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222 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
9,435 Views
27 Pages

31 March 2024

The distributed denial of service attack poses a significant threat to network security. Despite the availability of various methods for detecting DDoS attacks, the challenge remains in creating real-time detectors with minimal computational overhead...

(This article belongs to the Section Information Security and Privacy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,847 Views
32 Pages

Enhancing Cloud Computing Analysis: A CCE-Based HTTP-GET Log Dataset

  • Ziyad R. Alashhab,
  • Mohammed Anbar,
  • Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan,
  • Basim Ahmad Alabsi and
  • Karamath Ateeq

9 August 2023

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a common target of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks in today’s cloud computing environment (CCE). However, most existing datasets for Intrusion Detection System (IDS) evaluations are not sui...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Data and Information Security III)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
6,343 Views
17 Pages

Machine Learning-Based Dynamic Attribute Selection Technique for DDoS Attack Classification in IoT Networks

  • Subhan Ullah,
  • Zahid Mahmood,
  • Nabeel Ali,
  • Tahir Ahmad and
  • Attaullah Buriro

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the rapid expansion of interconnected systems, which has also increased the vulnerability of IoT devices to security threats such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In th...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,009 Views
19 Pages

20 August 2025

In recent years, the occurrence and complexity of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have escalated significantly, posing threats to the availability, performance, and security of networked systems. With the rapid progression of Artificial...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in AI-Driven Cybersecurity and Securing AI Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
8,462 Views
14 Pages

25 April 2024

The early and accurate detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a fundamental area of research to safeguard the integrity and functionality of organizations’ digital ecosystems. Despite the growing importance of neural netwo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Security in Artificial Intelligence Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,592 Views
16 Pages

Adaptive Sampling Framework for Imbalanced DDoS Traffic Classification

  • Hongjoong Kim,
  • Deokhyeon Ham and
  • Kyoung-Sook Moon

24 June 2025

Imbalanced data is a major challenge in network security applications, particularly in DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) traffic classification, where detecting minority classes is critical for timely and cost-effective defense. Existing machine l...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Fault Diagnosis & Sensors 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,233 Citations
71,112 Views
26 Pages

CICIoT2023: A Real-Time Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Attacks in IoT Environment

  • Euclides Carlos Pinto Neto,
  • Sajjad Dadkhah,
  • Raphael Ferreira,
  • Alireza Zohourian and ,
  • Rongxing Lu and
  • Ali A. Ghorbani
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 June 2023

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept plays a pivotal role in society and brings new capabilities to different industries. The number of IoT solutions in areas such as transportation and healthcare is increasing and new services are under de...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy of the Internet of Things for Industrial Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
8,806 Views
19 Pages

7 October 2023

With the increasing severity and frequency of cyberattacks, the rapid expansion of smart objects intensifies cybersecurity threats. The vast communication traffic data between Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents a considerable challenge in defe...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Cybersecurity and Reliability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,682 Views
19 Pages

29 February 2024

As the world increasingly becomes more interconnected, the demand for safety and security is ever-increasing, particularly for industrial networks. This has prompted numerous researchers to investigate different methodologies and techniques suitable...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Intrusion Detection Using Deep Learning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,048 Views
25 Pages

One-Parameter Statistical Methods to Recognize DDoS Attacks

  • Roman Hajtmanek,
  • Martin Kontšek,
  • Juraj Smieško and
  • Jana Uramová

11 November 2022

Within our academic high-speed network infrastructure which is used for connecting all universities and high schools in our country to the Internet, there are thousands of cybersecurity attacks occurring every day. That is why, within our SANET II pr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
95 Citations
19,940 Views
24 Pages

DDoS Attack Detection in IoT-Based Networks Using Machine Learning Models: A Survey and Research Directions

  • Amal A. Alahmadi,
  • Malak Aljabri,
  • Fahd Alhaidari,
  • Danyah J. Alharthi and ,
  • Ghadi E. Rayani,
  • Leena A. Marghalani,
  • Ohoud B. Alotaibi and
  • Shurooq A. Bajandouh
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

With the emergence of technology, the usage of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is said to be increasing in people’s lives. Such devices can benefit the average individual, who does not necessarily have to have technical knowledge. The IoT can...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Cybersecurity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
4,806 Views
19 Pages

Drift Adaptive Online DDoS Attack Detection Framework for IoT System

  • Yonas Kibret Beshah,
  • Surafel Lemma Abebe and
  • Henock Mulugeta Melaku

Internet of Things (IoT) security is becoming important with the growing popularity of IoT devices and their wide applications. Recent network security reports revealed a sharp increase in the type, frequency, sophistication, and impact of distribute...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in IoT Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
8,964 Views
22 Pages

An Intelligent Agent-Based Detection System for DDoS Attacks Using Automatic Feature Extraction and Selection

  • Rana Abu Bakar,
  • Xin Huang,
  • Muhammad Saqib Javed,
  • Shafiq Hussain and
  • Muhammad Faran Majeed

22 March 2023

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, advanced persistent threats, and malware actively compromise the availability and security of Internet services. Thus, this paper proposes an intelligent agent system for detecting DDoS attacks using auto...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security Issues and Solutions in Sensing Systems and Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,122 Views
25 Pages

12 October 2022

Aiming at the problems of single detection target of existing distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, incomplete detection datasets and privacy caused by shared datasets, we propose a trusted multi-domain DDoS detection method based on federate...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy for IoT Networks and the Mobile Internet)
  • Article
  • Open Access
66 Citations
12,736 Views
24 Pages

Distributed Denial of Service Attack Detection in Network Traffic Using Deep Learning Algorithm

  • Mahrukh Ramzan,
  • Muhammad Shoaib,
  • Ayesha Altaf,
  • Shazia Arshad and ,
  • Faiza Iqbal,
  • Ángel Kuc Castilla and
  • Imran Ashraf
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

23 October 2023

Internet security is a major concern these days due to the increasing demand for information technology (IT)-based platforms and cloud computing. With its expansion, the Internet has been facing various types of attacks. Viruses, denial of service (D...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
256 Citations
15,662 Views
16 Pages

1 February 2020

Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers several advantages such as manageability, scaling, and improved performance. However, SDN involves specific security problems, especially if its controller is defenseless against Distributed Denial of Service...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
9,413 Views
29 Pages

Recent Analysis of Forged Request Headers Constituted by HTTP DDoS

  • Abdul Ghafar Jaafar,
  • Saiful Adli Ismail,
  • Mohd Shahidan Abdullah,
  • Nazri Kama and ,
  • Azri Azmi and
  • Othman Mohd Yusop
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 July 2020

Application Layer Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are very challenging to detect. The shortfall at the application layer allows formation of HTTP DDoS as the request headers are not compulsory to be attached in an HTTP request. Furthermo...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,945 Views
11 Pages

15 August 2022

Optimizing the monitoring of network traffic features to detect abnormal traffic is critical. We propose a two-stage monitoring and classification (MOCA) system requiring fewer features to detect and classify malicious network attacks. The first stag...

(This article belongs to the Collection Intelligent Security and Privacy Approaches against Cyber Threats)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,841 Views
16 Pages

19 August 2023

The software defined network (SDN) collects network traffic data and proactively manages networks. SDN’s programmability makes it excellent for developing distributed applications, cybersecurity, and decentralized network control in multitenant...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,365 Views
24 Pages

DDoS attacks remain a persistent cybersecurity threat, blocking services to legitimate users and causing significant damage to reputation, finances, and potential customers. For the detection of DDoS attacks, machine learning techniques such as super...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Security in Artificial Intelligence Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
98 Citations
13,489 Views
24 Pages

Effective and Efficient DDoS Attack Detection Using Deep Learning Algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron

  • Sheeraz Ahmed,
  • Zahoor Ali Khan,
  • Syed Muhammad Mohsin,
  • Shahid Latif and ,
  • Sheraz Aslam,
  • Hana Mujlid,
  • Muhammad Adil and
  • Zeeshan Najam
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

15 February 2023

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks pose an increasing threat to businesses and government agencies. They harm internet businesses, limit access to information and services, and damage corporate brands. Attackers use application layer DDoS a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyber Security Challenges in the New Smart Worlds)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,250 Views
15 Pages

Comparative Study of AI-Enabled DDoS Detection Technologies in SDN

  • Kwang-Man Ko,
  • Jong-Min Baek,
  • Byung-Suk Seo and
  • Wan-Bum Lee

22 August 2023

Software-defined networking (SDN) is becoming the standard for the management of networks due to its scalability and flexibility to program the network. SDN provides many advantages but it also involves some specific security problems; for example, t...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,782 Views
19 Pages

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks disrupt service availability, leading to significant financial setbacks for individuals and businesses. This paper introduces Eye-Net, a deep learning-based system optimized for DDoS attack detection that...

(This article belongs to the Section Network Security and Privacy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,439 Views
15 Pages

11 November 2021

The great commitment in different areas of computer science for the study of computer networks used to fulfill specific and major business tasks has generated a need for their maintenance and optimal operability. Distributed denial of service (DDoS)...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Threats, Challenges, and Opportunities Ⅱ)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,525 Views
26 Pages

Big Data-Driven Deep Learning Ensembler for DDoS Attack Detection

  • Abdulrahman A. Alshdadi,
  • Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi,
  • Nasir Ayub,
  • Miltiadis D. Lytras and ,
  • Eesa Alsolami and
  • Faisal S. Alsubaei
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

5 December 2024

The increasing threat of Distributed DDoS attacks necessitates robust, big data-driven methods to detect and mitigate complex Network and Transport Layer (NTL) attacks. This paper proposes EffiGRU-GhostNet, a deep-learning ensemble model for high-acc...

(This article belongs to the Section Cybersecurity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
6,008 Views
25 Pages

Optimized MLP-CNN Model to Enhance Detecting DDoS Attacks in SDN Environment

  • Mohamed Ali Setitra,
  • Mingyu Fan,
  • Bless Lord Y. Agbley and
  • Zine El Abidine Bensalem

1 December 2023

In the contemporary landscape, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have emerged as an exceedingly pernicious threat, particularly in the context of network management centered around technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN). With...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Network and Service Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
7,484 Views
18 Pages

Real-Time Detection of DDoS Attacks Based on Random Forest in SDN

  • Ruikui Ma,
  • Qiuqian Wang,
  • Xiangxi Bu and
  • Xuebin Chen

4 July 2023

With the development of the Internet of Things, a huge number of devices are connected to the network, network traffic is exhibiting massive and low latency characteristics. At the same time, it is becoming cheaper and cheaper to launch DDoS attacks,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,873 Views
23 Pages

21 July 2025

The development of 5G environments has several advantages, including accelerated data transfer speeds, reduced latency, and improved energy efficiency. Nevertheless, it also increases the risk of severe cybersecurity issues, including a complex and e...

(This article belongs to the Section Algorithms and Mathematical Models for Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,554 Views
17 Pages

25 August 2025

A typical Software-Defined Vehicular Network (SDVN) is open to various cyberattacks because of its centralized controller-based framework. A cyberattack, such as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, can easily overload the central SDVN cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
56 Citations
7,741 Views
21 Pages

Deep Learning-Based Approach for Detecting DDoS Attack on Software-Defined Networking Controller

  • Amran Mansoor,
  • Mohammed Anbar,
  • Abdullah Ahmed Bahashwan,
  • Basim Ahmad Alabsi and
  • Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan

9 June 2023

The rapid growth of cloud computing has led to the development of the Software-Defined Network (SDN), which is a network strategy that offers dynamic management and improved performance. However, security threats are a growing concern, particularly w...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
67 Citations
11,537 Views
12 Pages

The problem of identifying Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) attacks is fundamentally a classification problem in machine learning. In relevance to Cloud Computing, the task of identification of DDoS attacks is a significantly challenging problem...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Interdisciplinarity in Engineering—INTER-ENG 2020)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,294 Views
21 Pages

24 February 2024

The distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is one of the most pernicious threats in cyberspace. Catastrophic failures over the past two decades have resulted in catastrophic and costly disruption of services across all sectors and critical infra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
8,300 Views
21 Pages

18 May 2022

The 5G networks aim to realize a massive Internet of Things (IoT) environment with low latency. IoT devices with weak security can cause Tbps-level Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on 5G mobile networks. Therefore, interest in automatic n...

(This article belongs to the Collection Cryptography and Security in IoT and Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
76 Citations
11,303 Views
16 Pages

Explainable AI-Based DDOS Attack Identification Method for IoT Networks

  • Chathuranga Sampath Kalutharage,
  • Xiaodong Liu,
  • Christos Chrysoulas,
  • Nikolaos Pitropakis and
  • Pavlos Papadopoulos

3 February 2023

The modern digitized world is mainly dependent on online services. The availability of online systems continues to be seriously challenged by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The challenge in mitigating attacks is not limited to identify...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Understandable Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
182 Citations
26,315 Views
27 Pages

Machine Learning Techniques to Detect a DDoS Attack in SDN: A Systematic Review

  • Tariq Emad Ali,
  • Yung-Wey Chong and
  • Selvakumar Manickam

2 March 2023

The recent advancements in security approaches have significantly increased the ability to identify and mitigate any type of threat or attack in any network infrastructure, such as a software-defined network (SDN), and protect the internet security a...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
98 Citations
8,995 Views
15 Pages

26 July 2021

Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged in recent years as a form of Internet architecture. Its scalability, dynamics, and programmability simplify the traditional Internet structure. This architecture realizes centralized management by separat...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,327 Views
19 Pages

4 October 2025

With the escalating global cyber threats, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become one of the most disruptive and prevalent network attacks. Traditional DDoS detection systems face significant challenges due to the unpredictable natur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Modern Cybersecurity: Changes, Applications and Challenges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
638 Views
19 Pages

Proactive DoS and DDoS Attack Detection Through Behavior-Based Threat Intelligence

  • Orieb Abualghanam,
  • Malik Al-Essa,
  • Wesam Almobaideen,
  • Mohammad Qatawneh and
  • Ahmad Sami Al-Shamayleh

The rapid growth of cyberattacks necessitates the development of more sophisticated detection techniques. DoS and DDoS are well-known harmful attacks that affect organizations. This paper proposes a proactive, behavior-based DoS and DDoS detection fr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Cybersecurity: Advanced Attack Detection and Defense Techniques)
  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
9,181 Views
33 Pages

29 October 2025

Software-defined networking (SDN) has reformed the traditional approach to managing and configuring networks by isolating the data plane from control plane. This isolation helps enable centralized control over network resources, enhanced programmabil...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Cyber Security and Privacy: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,292 Views
35 Pages

A Multi-Class Intrusion Detection System for DDoS Attacks in IoT Networks Using Deep Learning and Transformers

  • Sheikh Abdul Wahab,
  • Saira Sultana,
  • Noshina Tariq,
  • Maleeha Mujahid and ,
  • Javed Ali Khan and
  • Alexios Mylonas
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

6 August 2025

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has significantly increased vulnerability to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which can severely disrupt network operations. DDoS attacks in IoT networks disrupt communication a...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
15,242 Views
17 Pages

Entropy-Based Application Layer DDoS Attack Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks

  • Khundrakpam Johnson Singh,
  • Khelchandra Thongam and
  • Tanmay De

1 October 2016

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is one of the major threats to the web server. The rapid increase of DDoS attacks on the Internet has clearly pointed out the limitations in current intrusion detection systems or intrusion prevention syste...

  • Article
  • Open Access
64 Citations
15,895 Views
31 Pages

A Lightweight Model for DDoS Attack Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques

  • Sapna Sadhwani,
  • Baranidharan Manibalan,
  • Raja Muthalagu and
  • Pranav Pawar

2 September 2023

The study in this paper characterizes lightweight IoT networks as being established by devices with few computer resources, such as reduced battery life, processing power, memory, and, more critically, minimal security and protection, which are easil...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Network Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
65 Citations
6,278 Views
27 Pages

Entropy Based Features Distribution for Anti-DDoS Model in SDN

  • Raja Majid Ali Ujjan,
  • Zeeshan Pervez,
  • Keshav Dahal,
  • Wajahat Ali Khan and ,
  • Asad Masood Khattak and
  • Bashir Hayat
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

1 February 2021

In modern network infrastructure, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are considered as severe network security threats. For conventional network security tools it is extremely difficult to distinguish between the higher traffic volume of a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Growth in Engineering and Technology Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,827 Views
18 Pages

DDoS Cyber-Incident Detection in Smart Grids

  • Jorge C. Merlino,
  • Mohammed Asiri and
  • Neetesh Saxena

25 February 2022

The smart grid (SG) offers potential benefits for utilities, electric generators, and customers alike. However, the prevalence of cyber-attacks targeting the SG emphasizes its dark side. In particular, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks can...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,248 Views
24 Pages

13 January 2026

In this paper, we investigate the use of Bent functions, particularly the Maiorana–McFarland (M–M) construction, as a nonlinear preprocessing method to enhance machine learning-based detection systems for Distributed Denial of Service (DD...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT Networks)
  • Review
  • Open Access
396 Views
37 Pages

11 September 2026

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are one of the most important cybersecurity problems today since they are one of the biggest threats against network service continuity and accessibility. Increasing network traffic volume combined with he...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI Empowered Cyber-Physical Systems and Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,564 Views
18 Pages

In detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), deep learning faces challenges and difficulties such as high computational demands, long training times, and complex model interpretation. This research focuses on overcoming these challenges by prop...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data Analytics with Machine Learning for Cyber Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,888 Views
31 Pages

3 January 2026

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks represent a pervasive and critical threat to autonomous vehicles, jeopardizing their operational functionality and passenger safety. The ease with which these attacks can be launched contrasts sharply with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,795 Views
19 Pages

An LDDoS Attack Detection Method Based on Behavioral Characteristics and Stacking Mechanism

  • Junwei Ye,
  • Zhixuan Wang,
  • Jichen Yang,
  • Chunan Wang and
  • Chunyu Zhang

21 January 2025

Today, the development of the Internet of Things has grown, and the number of related IoT devices has reached the order of tens of billions. Most IoT devices are vulnerable to attacks, especially DdoS (Distributed Denial of Service attack) attacks. D...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
761 Views
17 Pages

6 August 2026

This study proposes a machine learning and deep learning framework to detect application layer DDoS attacks using web server access logs. A realistic dataset was generated using eight DDoS tools, along with benign traffic. Multiple ML models, includi...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Scientific Conference TechSys 2026—Engineering, Technologies and Systems)

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