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Agronomy
Volume 16
Issue 1
10.3390/agronomy16010060
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Review

Synchronizing the Panicle: A Spatiotemporal Network View of Phytohormones in Rice Grain Filling and Agronomic Regulation

by
Zhendong Ji
1,2,3,
Sijia Wang
1,2,3,
Qun Hu
1,2,3,
Hongcheng Zhang
1,2,3 and
Guangyan Li
1,2,3,*
1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
3
Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2026, 16(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010060 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 December 2025 / Revised: 21 December 2025 / Accepted: 23 December 2025 / Published: 25 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Architecture of Kernel Development in Cereal Crops)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The grain-filling stage is crucial for determining yield and quality in rice. This process, and the pronounced disparity in development between superior and inferior grains, is orchestrated by a dynamic network of endogenous phytohormones. However, an integrated synthesis of their synthesis, transport, signaling, and crosstalk—particularly in the context of modern high-yield cultivation—is lacking. This review comprehensively analyzes the roles of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, and polyamines, with emphasis on their spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions in shaping grain fate. We explicitly link these hormonal mechanisms to agronomic and chemical regulation practices, such as nitrogen management and alternate wetting-drying irrigation. By synthesizing this knowledge, we aim to propose a unified model of grain filling regulation. This framework provides an actionable theoretical foundation for designing precise strategies to manipulate hormonal balances, thereby improving grain filling uniformity, yield, and quality in rice.
Keywords: endogenous hormones; rice (Oryza sativa L.); grain filling; hormonal cross-talk; phytohormone signaling; agronomic regulation; superior and infeior grain endogenous hormones; rice (Oryza sativa L.); grain filling; hormonal cross-talk; phytohormone signaling; agronomic regulation; superior and infeior grain

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ji, Z.; Wang, S.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, H.; Li, G. Synchronizing the Panicle: A Spatiotemporal Network View of Phytohormones in Rice Grain Filling and Agronomic Regulation. Agronomy 2026, 16, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010060

AMA Style

Ji Z, Wang S, Hu Q, Zhang H, Li G. Synchronizing the Panicle: A Spatiotemporal Network View of Phytohormones in Rice Grain Filling and Agronomic Regulation. Agronomy. 2026; 16(1):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010060

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji, Zhendong, Sijia Wang, Qun Hu, Hongcheng Zhang, and Guangyan Li. 2026. "Synchronizing the Panicle: A Spatiotemporal Network View of Phytohormones in Rice Grain Filling and Agronomic Regulation" Agronomy 16, no. 1: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010060

APA Style

Ji, Z., Wang, S., Hu, Q., Zhang, H., & Li, G. (2026). Synchronizing the Panicle: A Spatiotemporal Network View of Phytohormones in Rice Grain Filling and Agronomic Regulation. Agronomy, 16(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16010060

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