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187 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,928 Views
16 Pages

Biodiesel is a renewable plant-based fuel as an alternative for fossil diesel fuel which has many advantages. However, its high content of unsaturated fatty acid causes an oxidation instability during storage. Numerous additives have been used and de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
8,460 Views
10 Pages

8 April 2013

Nearly 1% of all clinically used drugs are catecholics, a family of catechol-containing compounds. Using label-free dynamic mass redistribution and Tango β-arrestin translocation assays, we show that several catecholics, including benserazide, catech...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,863 Views
17 Pages

Impacts of Resveratrol and Pyrogallol on Physicochemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Epoxy-Resin Sealers

  • Naji Kharouf,
  • Salvatore Sauro,
  • Louis Hardan,
  • Amr Fawzi,
  • Ilona Eveline Suhanda,
  • Jihed Zghal,
  • Frédéric Addiego,
  • Christine Affolter-Zbaraszczuk,
  • Youri Arntz and
  • Davide Mancino
  • + 3 authors

This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental epoxy-resin sealers containing polyphenols such as resveratrol and pyrogallol. A conventional epoxy resin (OB) was modified by adding different concentration...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,476 Views
11 Pages

14 November 2024

Complexation between carnitine and acetylated or benzylated pyrogallol[4]arenes was studied in DMSO via dynamic NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and in the gas phase via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the presence of benzylated tetra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
15,298 Views
9 Pages

Pyrogallol Structure in Polyphenols is Involved in Apoptosis-induction on HEK293T and K562 Cells

  • Shinya Mitsuhashi,
  • Akiko Saito,
  • Noriyuki Nakajima,
  • Hiroshi Shima and
  • Makoto Ubukata

4 December 2008

As multiple mechanisms account for polyphenol-induced cytotoxicity, the development of structure-activity relationships (SARs) may facilitate research on cancer therapy. We studied SARs of representatives of 10 polyphenol structural types: (+)-catech...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,897 Views
12 Pages

Antibacterial and Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Dental Polymers Doped with Pyrogallol

  • Naji Kharouf,
  • Ammar Eid,
  • Louis Hardan,
  • Rim Bourgi,
  • Youri Arntz,
  • Hamdi Jmal,
  • Federico Foschi,
  • Salvatore Sauro,
  • Vincent Ball and
  • Davide Mancino
  • + 1 author

11 May 2021

This study investigated the antibacterial activity, bond strength to dentin (SBS), and ultra-morphology of the polymer–dentin interface of experimental adhesive systems doped with pyrogallol (PY), which is a ubiquitous phenolic moiety that is present...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
4,223 Views
12 Pages

16 August 2019

Though Pyrogallol, one of the natural polyphenols, was known to have anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects in breast and colon cancers, the underlying antitumor mechanisms of Pyrogallol, still remain unclear so far. Here, the antitumor mechanisms o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,954 Views
13 Pages

6 December 2018

To explore whether and how glucuronidation affects pyrogallol-type phytophenols, scutellarein and scutellarin (scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide) were comparatively investigated using a set of antioxidant analyses, including spectrophotometric analysis, U...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
934 Views
6 Pages

26 October 2023

Eugenol is the major component of cloves and clove-based products, which are widely used in food, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. Its content can be considered a marker of the sample quality. Therefore, simple, sensitive, and reliable meth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,354 Views
12 Pages

ŸKinetics of the Reaction of Pyrogallol Red, a Polyphenolic Dye, with Nitrous Acid: Role of Ÿ•NO and •NO2

  • Estefania Hugo,
  • Jael Reyes,
  • Elisa Montupil,
  • Raquel Bridi,
  • Eduardo Lissi,
  • Ana Denicola,
  • María Angélica Rubio and
  • Camilo López-Alarcón

8 June 2015

In the present work we studied the reaction under gastric conditions of pyrogallol red (PGR), a polyphenolic dye, with nitrous acid (HONO). PGR has been used as a model polyphenol due to its strong UV-visible absorption and its high reactivity toward...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,323 Views
24 Pages

Pyrogallol from Spirogyra neglecta Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulating Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

  • Punnida Arjsri,
  • Sariya Mapoung,
  • Warathit Semmarath,
  • Kamonwan Srisawad,
  • Wirote Tuntiwechapikul,
  • Supachai Yodkeeree and
  • Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,984 Views
12 Pages

19 June 2023

Antifouling coatings are critical for many biomedical devices. A simple and universal technique used to anchor antifouling polymers is important in order to expand its applications. In this study, we introduced the pyrogallol (PG)-assisted immobiliza...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,533 Views
15 Pages

This study explores the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and pyrogallol (1:1 molar ratio) for the recovery of lithium, cobalt, and nickel from spent lithium-ion battery cathodes based on LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 (NMC111...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
5,583 Views
11 Pages

Protective Effect of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava on Monocyte-Associated Vascular Dysfunction

  • Seyeon Oh,
  • Myeongjoo Son,
  • Hye Sun Lee,
  • Hyun-Soo Kim,
  • You-Jin Jeon and
  • Kyunghee Byun

9 November 2018

Ecklonia cava (E. cava) can alleviate vascular dysfunction in diseases associated with poor circulation. E. cava contains various polyphenols with different functions, but few studies have compared the effects of these polyphenols. Here, we comparati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,581 Views
16 Pages

Pyrogallol Detection Based on the Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework of Nanomaterial-Enhanced Chemiluminescence

  • Yanran Wang,
  • Zhiqiang Wang,
  • Yincheng Liu,
  • Zixuan Liu,
  • Zhan Gao,
  • Kuangjun Li,
  • Dajun Zhao,
  • Jing Wu and
  • Xuanhe Liu

The cobalt metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) is a kind of crystalline porous material within a periodic network structure, which is formed via the self-assembly of a Co metal center and a bridged organic ligand. In this paper, a Co-MOF was facilely sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,840 Views
15 Pages

Attenuation of Inflammation and Leptin Resistance by Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on in the Brain of Obese Animal Models

  • Myeongjoo Son,
  • Seyeon Oh,
  • Junwon Choi,
  • Ji Tae Jang,
  • Chang Hu Choi,
  • Kook Yang Park,
  • Kuk Hui Son and
  • Kyunghee Byun

14 November 2019

Obesity induces inflammation both in the adipose tissue and the brain. Activated macrophage infiltration, polarization of macrophages to a more inflammatory type (M1), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are related to brain inflammati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,985 Views
14 Pages

8 February 2022

Scavenging of electrogenerated superoxide radical anion (O2•−) by pyrogallol (PyH3) was investigated on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrolytic electron spin resonance spectrum in N,N-dimethylformamide with the aid of density functio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
821 Views
11 Pages

Carbon Quantum Dots Interactions with Pyrogallol, Benzoic Acid, and Gallic Acid: A Study on Their Non-Covalent Nature

  • Laura Andria,
  • Giancarlo Capitani,
  • Barbara La Ferla,
  • Heiko Lange,
  • Melissa Saibene,
  • Luca Zoia and
  • Barbara Vercelli

22 September 2025

Understanding the interactions between carbon quantum dots (CDs) and promising food preservatives (FPs), like pyrogallol (PG), benzoic acid (BA), and gallic acid (GA), is highly relevant. This knowledge is crucial for designing CD-based sensors capab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,488 Views
15 Pages

Investigation of Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Newly Synthesized Pyrogallol-Coumarin Hybrids: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

  • Dušica Simijonović,
  • Edina Avdović,
  • Sandra Jovičić Milić,
  • Marko Antonijević,
  • Dejan Milenković,
  • Katarina Marković,
  • Mirjana Grujović,
  • Danijela Lj. Stojković,
  • Milan Dekić and
  • Zoran Marković

Background: The aim of this study is to present the synthesis of two new compounds with promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties using precursors that contain pyrogallol and coumarin units. Methods: The characterization of the obtaine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
11,989 Views
16 Pages

Antioxidant Capacity of Pure Compounds and Complex Mixtures Evaluated by the ORAC-Pyrogallol Red Assay in the Presence of Triton X-100 Micelles

  • Max Romero,
  • Benjamin Rojano,
  • Jaime Mella-Raipán,
  • Carlos David Pessoa-Mahana,
  • Eduardo Lissi and
  • Camilo López-Alarcón

1 September 2010

The protective effect of different antioxidants and complex mixtures on the consumption of pyrogallol red (PGR) induced by peroxyl radicals was studied in the absence and presence of Triton X-100 micelles. The presence of micelles decreased significa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,393 Views
21 Pages

18 August 2022

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been associated with multiple beneficial effects. However, EGCG is known to be degraded by the gut microbiota. The present study investigated the hypothesis that microbial metabolism would create major catechol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,114 Views
14 Pages

Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6’-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Improved Blood Circulation in Diet-Induced Obese and Diet-Induced Hypertension Mouse Models

  • Myeongjoo Son,
  • Seyeon Oh,
  • Hye Sun Lee,
  • BoMi Ryu,
  • Yunfei Jiang,
  • Ji Tae Jang,
  • You-Jin Jeon and
  • Kyunghee Byun

8 May 2019

Blood circulation disorders, such as hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, are not easily cured by dietary supplements, but they can be mitigated. Although Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), as dietary supplements, are associated with improving the conditio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,418 Views
11 Pages

27 July 2020

Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic. This process is involved in arterial remodeling via the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway. Arte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
4,308 Views
15 Pages

16 December 2020

In hyperlipidemia, pyroptosis in endothelial cells (ECs) induces atherosclerosis via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. We evaluated the effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on pyroptosis of ECs...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,385 Views
13 Pages

11 September 2020

Advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs (AGEs/RAGEs) or Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype changes in osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification. We analyzed the effect of Ecklonia cava ext...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,540 Views
12 Pages

Antibacterial Activity of the Pyrogallol against Staphylococcus aureus Evaluated by Optical Image

  • Lígia C. C. Oliveira,
  • Francisco A. A. Rodrigues,
  • Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa,
  • Joycy Francely Sampaio dos Santos,
  • Nair Silva Macêdo,
  • Zildene de Sousa Silveira,
  • Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho and
  • Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha

20 May 2022

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is used to define the lowest concentration at which a substance can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to evaluate the MIC of pyrogallol against Staphylococcus aureus and to propose a method for buil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,160 Views
8 Pages

Analytical Method Development and Dermal Absorption of Pyrogallol, a Hair Dye Ingredient

  • Yu-Jin Kim,
  • Hyang-Yeon Kim,
  • Jung-Dae Lee,
  • Hong-Yoon Kim,
  • Jueng-Eun Im and
  • Kyu-Bong Kim

29 September 2022

Pyrogallol is an ingredient in hair dye. Its concentration in hair dye is managed at less than 2.0% in Korea. There have been no reports on the dermal absorption rate of pyrogallol. The two purposes of this study were to develop an analytical method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,616 Views
15 Pages

Use of Pyrogallol Red and Pyranine as Probes to Evaluate Antioxidant Capacities towards Hypochlorite

  • Fernanda Pérez-Cruz,
  • Contanza Cortés,
  • Elias Atala,
  • Pamela Bohle,
  • Francisco Valenzuela,
  • Claudio Olea-Azar,
  • Hernán Speisky,
  • Alexis Aspée,
  • Eduardo Lissi and
  • Raquel Bridi
  • + 1 author

28 January 2013

Hypochlorite is a strong oxidant able to induce deleterious effects in biological systems. The goal of this work was to investigate the use of PGR and PYR as probes in assays aimed at evaluating antioxidant activities towards hypochorite and apply it...

  • Article
  • Open Access
692 Views
12 Pages

Study of the Thermodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution of the Cyclocondensation Products of Pyrogallol and Propanaldehyde

  • Mauricio Maldonado,
  • Diana Martínez,
  • Almudena Crespo,
  • Edilma Sanabria and
  • Miguel A. Esteso

6 October 2025

Pyrogallol[4]arenes are polyhydroxylated compounds obtained by condensation between pyrogallol and different aldehydes. Depending on both the type of aldehyde (aromatic or aliphatic) and the reaction time, these compounds can be obtained in different...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,208 Views
12 Pages

23 July 2025

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive a-dicarbonyl compound produced in foods and endogenously in humans and constitutes a predominant precursor of advanced glycation end products that contribute to the pathology of several diseases, including dia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,145 Views
22 Pages

22 October 2021

(Poly)phenol-derived metabolites are small molecules resulting from (poly)phenol metabolization after ingestion that can be found in circulation. In the last decade, studies on the impact of (poly)phenol properties in health and cellular metabolism a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,214 Views
18 Pages

In Situ Reactive Extrusion of LDPE Films with Methacrylated Pyrogallol for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Active Packaging

  • Sharifa Salma Sulistiawan,
  • Kambiz Sadeghi,
  • Ritesh Kumar,
  • Dowan Kim and
  • Jongchul Seo

25 January 2025

Reactive extrusion is a scalable technology for active packaging that promotes food quality and safety. This study investigated the grafting of a methacrylate pyrogallol (PGMC) active agent onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) through an in situ reac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,171 Views
23 Pages

22 October 2025

Background/Objectives: Hepatotoxicity remains a major therapeutic challenge driven by oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the hepatoprotective potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from ethanolic garlic pe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,723 Views
9 Pages

Polyphenols Coordinated with Cu (II) in an Aqueous System Build Ion-Channel Coatings on Hair Surfaces

  • Lei Jin,
  • Daemyoung Yun,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Jinsung Lee,
  • Hongchul Shin,
  • Donghyuk Kim,
  • Tae-Bong Kang,
  • Hyung-Sik Won,
  • Hohyoun Jang and
  • Whangi Kim

4 February 2023

Recently, developments in the field of cosmetics have led to a renewed interest in hair dyeing. However, damage to the hair during the dyeing process has increased hesitation in attempting hair dyeing. As a result, hair dyes with minimal side effects...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,694 Views
11 Pages

The synthesis of phenyl-resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes is known to produce a conformational mixture of cone and chair isomers. Depending on the synthesis conditions the composition of the conformational mixture is variable; however, the cone con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
7,265 Views
12 Pages

Bioconversion of Biomass-Derived Phenols Catalyzed by Myceliophthora thermophila Laccase

  • Anastasia Zerva,
  • Nikolaos Manos,
  • Stamatina Vouyiouka,
  • Paul Christakopoulos and
  • Evangelos Topakas

Biomass-derived phenols have recently arisen as an attractive alternative for building blocks to be used in synthetic applications, due to their widespread availability as an abundant renewable resource. In the present paper, commercial laccase from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
7,118 Views
9 Pages

16 April 2013

The glycine betaine (betaine), interacts with several types of proteins with diverse structures in vivo, and in the contact regions, the aromatic rings of protein residues are frequently found beside the trimethylammonium group of betaine, implying t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,412 Views
14 Pages

28 October 2019

Ecklonia cava (E. cava) can alleviate diet-induced obesity in animal models, and phlorotannins contained in E. cava help prevent hypertrophy-induced adipocyte differentiation. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is well known to induc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,831 Views
16 Pages

Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Miang Extract: Growth Inhibition and Change in Protein Expression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

  • Pannita Anek,
  • Sutita Kumpangcum,
  • Sittiruk Roytrakul,
  • Chartchai Khanongnuch,
  • Chalermpong Saenjum and
  • Kulwadee Phannachet

The rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant strains, leads to the limitation of available effective antibiotics. Miang, known as chewing tea, is produced from Camellia s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,630 Views
10 Pages

24 October 2019

The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury causes serious complications after the blood supply to the kidney is stopped during surgery. The main mechanism of I/R injury is the release of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) from injured tubular epithel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
10,725 Views
9 Pages

Determination of Trace Antimony (III) by Adsorption Voltammetry at Carbon Paste Electrode

  • Huishi Guo,
  • Yiheng Li,
  • Xiaokang Chen,
  • Libo Nie and
  • Nongyue He

4 May 2005

This work presents a sensitive method for the determination of trace antimonybased on the antimony-pyrogallol red (PGR) adsorption at a carbon paste electrode (CPE).The optimal conditions were to use an electrode containing 25% paraffin oil and 75%hi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,329 Views
15 Pages

Multipurpose Iron-Chelating Ligands Inspired by Bioavailable Molecules

  • Elena Cini,
  • Guido Crisponi,
  • Alessandra Fantasia,
  • Rosita Cappai,
  • Sofia Siciliano,
  • Giuseppe Di Florio,
  • Valeria M. Nurchi and
  • Maddalena Corsini

11 January 2024

Because of their capacity to bind metals, metal chelators are primarily employed for therapeutic purposes, but they can also find applications as colorimetric reagents and cleaning solutions as well as in soil remediation, electroplating, waste treat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,865 Views
20 Pages

Diastereoselective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spiro[chromane-2,4′-pyrimidin]-2′(3′H)-ones as Novel Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents

  • Alena S. Karandeeva,
  • Natalia A. Bogdanova,
  • Mariya V. Kabanova,
  • Sergey I. Filimonov,
  • Zhanna V. Chirkova,
  • Anna A. Romanycheva,
  • Valeria A. Panova,
  • Anton A. Shetnev,
  • Nurila A. Togyzbayeva and
  • Kyrill Yu. Suponitsky
  • + 2 authors

14 July 2025

This study reports an improved diastereoselective synthesis of substituted spiro[chromane-2,4′-pyrimidin]-2′(3′H)-ones via the acid-catalyzed condensation of 6-styryl-4-aryldihydropyrimidin-2-ones with resorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
5,233 Views
12 Pages

Fermentation of medicinal herbs can be a significant technique to obtain bioactive compounds. Paeoniae Radix (PR) used in the present study is a well-known herbal medicine that exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,417 Views
14 Pages

Comparative Study of Different H2S Donors as Vasodilators and Attenuators of Superoxide-Induced Endothelial Damage

  • Elisabetta Marini,
  • Barbara Rolando,
  • Federica Sodano,
  • Federica Blua,
  • Giulia Concina,
  • Stefano Guglielmo,
  • Loretta Lazzarato and
  • Konstantin Chegaev

1 February 2023

In the last years, research proofs have confirmed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in various physio-pathological processes, such as oxidation, inflammation, neurophysiology, and cardiovascular protection; in particular, the protec...

  • Review
  • Open Access
90 Citations
11,621 Views
22 Pages

26 July 2022

The shikimate pathway is a necessary pathway for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. The intermediate products of the shikimate pathway and its branching pathway have promising properties in many fields, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,823 Views
18 Pages

Saxifraga spinulosa-Derived Components Rapidly Inactivate Multiple Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2

  • Yohei Takeda,
  • Toshihiro Murata,
  • Dulamjav Jamsransuren,
  • Keisuke Suganuma,
  • Yuta Kazami,
  • Javzan Batkhuu,
  • Duger Badral and
  • Haruko Ogawa

28 June 2020

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), and norovirus (NV) are highly contagious pathogens that threaten human health. Here we focused on the antiviral potential of the medicinal herb, Saxifraga sp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,799 Views
15 Pages

27 December 2022

Wine is a kind of beverage with a variety of compounds beneficial to human health, which makes it popular all over the world and it contributes importantly to economics. The excessive oxidation of wine has always been a major problem in wine producti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
446 Views
16 Pages

Background: The aqueous and methanolic extracts (AE and ME) of Bergenia ciliata leaves have contradictory silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesis potential, influenced by photoirradiation. Method: In the current study, photoirradiation-mediated AgNP sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,575 Views
19 Pages

The Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings to Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

  • Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa,
  • Dariusz Pańka,
  • Karol Lisiecki and
  • Grzegorz Lemańczyk

23 January 2024

With the advancement of nanotechnology and the increasing utilization of nanoparticles (NPs), their production and release into the environment are on the rise. Consequently, it is crucial to continuously monitor the toxicity of nanoparticles for hum...

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