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Article

Attenuating Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Changes to Osteoblastic Cells and Vascular Calcification Induced by High Fat Diet

1
Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
2
Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
3
Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea
4
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors equally contributed to the paper.
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2777; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092777
Received: 5 August 2020 / Revised: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 / Published: 11 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health)
Advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs (AGEs/RAGEs) or Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype changes in osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification. We analyzed the effect of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) or pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) on VSMC phenotype changes and vascular calcification prompted by a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD unregulated RAGE, TLR4, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), protein kinase C (PKC), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signals in the aorta of mice. ECE and PPB restored the increase of those signal pathways. AGE- or palmitate-treated VSMC indicated similar changes with the animal. HFD increased osteoblast-like VSMC, which was evaluated by measuring core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFα-1) and osteocalcin expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the aorta. ECE and PPB reduced vascular calcification, which was analyzed by the calcium deposition ratio, and Alizarin red S stain was increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, which increased by HFD. PPB and ECE reduced the phenotype changes of VSMC to osteoblast-like cells and vascular calcification and therefore lowered the blood pressure. View Full-Text
Keywords: receptor of AGEs; Toll-like receptor 4; Ecklonia cava extract; pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; vascular calcification receptor of AGEs; Toll-like receptor 4; Ecklonia cava extract; pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; vascular calcification
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MDPI and ACS Style

Son, M.; Oh, S.; Jang, J.T.; Park, C.-H.; Son, K.H.; Byun, K. Attenuating Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Changes to Osteoblastic Cells and Vascular Calcification Induced by High Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092777

AMA Style

Son M, Oh S, Jang JT, Park C-H, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Changes to Osteoblastic Cells and Vascular Calcification Induced by High Fat Diet. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9):2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092777

Chicago/Turabian Style

Son, Myeongjoo, Seyeon Oh, Ji T. Jang, Chul-Hyun Park, Kuk H. Son, and Kyunghee Byun. 2020. "Attenuating Effects of Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Changes to Osteoblastic Cells and Vascular Calcification Induced by High Fat Diet" Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092777

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