryogenic cell mass with strong regenerative ability that can be used for propagation and genetic transformation. However, difficulties with EC induction have hindered the breeding of drumstick, a t...
Due to their sessile nature, plants constantly adapt to their environment by modulating various internal plant hormone signals and distributions, as plants perceive environmental changes. Plant hormones include abscisic acid (ABA), auxins, brassinost...
Phytohormones are regulators of plant growth and development, which under different types of stress can play a fundamental role in a plant’s adaptation and survival. Some of these phytohormones such as cytokinin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, au...
The grain-filling stage is crucial for determining yield and quality in rice. This process, and the pronounced disparity in development between superior and inferior grains, is orchestrated by a dynamic network of endogenous phytohormones. However, a...
Stone fruits, mainly represented by Prunus species, are economically important crops whose yield potential and final quality are largely determined during early fruit development. This early phase, encompassing pollination, fertilization, fruit set,...
Nitrogen (N) is a vital mineral component that can restrict the growth and development of plants if supplied inappropriately. In order to benefit their growth and development, plants have complex physiological and structural responses to changes in t...
In ornamental plants, one of the most complex life processes, i.e., flowering, is regulated by interaction between the microbiota, hormones, and genes. Flowering plays an integral role in overall development and is quintessential for reproduction. Co...
To successfully invade and infect their host plants, plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) need to evolve molecular mechanisms to overcome the defense responses from the plants. Nematode-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs), including ascarosides and cer...
Plants, unlike animals, have developed a unique system in which they continue to form organs throughout their entire life cycle, even after embryonic development. This is possible because plants possess a small group of pluripotent stem cells in thei...
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs/CDPKs) are Ca2+-sensors that decode Ca2+ signals into specific physiological responses. Research has reported that CDPKs constitute a large multigene family in various plant species, and play diverse roles in p...
Xylem, a critical vascular tissue extensively distributed in stems and roots, plays indispensable roles in horticultural plant development. It facilitates water and mineral transport, provides mechanical support through secondary cell wall lignificat...
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