In 2016, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced an open competition with the goal of finding and standardizing suitable algorithms for quantum-resistant cryptography. This study presents a detailed, mathematically oriente...
Cryptography has been used from time immemorial for preserving the confidentiality of data/information in storage or transit. Thus, cryptography research has also been evolving from the classical Caesar cipher to the modern cryptosystems, based on mo...
Recent developments in quantum computing have shed light on the shortcomings of the conventional public cryptosystem. Even while Shor’s algorithm cannot yet be implemented on quantum computers, it indicates that asymmetric key encryption will n...
Recent advances in quantum computing have prompted urgent consideration of the migration of classical cryptographic systems to post-quantum alternatives. However, it is impossible to fully understand the impact that migrating to current Post-Quantum...
Information security is a fundamental and urgent issue in the digital transformation era. Cryptographic techniques and digital signatures have been applied to protect and authenticate relevant information. However, with the advent of quantum computer...
The development of quantum computers presents a great challenge for current cryptographic algorithms. Post-quantum cryptography has been proposed to secure against quantum computers in the near future. Modular polynomial multiplication is a frequent...
The swift advancement of quantum computing devices holds the potential to create robust machines that can tackle an extensive array of issues beyond the scope of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computing machines create new risks at a v...
In the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities posing significant threats to current cryptographic protocols, the need for post-quantum cryptography has become increasingly urgent. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the performa...
As quantum computing advances, current cryptographic protocols are increasingly vulnerable to quantum attacks, particularly those based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) like RSA or Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). This paper presents a comprehens...
With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, traditional cryptographic systems are facing unprecedented challenges. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), as a new cryptographic technology that can resist attacks from quantum computers, has...
Advances in quantum computers may pose a significant threat to existing public-key encryption methods, which are crucial to the current infrastructure of cyber security. Both RSA and ECDSA, the two most widely used security algorithms today, may be (...
Quantum computing is a game-changing technology that affects modern cryptography and security systems including distributed energy resources (DERs) systems. Since the new quantum era is coming soon in 5–10 years, it is crucial to prepare and de...
The security of Smart Meter (SM) systems will be a challenge in the era of quantum computing because a quantum computer might exploit characteristics of well-established cryptographic schemes to reach a successful security breach. From a practical pe...
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) provides the essential cryptographic algorithms needed to secure digital networking systems against future adversaries equipped with quantum computing. This paper reviews the PQC research landscape and identifies open...
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has been widely used to speed up polynomial multiplication in lattice-based post-quantum algorithms. All NTT operands use modular arithmetic, especially modular multiplication, which significantly influences NTT h...
The emergence of quantum computing threatens the security of classical cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and ECC. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) offers mathematically secure alternatives, but migration is a complex, multi-year undertaking. Unlike...
As quantum computing continues to advance, it threatens the long-term protection of traditional cryptographic methods, especially in biometric authentication systems where it is important to protect sensitive data. To overcome this challenge, we pres...
The emergence of large-scale quantum computing presents an imminent threat to contemporary public-key cryptosystems, with quantum algorithms such as Shor’s algorithm capable of efficiently breaking RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Thi...
The rapid expansion of satellite networks for advanced communication and space exploration has ensured that robust cybersecurity for inter-satellite links has become a critical challenge. Traditional security models rely on centralized trust authorit...
Aiming at the problem of energy-efficient design of polynomial coefficient generation algorithms and reconfigurable units in lattice-based post-quantum cryptography, this paper investigates and implements an efficient coefficient generation accelerat...
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is rapidly being standardized, with key primitives such as Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs) and Digital Signature Algorithms (DSAs) moving into practical applications. While initial research focused on pure software...
In the near future, commercially accessible quantum computers are anticipated to revolutionize the world as we know it. These advanced machines are predicted to render traditional cryptographic security measures, deeply ingrained in contemporary comm...
The advancement of quantum computing threatens the security of conventional public-key cryptosystems. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) was introduced to ensure data confidentiality in communication channels, and various algorithms are being developed....
Owing to the expansion of non-face-to-face activities, security issues in video conferencing systems are becoming more critical. In this paper, we focus on the end-to-end encryption (E2EE) function among the security services of video conferencing sy...
Large organizations face a critical systems integration challenge when executing multiple concurrent security modernization programs. This paper examines the U.S. Department of Defense’s simultaneous implementation of three transformational ini...
In an age of AI-generated content and deepfakes, fake news and disinformation are increasingly spread using manipulated or fabricated images. To address this challenge, we introduce Post-Quantum VerITAS, a cryptographic framework for verifying the au...
This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet-based instant messaging application that leverages post-quantum cryptographic algorithms founded on isogenies of elliptic curves. The system employs the CSIDH cryptosystem for key excha...
The security of the digital certificates used in authenticating network devices relies on cryptographic algorithms like the RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum attacks. This study addresses the urgent need to secure the Simple Certificate En...
To address the growing threat of quantum computing to classical cryptographic primitives, this study introduces NTRU-MCF, a novel lattice-based signature scheme that integrates multidimensional lattice structures with fractional-order chaotic systems...
With the rapid advancement of quantum computing technology, traditional encryption methods are encountering unprecedented challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain systems, and digital learning (e-learning) platforms. Therefore, we syste...
The advancements in quantum computing and the potential for polynomial-time solutions to traditional public key cryptography (i.e., Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC)) using Shor’s algorithm pose a ser...
Code-based cryptography is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography due to its strong security guarantees and efficient implementations. In this paper, we explore the use of code-based cryptography for multi-party computation and digital s...
As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand into mission-critical and long-lived applications, securing low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) such as Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) against both classical and quantum threats becomes imperative. Exist...
Cryptography is very essential in our daily life, not only for confidentiality of information, but also for information integrity verification, non-repudiation, authentication, and other aspects. In modern society, cryptography is widely used; everyt...
With the rapid growth of connected vehicles and the vulnerability of embedded systems against cyber attacks in an era where quantum computers are becoming a reality, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is a crucial solution. Yet, by nature, automotive se...
As the most popular cryptographic scheme in the post-quantum field, lattices have received extensive attention and research. Not only do they provide quantum-resistant security, they also enable the construction of complex applications. Currently, la...
Ever since the appearance of quantum computers, prime factoring and discrete logarithm-based cryptography have been questioned, giving birth to the so-called post-quantum cryptography. The most prominent field in post-quantum cryptography is lattice-...
Multiplications in
Public-key cryptography provides security for digital systems and communication. Traditional cryptographic solutions are constantly improved, e.g., to suppress brute-force attacks. However, Shor’s algorithm suited for quantum computers can brea...
The emergence of quantum computers threatens current cryptographic systems, and NIST is preparing for the post-quantum era through the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) contest. CRYSTALS-Kyber is a lattice-based cipher suite that is used as a PQC stand...
This article investigates the Q-Problem, a novel theoretical framework for post-quantum cryptography. It aims to redefine cryptographic hardness by moving away from problems with unique solutions toward problems that admit multiple indistinguishable...
This research aims to establish a secure system for key exchange by using post-quantum cryptography (PQC) schemes in the classic channel of quantum key distribution (QKD). Modern cryptography faces significant threats from quantum computers, which ca...
The side-channel security of lattice-based post-quantum cryptography has gained extensive attention since the standardization of post-quantum cryptography. Based on the leakage mechanism in the decapsulation stage of LWE/LWR-based post-quantum crypto...
The nascent quantum computing brings unprecedented threats to the security roots of blockchain technology, potentially compromising cryptographic protocols securing decentralized systems. This review paper discusses the developing quantum threat scen...
Current improvements in quantum computing present a substantial challenge to classical cryptographic systems, which typically rely on problems that can be solved in polynomial time using quantum algorithms. Consequently, post-quantum cryptography (PQ...
The advent of quantum computing presents a significant threat to the security of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, necessitating the adoption of new cryptographic mechanisms resilient to quantum-based attacks. This need is particularly critical fo...
CRYSTALS-Kyber has been standardized as a general public-key post-quantum algorithm under the name of ML-KEM after NIST released its first three final post-quantum standards in August 2024. The resilience of post-quantum cryptography to side-channel...
Post-quantum threshold cryptography requires complete elimination of classical assumptions to achieve genuine quantum resistance. This work presents a fully lattice-based dealerless distributed key generation (DKG) protocol with threshold CRYSTALS&nd...
The rapid development of quantum computing devices promises powerful machines with the potential to confront a variety of problems that conventional computers cannot. Therefore, quantum computers generate new threats at unprecedented speed and scale...
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses significant threats to classical cryptographic methods, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which currently secure Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud...
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