Polytrauma induces neuroendocrine, inflammatory, neurological, and multiorgan responses that may follow distinct temporal trajectories. We characterized these changes during the first 7 days after experimental head–thorax–abdomen polytrau...
Background: Cardiotoxicity remains a concern across cancer therapies. To date, there is a lack of extensive studies evaluating the potential impact of radioligand therapy (RLT) on myocardial injury in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), parti...
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disorder characterized by immune dysregulation, metabolic impairments, neuroendocrine disturbances, endothelial dysfunction, and gastrointestinal abnormalities....
ATRX is a chromatin remodeller that maintains telomere homeostasis. Loss of ATRX is described in approximately 10% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) and associated with poorer prognostic features. Here, we present a genetically engineere...
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of stress-induced immunosuppression and developing reliable diagnostic methods are important tasks in clinical medicine. This will allow for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatm...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with neuroendocrine dysfunction which may contribute to co-morbid stress-sensitive disorders. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or -gonadal (HPG) axes are perturbed in up to 50% of HIV patients....
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex, multi-system disorder involving interactions among metabolic dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, and neuroendocrine dysregulation, rather than a condition confined to...
Peripartum depression (PPD) represents one of the most prevalent and disabling psychiatric conditions among women, yet its underlying biology remains poorly integrated across medical disciplines. Emerging evidence highlights PPD as a prototypical dis...
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are characterized by a wide clinical heterogeneity and biological variability, with slow progression and long survival in most cases. Although these tumors can affect young adults, there are few studies that focus on th...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among military personnel and contact sport athletes who are frequently exposed to repeated blast overpressure waves and mild concussive impacts, respectively. Whil...
We report a case of a previously undiagnosed panhypopituitarism initially presenting as a full-blown Addisonian crisis with hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypotension and neuropsychological symptoms, more than 30 years after a severe traumatic brain inj...
This study investigates the sex-specific role of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal axis in Alzheimer’s disease progression, utilizing ADNI1 data for 493 individuals, analyzing plasma levels of gonadotropic and sex hormones, and exa...
Stroke is a life-threatening condition in which accurate diagnoses and timely treatment are critical for successful neurological recovery. The current acute treatment strategies, particularly non-invasive interventions, are limited, thus urging the n...
Esports and gaming resemble traditional sports and physical activity because both involve sustained cognitive and emotional stress; however, this stress occurs against a background of prolonged sedentary behavior. This narrative review examines the n...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from hormone secreting cells. These tumors are often associated with a dysfunction of their secretory activity. Neuroendocrine secretion occurs through calcium-regulate...
Neuroendocrine influences on cognitive (dys)function are well recognized [...]
Endocrine dysfunction is a common effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition to affecting the regulation of important body functions, the disruption of endocrine physiology can significantly impair mental functions, such as attention, memory...
Obesity is redefined as a complex systemic disease, transcending mere caloric imbalance, driven by intricate dysregulation across metabolic, neuroendocrine, immunological, and epigenetic axes. Central to its pathology is adipose tissue, which is cons...
Background/Objectives: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease traditionally viewed through a purely dermatologic lens. However, this perspective fails to explain stress-induced flares, menstrual cycle-linked exacerbation...
Traumatic brain injury is not a discrete event but an unfolding sequence of damage to the central nervous system. Not only the acute phase but also the subacute and chronic period after injury, i.e., during inpatient rehabilitation, is characterized...
Background: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is a well-established technique for the treatment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor Preservation of normal gland tissue is crucial to retain effective neuroendocrine pituitary function. The aim of t...
Bone loss is common in patients affected by pituitary and neuroendocrine disorders as both hormone excess and hormone deficiency can affect bone structure. There is increasing evidence that pituitary hormones directly influence bone cells turnover by...
The severity and invasiveness of clinical outcomes from organic responses to trauma are influenced by individual, surgical, and anesthetic factors. A stress response elicits neuroendocrine and immune reactions that may lead to multi-organ dysfunction...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with neuroinflammation, autonomic dysfunction, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between salivary cortisol, xerostomia...
Sepsis is a systemic, deleterious inflammatory host response triggered by an infective agent leading to severe sepsis, septic shock and multi-organ failure. The host response to infection involves a complex, organized and coherent interaction between...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common and significant public health problem all over the world. Until recently, TBI has been recognized as an uncommon cause of hypopituitarism. The studies conducted during the last 15 years revealed that TBI is a...
Adipocytes produce the hormone leptin, a hormone that links energy availability to reproductive function by permitting activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Loss-of-function mutations in the long leptin receptor iso...
Nearly half of cancer patients suffer from cachexia, a metabolic syndrome characterized by progressive atrophy of fat and lean body mass. This state of excess catabolism decreases quality of life, ability to tolerate treatment and eventual survival,...
Atrazine is an herbicide commonly used on crops to prevent broadleaf weeds. Atrazine is an endocrine-disrupting chemical mainly targeting the neuroendocrine system and associated axes, especially as a reproductive toxicant through attenuation of the...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and remains a major unmet medical challenge in aging societies. Although amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau pathology are hallmark features of AD, the limite...
This review aims at defining the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the sport-induced restrictions of the reproductive axis in female athletes. Episodic gonadotropin release was found to be compromised, presumably a result of impaired hypothalamic...
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p-NETs) are rare tumors with a recent growing incidence. In the 2017 WHO classification, p-NETs are classified into well-differentiated (i.e., p-NETs grade 1 to 3) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas...
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) constitute a heterogenous group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells scattered throughout the body. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) is a treatment of choice of unresectable metastasized progress...
Transport stress (TS) significantly impacts immune function and infection, of which the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of TS on immune responses and its role in exacerbating Mycobacterium...
Shift work is an essential component of modern occupational systems but represents a major source of circadian misalignment associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and selected gastrointestinal disorders. The biological pathways underlying these as...
Frozen shoulder (FS) is a complex and multifactorial condition characterized by persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic dysregulation. Despite extensive research, the underlying drivers of FS remain poorly understood. Recent findings indicat...
Autoimmune diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance to self-antigens. While genetic and environmental factors play key roles, growing evidence highlights chronic stress as a significant contribut...
Background and Objectives: Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a nutritional strategy capable of modulating circadian alignment, metabolic efficiency, and neuroendocrine regulation in individuals with obesity. Among the neurobiological mediators...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces complex molecular and neuroendocrine alterations that extend beyond the site of injury. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a hierarchically organized neuroendocrine system composed of the h...
Psychological stress arises when individuals perceive demands as exceeding their capacity to cope. Social stress can be acute, such as giving a presentation, producing transient increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and neuroendocrine activation,...
Consumption of high amounts of ethanol is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension. The hypertensive state induced by ethanol is a complex multi-factorial event, and oxidative stress is a pathophysiologic...
Several reproductive issues in both men and women are caused by changes in the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). For males to sustain spermatogenesis and Leydig cell function, and for females to e...
This article examines the biological, genetic, and environmental aspects of fibromyalgia that may have an impact on its pathogenesis. Symptoms of fibromyalgia may be related to aberrations in the endogenous inhibition of pain as well as changes in th...
Although very common, the precise mechanisms that explain the symptomatology of neuroendocrine syncope (NES) remain poorly understood. This disease, which can be very incapacitating, manifests itself as a drop in blood pressure secondary to vasodilat...
Cognitive dysfunction represents one of the most persistent and disabling features of Long COVID, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms...
Water is essential for metabolism, substrate transport across membranes, cellular homeostasis, temperature regulation, and circulatory function. Although nutritional and physiological research teams and professional organizations have described the d...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by hyperphagia, hyperglycemia and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. We have reported previously that daily leptin injections help to alleviate these symptoms. Therefore, we...
Social isolation and loneliness represent critical psychosocial stressors associated with profound hormonal dysregulation and adverse behavioral outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence on neuroendocrine mechanisms linking perceived and obj...
This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of chronic stress and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The focus is on the interplay between cortisol,...
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), characterized by an additional X-chromosome in males, manifests in a wide range of neuroendocrine and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals with KS often face increased risks of hormonal dysfunction, leading to depression and a...
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