830 Results Found

The substrate-independence theory utilizes sensemaking techniques to provide cognitively based scaffolds that guide and structure learning. Scaffolds are cognitive abstractions of constraints that relate to information within a system. The substrate-...

Due to climate change, population increase, and the urban heat island effect (UHI), the demand for cooling energy, especially in urban areas, has increased and will further increase in the future. Technologies such as radiative cooling offer a sustai...

This perspective examines the role of chemistry and molecular biology for a science of consciousness. Opposed to the consensus view, we argue that the molecular organization of biological systems is key to arrive at a thorough understanding of the dy...

The ubiquitin–proteasome system is responsible for the bulk of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Proteins are generally targeted to the 26S proteasome through the attachment of polyubiquitin chains. Several proteins also contain ubiquiti...

Gel-immobilized colloidal amorphous structures comprise short-range-ordered monodisperse submicrometer particles embedded into a soft polymer gel. They exhibit an angle-independent structural color that is tunable in response to external stimuli via...

Biofouling is a common but significant issue in the membrane process as it reduces permeate flux, increases energy costs, and shortens the life span of membranes. As an effective antibacterial agent, a small amount of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) imm...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist in the conformational equilibrium between inactive state and active state, where the proportion of active state in the absence of a ligand determines the basal activity of GPCRs. Although many GPCRs have diff...

Mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix are crucial in guiding cellular behavior. Two-dimensional hydrogel substrates for cell cultures serve as exceptional tools for mechanobiology studies because they mimic the biomechanical and adhesive c...

Proteases are a group of enzymes with a catalytic function to hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins. Proteases regulate the activity, signaling mechanism, fate, and localization of many proteins, and their dysregulation is associated with various patho...

A readily configurable and scalable 2 µm laser source with multi-channel/wavelength fiber output could be advantageous to 2 µm applications such as spectral-beam combination or fiber communications. We report the first experimental realiz...

The Candida albicans RHR2 gene, which specifies a glycerol biosynthetic enzyme, is required for biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Prior studies indicate that RHR2 is ultimately required for expression of adhesin genes, such as ALS1. In fact, RH...

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) deposited on non-porous and porous blend substrates were studied. Films, prepared from two biodegradable polymers poly (D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and their blends were used as subs...

The 26S proteasome is the endpoint of the ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent degradation pathway. Over the years, ATP was regarded as completely essential for 26S proteasome function due to its role in ubiquitin-signaling, substrate unfolding and ensuring...

This article introduces a bioinspired, cicada wing-like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on template-stripped crossed surface relief grating (TS-CSRG). The substrate is polarization-independent, has tunable nanofeatures and ca...

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) is a member of the ADAM family of sheddases. Its genetic ablation in mice suggests that ADAM15 plays an important role in a wide variety of biological functions, including cartilage homeostasis. Neverth...

We demonstrate the growth of 3C-SiC with reduced planar defects on a micro-scale compliant substrate. Heteroepitaxial growth of 3C-SiC on trenches with a width and separation of 2 µm, etched into a Si(001) substrate, is found to suppress defect...

Biofilm is considered as the hotspot of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination. Bacterial growth substrates are important factors for biofilm formation, but its spatial–temporal effects on ARG spread in biofilm is still unclear. In this...

Mortars are still among the most used wall coatings, whether lime-based or cement-based or traditional and prepared in situ or pre-dosed. When these mortars are formulated and characterized, the influence of the substrate on their characteristics is...

Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is molecularly and biochemically distinct from other mammalian nucleotidyl cyclases. It is uniquely regulated directly by bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and calcium (Ca²⁺) ions and is responsive to physiologic fluctuations i...

Great interests have recently been aroused in the independent associative domain of glycoside hydrolases that utilize insoluble polysaccharides-carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), which responds to binding while the catalytic domain reacts with the su...

Future biogas plants must be able to produce biogas according to demand, which requires proactive feeding management. Therefore, the simulation of biogas production depending on the substrate supply is assumed. Most simulation models are based on the...

Neutrase 0.8L and N120P proteases were used for oligopeptide production from apricot almonds meal, and response surface design was carried out to optimize the effect of hydrolysis conditions on hydrolysis degree (DH) and oligopeptide yield rate. Four...

Nanoparticle gold films were deposited using femtosecond laser ablation in argon at atmospheric pressure in an arrangement where a flat Au target was irradiated through a transparent substrate in close proximity. Spatially extended films were made by...

The Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea strain CPMOR-1 expresses a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) with broad substrate specificity. Steady-state kinetic analysis of its reactivity towards the 20 proteinogenic amin...

In this work, a sol–gel spin coating method was applied to obtain ZnO and ZnO:Ga thin films on a glass and ITO-coated glass substrate. Their structural, optical, and electrical properties were investigated with respect to their dependence on th...

This paper presents a physically based numerical model to simulate droplet impact, spreading, and eventually rebound of a viscoelastic droplet. The simulations were based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method in conjunction with a dynamic contact model...

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a well-known phase-changing material that goes from a semiconducting state to a metallic one at a critical temperature of 68 °C, which is the closest to room temperature (25 °C). The electrical transition is also acc...

Graphene and its derivatives have been demonstrated to be good surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. However, the literature offers some contrasting views on the SERS effect of graphene-based materials. Thus, understanding the mechanis...

This work compares the deposition of aluminum nitride by magnetron sputtering on silicon to multilayer ceramic substrates. The variation of sputter parameters in a wide range following a fractional factorial experimental design generates diverse crys...

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats are typical precursors for carbon nanofibers. They can be fixed or even elongated during stabilization and subsequent carbonization to gain straight, mechanically robust carbon nanofibers. These processes necess...

PTEN is the second most highly mutated tumor suppressor in cancer, following only p53. The PTEN protein functions as a phosphatase with lipid- and protein-phosphatase activity. PTEN-lipid-phosphatase activity dephosphorylates PIP3 to form PIP2, and i...

Global identification of substrates for PTMs (post-translational modifications) represents a critical but yet dauntingly challenging task in understanding biology and disease pathology. Here we presented a synthetic biology approach, namely ‘YE...

Cereblon (CRBN), a primary target of immune-modulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), functions as a substrate receptor in the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (known as CRL4^CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Binding of IMiDs to CRBN redirects the CRL4^CRBN E3 ubiquitin lig...

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating cancer cell migration, metabolism, and malignancy, thus, highlighting the need to develop in vitro culture systems that can recapitulate its abnormal properties. While a variety of stiffn...

Ca²⁺-triggered coelenterazine-binding protein (CBP) is a natural form of the luciferase substrate involved in the Renilla bioluminescence reaction. It is a stable complex of coelenterazine and apoprotein that, unlike coelenterazine, is soluble and st...

In the background of 6G communication requiring a high data rate and energy efficiency, global coverage and connectivity, as well as high reliability and low latency, most existing reconfigurable metasurfaces face limitations in flexibility, integrab...

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.), an emerging halophyte species, represents a nutritious and refined food product. In this study, the effect on yield and quality of potted sea fennel grown on three posidonia (Podisonia oceanica (L.) Delile)-based c...

Tubular structures contribute to essential organ functions. Therefore, controlling tubulogenesis is essential for bottom-up tissue engineering approaches. Tissue engineering strategies to form tubular structures utilize extracellular matrix (ECM) com...

Designing high-efficiency antennas on textiles is fundamental for the development of wirelessly-connected smart garments. Furthermore, large antenna arrays could be used to receive or harvest directional and ambient radio-frequency (RF) power from th...

Protein homeostasis is a tightly conserved process that is regulated through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in a ubiquitin-independent or ubiquitin-dependent manner. Over the past two decades, the proteasome has become an excellent therapeutic...

The HeartPy Python toolkit for analysis of noisy signals from heart rate measurements is an excellent tool to use in conjunction with novel wearable sensors. Nevertheless, most of the work to date has focused on applying the toolkit to data measured...

Despite efforts to produce scalable, substrate-independent, low-defect-density, and high-quality MoS₂, this continues to be a critical challenge for industrial-scale applications. This work aims to present a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for...

We used DNA metabarcoding to compare macrozoobenthic species colonization between autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) and artificial seaweed monitoring systems (ASMS). We deployed both substrates in two different locations (Ría de Vig...

Flexible mechanical sensors based on nanomaterials operate on a deformation-response mechanism, making it challenging to discern different types of mechanical stimuli such as pressure and strain. Therefore, these sensors are susceptible to significan...

Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are peripheral membrane enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids in the sn-2 position. The action of sPLA2 is associated with the work of two active sites. One, the interface binding site (IBS), is needed to bind the e...

We propose a miniaturized quad-band filter (QBF), designed using substrate-integrated coaxial cavities (SICCs). The employed SICC structure consists of two vertically stacked substrates with a large circular patch embedded in between. The embedded pa...

ABCB4 is almost exclusively expressed in the liver, where it plays an essential role in bile formation by transporting phospholipids into the bile. ABCB4 polymorphisms and deficiencies in humans are associated with a wide spectrum of hepatobiliary di...

The buckling of graphene sheets on substrates can significantly degrade their performance in materials and devices. Therefore, a systematic investigation on the buckling behavior of monolayer graphene sheet/substrate systems is carried out in this pa...

An empirical method for simplified dimension estimation of patch antennas is proposed in this work based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). This method involves generating formulae to calculate substrate-independent antenna patch widths produced...

In multicomponent thin films, properties and functionalities related to post-deposition annealing treatments, such as thermal stability, optical absorption and surface morphology are typically rationalized, neglecting the role of the substrate. Here,...