Worldwide, the determination of the coordinates from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey (in Network Real Time Kinematic, Precise Point Positioning, or static mode) has been analysed in several scientific and technical applications. Ma...
In the past few decades, network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning technology has developed rapidly. Generally, in the continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network, within a moderate baseline length, e.g., 80–100 km, atmospheri...
In the last 20 years, NRTK GNSS CORS networks have been designed, developed, and employed in Sicily (Italy) for research purposes. Following a comprehensive description of the CORS networks in this region, this study aims to compare results obtained...
Coastal environments are fragile ecosystems threatened by various factors, both natural and anthropogenic. The preservation and protection of these environments, and in particular, the sand dune systems, which contribute significantly to the defense...
Network RTK (NRTK), one of the primary means of high-precision real-time kinematic positioning (RTK), has been widely used. The key to providing highly accurate positioning is the ambiguity of the reference station being correctly fixed, but the atmo...
This study examines the effect of baseline length on accuracy and precision in Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning and develops an experimental mathematical model to express this effect. The study also measures the performances of the Flae...
The positioning performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network real-time kinematic (NRTK) depends on regional atmospheric error modeling. Under normal atmospheric conditions, NRTK positioning provides high accuracy and rapid ini...
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the Network Real-time Kinematic (NRTK) technique in hydrographic surveying and check whether it meets the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) minimum bathymetry standards...
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphoryla...
Accurate and reliable positioning is a fundamental requirement for marine applications, particularly in hydrographic surveying, where real-time data acquisition is essential. Despite recent advances in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techno...
This study provides a comparative performance evaluation of commercial Precise Point Positioning Real-Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) and public Network RTK (NRTK) services for vehicle-based positioning in urban and suburban environments. Using low-cost u-b...
Aerial photogrammetry by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a widespread method to perform mapping tasks with high-resolution to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) building and façade models. However, the survey of Ground Control Points (GCPs)...
This study aims to determine the course over ground (COG) and heading angle of a marine vessel for hydrographic surveying and navigation using single- and dual-antenna GNSS configurations. Three aspects were investigated. (1) The vessel COG was deter...
Cadastral marks constitute a dense source of information for topographical surveys required to update cadastral maps. Historically, in Italy, cadastral marks have been the cartographic network for the implementation of mapping updates. Different sour...
In network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning, atmospheric delay information is critical for generating virtual observations at a virtual reference station (VRS). The traditional linear interpolation method (LIM) is widely used to obtain the atmo...
Currently, network real-time kinematic (NRTK) technology is one of the primary approaches used to achieve real-time dynamic high-precision positioning, and virtual reference station (VRS) technology, with its high accuracy and compatibility, has beco...
Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning with instantaneous ambiguity resolution (AR) is currently one of the most popular techniques for real-time precise positioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) carrier phase observations....
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are crucial mediators of intracellular signaling and control a wide variety of processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, and motility. Aberrant NRTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to vari...
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) Ack1 comprises a distinct arrangement of non-catalytic modules. Its SH3 domain has a C-terminal to the kinase domain (SH1), in contrast to the typical SH3-SH2-SH1 layout in NRTKs. The Ack1 is the only protein th...
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is nowadays a standard approach in several application fields. Researches connected with these systems cover several topics and the evolution of these platforms and their applications are rapidly growing. De...
Tropospheric delay information is particularly important for network RTK (Network Real-time Kinematic) positioning. Conventionally, tropospheric delay information at a virtual reference station (VRS) is obtained using the linear interpolation method...
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a systemic therapy for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although most patients initially respond to ADT, almost all cancers eventually develop castration resistance. Castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) is associated w...
The main issue in the development of precise positioning is the way in which to send GNSS corrections. To handle this case, a terrestrial broadcast mechanism based on DAB+ (digital audio broadcasting) signals was chosen to overcome the scalability ch...
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is currently a common practice thanks to the development of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The possibility to obtain raw GNSS measurements, such as pseudoranges and carrier-phase,...
Until now, RTK (real-time kinematic) and NRTK (Network-based RTK) have been the most popular cm-level accurate positioning approaches based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals in real-time. The tropospheric delay is a major source of...
The high precision positioning can be easily achieved by using real-time kinematic (RTK) and precise point positioning (PPP) or their augmented techniques, such as network RTK (NRTK) and PPP-RTK, even if they also have their own shortfalls. A referen...
Over the last twenty years, positioning with low cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors have rapidly developed around the world at both a commercial and academic research level. For many years these instruments have only acquired the...
This paper investigated the achievable accuracy from a low-cost RTK (Real Time Kinematic)/PPK (Post Processing Kinematic) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) system installed on board a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), employing three different...
Background: Neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusions are potent oncogenic mutations. Inhibitors such as larotrectinib, entrectinib and repotrectinib are used when cancer cells harbor NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 fusion. Signal disruption between...
In this study, a unified model for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) wide area and local area augmentation positioning based on raw observations has been proposed. Applying this model, both the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Posit...
The European Global Navigation Satellite System Galileo is gradually deploying its constellation. In order to provide reliable navigation and position services, the effectiveness and reliability of ambiguity resolution between reference stations is n...
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or biliary tract cancer, has a poor prognosis. The median survival time among patients with CCA is under 2 years from diagnosis, and the global 5-year survival rate is only 10%. First-line therapy with chemotherapeutic agent...
Ambiguity resolution at Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network sites is the key step in the whole processing chain of Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK). An appropriate ambiguity-resolution speed is important, and single-epoch ambigu...
Services from the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provide data and insights to a range of research areas such as physical sciences, engineering, earth and planetary sciences, computer...
Today, ground control points (GCPs) represent indispensable tools for products’ georeferencing in all the techniques concerning remote sensing (RS), particularly in monitoring activities from unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platforms. This work...
Nowadays, the availability of affordable multi-constellation multi-frequency receivers has broadened access to accurate positioning. The abundance of satellite signals coupled with the implementation of ground- and satellite-based correction services...
One of the main challenges of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in forest data acquisition is the implementation of Ground Control Points (GCPs) as a mandatory step, which is sometimes impossible for inaccessible areas or within canopy closures....
Coastal environments are usually characterized by a brittle balance, especially in terms of sediment transportation. The formation of dunes, as well as their sudden destruction as a result of violent storms, affects this balance in a significant way....
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has made important progress in Earth observation and applications. With the successful design of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), four global navigation satellite systems are available worldw...
Tropospheric delay is a major error source that affects the initialization and re-initialization speed of the Global Navigation Satellite System’s (GNSS) medium-/long-range baseline in Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning. Fusing the...
27 January 2023
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3′ untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects ske...
In this study, different in-situ and close-range sensing surveying techniques were compared based on the spatial differences of the resultant datasets. In this context, the DJI Phantom 3 Advanced and Trimble UX5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform...