It has been argued that the mental representation resulting from sentence comprehension is not (just) an abstract symbolic structure but a “mental simulation” of the state-of-affairs described by the sentence. We present a particular formalization of...
This study explores whether semantic processing in parafoveal reading in the Italian language is modulated by the perceptual and lexical features of stimuli by analyzing the results of the rapid parallel visual presentation (RPVP) paradigm experiment...
Fluent word reading is a key literacy skill, yet the full extent of the oculomotor underpinnings in developing readers remains unknown. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a useful clinical measure that has been shown to predict word reading fluency. H...
For Chinese readers, reading from left to right is the norm, while reading from right to left is unfamiliar. This study comprises two experiments investigating how format familiarity and word frequency affect reading by Chinese people. Experiment 1 e...
Eye movements during regular reading, thorough reading, skimming, and spell checking of single pages of text were measured, to investigate how high-level reading tasks elicited by instructions affect reading behavior. Word frequency and word length e...
Reading continues to be a challenging task for most deaf children. Bimodal bilingual education creates a supportive environment that stimulates deaf children’s learning through the use of sign language. However, it is still unclear how exposure...
Vowel length is known to affect reaction times in single word reading. Eye movement studies involving silent sentence reading showed that phonological information of a word can be acquired even before it is fixated. However, it remained an open quest...
Readers use letter-sound knowledge and blending skills to consciously decode unfamiliar words, gradually building a large inventory of recognizable words. The storage of these words in long-term memory depends on forming connections between phonologi...
This study utilized eye-tracking technology to explore the role of visual word segmentation cues in Tibetan reading, with a particular focus on the effects of dictionary-based and psychological word segmentation on reading and lexical recognition. Th...
The present longitudinal retrospective study examined in a sample of 123 Greek-speaking children whether the raw score growth in a broad range of oral language and reading skills from Grade 1 to Grade 3 differs among children with persistent reading...
This study describes the features of words known and unknown by first graders of different proficiency levels in six instances of an oral reading fluency assessment: three in winter and three in spring. A sample of 411 students was placed into four g...
The study aimed to investigate overt reading and naming processes in adult people with dyslexia (PDs) in shallow (transparent) language orthography. The results of adult PDs are compared with adult healthy controls HCs. Comparisons are made in three...
This study investigates the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and inference-making during real-time reading comprehension in Spanish-speaking adolescents, addressing an important gap in the literature. A large sample of adolescents (n = 265)...
12 July 2014
This is the first attempt at characterizing reading difculty in Hindi using naturall occurring sentences. We created the Potsdam-Allahabad Hindi Eyetracking Corpus by recording eye-movement data from 30 participants at the University of Allahabad. In...
Background/Objectives: Mastery of reading requires the ability to process multiple stimuli in sequence. Previous research shows that children gradually develop this skill as their reading experience increases. This study investigated the serial super...
Background/Objectives: The Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (IPH) posits that individuals generate internal prosodic representations during silent reading, mirroring those produced in spoken language. While converging behavioral evidence supports the IPH,...
Background/Objectives. Vocabulary acquisition is a lifelong process, with the most rapid growth occurring from early childhood to school age. Different contextual factors influence how new vocabulary is acquired across various age groups during readi...
This study examines the influence of Tamil (L1) on the processing of English (L2) collocations during reading for Tamil-English bilingual children. Building on existing research in formulaic language, we used an online processing tool to investigate...
This study investigated how word frequency, word length and visual complexity affect lexical processing during Chinese sentence oral reading, and whether these effects differ between developing and skilled readers. Third-grade children and adults rea...
In the present investigation we adopted the Rapid Parallel Visual Presentation Paradigm with the aim of studying the timing of parafoveal semantic processing. The paradigm consisted in the simultaneous presentation of couple of words, one in fovea (W...
Word segmentation is a fundamental component of lexical processing, and Chinese reading—lacking inter-word spacing—requires readers to identify word boundaries based on prior experience. Previous studies have shown that contextual predict...
Studying the role of expertise in poetry reading, we hypothesized that poets’ expert knowledge comprises genre-appropriate reading- and comprehension strategies that are reflected in distinct patterns of reading behavior. We recorded eye movements wh...
Decades of research have established that the content of language (e.g., lexical characteristics of words) predicts eye movements during reading. Here we investigate whether there exist individual differences in ‘stable’ eye movement patterns during...
Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between performance in mathematics problem-solving and reading comprehension in students of all educational levels. This work presents a new proposal to measure the complexity of arithmetic word proble...
Surprisal, the negative log probability of a word given its context, is the dominant computational metric for quantifying reading difficulty and a common item difficulty estimator in reading research. Yet how the language model family, surprisal gran...
Semantic radicals are meaning-bearing sublexical components of Chinese characters that have been shown to facilitate incidental vocabulary learning in L1 Chinese readers. However, it remains unclear whether this sublexical mechanism extends to learne...
Oculomotor reading behavior is influenced by both universal factors, like the “big three” of word length, frequency, and contextual predictability, and language-specific factors, such as script and grammar. The aim of this study was to examine the in...
Background/Objectives: Dyslexia, a learning disability affecting reading, has been extensively studied using eye movements. This study aimed to examine in the same design the effects of different psycholinguistic variables, i.e., grammatical category...
This study aimed to investigate left temporal lobe activity during Japanese reading by examining both task-dependent activity and activity associated with individual differences in reading-related cognitive abilities. Using functional near-infrared s...
As a part of a larger interdisciplinary project on Shakespeare sonnets’ reception (Jacobs et al., 2017; Xue et al., 2017), the present study analyzed the eye movement behavior of participants reading three of the 154 sonnets as a function of seven le...
During text reading, the durations of eye fixations decrease with greater frequency and predictability of the currently fixated word (Rayner, 1998; 2009). However, it has not been tested whether those results also apply to scene viewing. We computed...
This study examined how semantic and language-context variability influence online processing during bilingual novel word learning in sentences. Brazilian Portuguese–English bilinguals read novel English–Portuguese cognates embedded in re...
This study examined (a) the development of vocabulary breadth and vocabulary depth, operationalized as homonym knowledge, across one academic year (fall to spring) in Grades 1–4 for multilingual learners and English monolinguals and (b) the con...
The current study examined the control of long-range regressive eye movements during sentence reading. Skilled readers were asked to read single-line sentences for comprehension. As a secondary task, they identified a probe word presented to the righ...
Prior research on lexical elaboration (providing additional information about unfamiliar words) has yielded non-significant effects on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Building on this, the present study used eye-tracking technology to examine whet...
In this study, we explore writing development from Grade 3 to 6 in four groups of students with varying reading abilities measured in a screening in Grade 2 as follows: students with (1) poor word reading, (2) poor reading comprehension, (3) mixed di...
30 July 2015
Multilingualism has become an integral part of our present lifestyle. India has twenty two registered official languages with English and Hindi being most widely used for all official activities across the nation. As both these languages are introduc...
The present study examined differences in reading comprehension performance between good and poor comprehenders, across paper-based and computer-based formats. The sample consisted of 197 students (Mage = 10.9, SDage = 1.22), categorized into three g...
Chinese separable words combine lexical integrity with structural separability, but how readers process discontinuous forms during sentence reading remains unclear. Thirty native Chinese speakers read sentences containing discontinuous separable word...
Reading success in a second language (L2) is vital to sustainable language and academic development because reading serves as a tool to absorb and learn new knowledge. Particularly in the context of college English as a foreign language (EFL), studen...
John Niles suggests that Old English poems often “demand […] attention not only to the possible nuances of meaning of every word, but also to the spaces where no words are written and no story told”. Such spaces, he argues, invite...
Ample evidence suggests that monolingual adults can successfully generate lexical and morphosyntactic predictions in reading and that correct predictions facilitate sentence comprehension. In this eye-tracking corpus reading study, we investigate whe...
This study investigates whether specific acoustic features can reliably indicate phrase boundaries for automatic detection. It includes (1) an analysis of acoustic markers at the end of prosodic units—intonational phrases, intermediate phrases,...
Given the high proportion of struggling readers in school and the long-term negative consequences of underachievement for those affected, the question of prevention options arises. The early identification of central indicators for reading literacy i...
In contextual vocabulary acquisition, second language learners address both morphological and contextual cues to infer the meanings of novel words. The study investigated cognitive strategies and their eye movement correlates in contextual vocabulary...
Technology-based in-home reading and spelling programs have the potential to compensate for the lack of sufficient instructions provided at schools. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic showed the immaturity of the existing remote teaching solutions...
Comments are used to explain the meaning of code and ease communications between programmers themselves, quality assurance auditors, and code reviewers. A tool has been developed to help programmers write readable comments and measure their readabili...
Acquired Neglect Dyslexia is often associated with right-hemisphere brain damage and is mainly characterized by omissions and substitutions in reading single words. Martelli et al. proposed in 2011 that these two types of error are due to different m...
Counterfactual thoughts about “what might have been” typically evoke emotions such as regret and relief, yet little is known about how such emotions are processed during real-time language comprehension. This eye-tracking study examined h...
A new dyslexia screening test for Italian, Tiltan-IT, is presented. The test was developed based on an integrated dual-route model of reading, which describes in detail specific mechanisms underpinning early visual processes as well as the lexical an...
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