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6,940 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,586 Views
18 Pages

Detecting All Non-Dominated Points for Multi-Objective Multi-Index Transportation Problems

  • Abd Elazeem M. Abd Elazeem,
  • Abd Allah A. Mousa,
  • Mohammed A. El-Shorbagy,
  • Sayed K. Elagan and
  • Yousria Abo-Elnaga

28 January 2021

Multi-dimensional transportation problems denoted as multi-index are considered as the extension of classical transportation problems and are appropriate practical modeling for solving real–world problems with multiple supply, multiple demand, as wel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,918 Views
15 Pages

17 November 2022

It has been obtained that the n-th derivative of the 2-parametric Mittag–Leffler function is a 3-parametric Mittag–Leffler function, with exactness to a constant. Following the analogy, the author later obtained the n-th derivative of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,252 Views
14 Pages

9 March 2021

Due to the nonlinear and nonminimum phase characteristics of the buck-boost converter, the design of its controller has always been a challenging problem. In this paper, a multi-index feedback linearization control strategy is proposed to design the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,102 Views
16 Pages

19 April 2025

Under cavitation conditions, hydraulic turbines can suffer from mechanical damage, which will shorten their useful life and reduce power generation efficiency. Timely detection of cavitation phenomena in hydraulic turbines is critical for ensuring op...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,685 Views
16 Pages

28 February 2024

Debris flow early warning is an effective method to prevent major disasters, so a multi-index fusion debris flow early warning model based on spatial interpolation and a support vector machine is designed. Aiming at the discrete rainfall data in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,555 Views
14 Pages

5 January 2022

In research on complex networks, mining relatively important nodes is a challenging and practical work. However, little research has been done on mining relatively important nodes in complex networks, and the existing relatively important node mining...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,261 Views
38 Pages

6 January 2020

In China, relevant standards about building energy efficiency and green buildings have resulted in corresponding requirements for the envelope thermal performance. However, improvement of the thermal performance of the envelope is accompanied by an i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
199 Views
29 Pages

This study presents a multi-index performance approach that moves beyond the conventional reliance on compressive strength, offering a more holistic evaluation of nano-silica-enhanced binders in resource-efficient alkali-activated composites. Based o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
310 Views
20 Pages

25 January 2026

This study presents a multi-index performance system that is systematically used to assess the binder synergy and fly ash reactivity of eco-sustainable cementitious composite (ESCC) using the Strength Activity Index (SAI) as a reference in line with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,452 Views
17 Pages

22 September 2025

Edge computing offers low-latency and distributed processing for IoT applications but poses new security challenges, due to limited resources and decentralized data. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are essential for real-time threat monitoring, ye...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,022 Views
18 Pages

10 February 2023

Critical flavonoids from Semen Hoveniae have huge potential bioactivities on hypoglycemic. A multi-index comprehensive assessment based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was performed to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from Sem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,098 Views
26 Pages

Multi-Index Approach to Assess and Monitor Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in the Mediterranean Region: Case of the Upper Oum Er Rabia Watershed, Morocco

  • Mohammed Mouad Mliyeh,
  • Yassine Ait Brahim,
  • Eleni-Ioanna Koutsovili,
  • Ourania Tzoraki,
  • Ahmed Zian,
  • Mourad Aqnouy and
  • Lahcen Benaabidate

29 October 2024

Drought is a severe disaster, increasingly exacerbated by climate change, and poses significant challenges worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Morocco. This study aims to assess and monitor drought using a multi-index approach...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,055 Views
24 Pages

28 August 2021

Seismic performance assessment of water distribution systems (WDSs) based on hydraulic simulation is essential for resilience evaluation of WDSs under earthquake disasters. The assessment is mainly to determine how the water supply will be affected d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,651 Views
17 Pages

In recent years, increasing drought events due to climate change have led to water scarcity issues in Taiwan, severely impacting the economy and ecosystems. Understanding drought is crucial. This study used Landsat 8 satellite imagery, rainfall, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,125 Views
21 Pages

Multi-Index Grading Method for Pear Appearance Quality Based on Machine Vision

  • Zeqing Yang,
  • Zhimeng Li,
  • Ning Hu,
  • Mingxuan Zhang,
  • Wenbo Zhang,
  • Lingxiao Gao,
  • Xiangyan Ding,
  • Zhengpan Qi and
  • Shuyong Duan

The appearance quality of fruits affects consumers’ judgment of their value, and grading the quality of fruits is an effective means to improve their added value. The purpose of this study is to transform the grading of pear appearance quality...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,448 Views
20 Pages

Multi-Index Evaluation for Flood Disaster from Sustainable Perspective: A Case Study of Xinjiang in China

  • Yudan Dou,
  • Xiaolong Xue,
  • Zebin Zhao,
  • Xiaowei Luo,
  • Ankang Ji and
  • Ting Luo

The floods have undermined the sustainable construction of cities because of their sudden and destruction. To reduce the losses caused by floods, it is necessary to make a reasonable evaluation for historical floods and provide scientific guidance fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
800 Views
20 Pages

Multi-Index Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Drying Techniques for Citrus Peels Based on Entropy Weight Method

  • Yutong Zhu,
  • Xiaoyu Tian,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Jianrong Cai,
  • Zhenwei Feng,
  • Jingke Zhu and
  • Junwen Bai

25 November 2025

This study examined the effects of hot-air drying (HAD), infrared drying (IRD), and microwave-infrared combined drying (MICD) on the drying characteristics and quality of citrus peels. Increasing temperature and microwave power significantly shortene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
131 Citations
22,687 Views
24 Pages

Separating Built-Up Areas from Bare Land in Mediterranean Cities Using Sentinel-2A Imagery

  • Paria Ettehadi Osgouei,
  • Sinasi Kaya,
  • Elif Sertel and
  • Ugur Alganci

10 February 2019

In this research work, a multi-index-based support vector machine (SVM) classification approach has been proposed to determine the complex and morphologically heterogeneous land cover/use (LCU) patterns of cities, with a special focus on separating b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,035 Views
21 Pages

17 August 2023

In serving as a pivotal strategy for curbing urban sprawl, large-scale urban green belts, being a significant constituent of the urban green space, have been ubiquitously employed in the scheming and fabrication of green space systems in global megac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,220 Views
32 Pages

A New Method (MINDED-BA) for Automatic Detection of Burned Areas Using Remote Sensing

  • Eduardo R. Oliveira,
  • Leonardo Disperati and
  • Fátima L. Alves

20 December 2021

This work presents a change detection method (MINDED-BA) for determining burned extents from multispectral remote sensing imagery. It consists of a development of a previous model (MINDED), originally created to estimate flood extents, combining a mu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,272 Views
18 Pages

Remote-Sensing Extraction of Small Water Bodies on the Loess Plateau

  • Jia Guo,
  • Xiaoping Wang,
  • Bin Liu,
  • Ke Liu,
  • Yong Zhang and
  • Chenfeng Wang

23 February 2023

The mixed pixel of low-resolution remote-sensing image makes the traditional water extraction method not effective for small water body extraction. This study takes the Loess Plateau with complex terrain as the research area and develops a multi-inde...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
16,004 Views
15 Pages

Mapping Deforestation in North Korea Using Phenology-Based Multi-Index and Random Forest

  • Yihua Jin,
  • Sunyong Sung,
  • Dong Kun Lee,
  • Gregory S. Biging and
  • Seunggyu Jeong

3 December 2016

Phenology-based multi-index with the random forest (RF) algorithm can be used to overcome the shortcomings of traditional deforestation mapping that involves pixel-based classification, such as ISODATA or decision trees, and single images. The purpos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,923 Views
16 Pages

An Empirical Study of the Quality Governance Level of China’s Civil Aircraft Industry

  • Tingyu Luo,
  • Hongde Liu,
  • Xiang Shi,
  • Peng Meng,
  • Jun Wang and
  • Weiguo Fang

10 July 2024

The quality governance level of an industry is a multi-index evaluation problem that must consider multiple dimensions and factors. This study is the first to construct a comprehensive quality governance evaluation model for the civil aircraft indust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,849 Views
20 Pages

10 February 2018

Hyperspectral images are one of the most important fundamental and strategic information resources, imaging the same ground object with hundreds of spectral bands varying from the ultraviolet to the microwave. With the emergence of huge volumes of hi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,446 Views
21 Pages

Spatial Insights into Drought Severity: Multi-Index Assessment in Małopolska, Poland, via Satellite Observations

  • Jakub Staszel,
  • Michał Lupa,
  • Katarzyna Adamek,
  • Michał Wilkosz,
  • Adriana Marcinkowska-Ochtyra and
  • Adrian Ochtyra

28 February 2024

This study focuses on the assessment of drought severity, employing a comparative analysis between the normalized multi-band drought index (NMDI; calculated using Sentinel-2 imagery) and the combined drought indicator (CDI). The research aims to pinp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,500 Views
18 Pages

Multi-Index Geophysical Monitoring and Early Warning for Rockburst in Coalmine: A Case Study

  • Xiaofei Liu,
  • Siqing Zhang,
  • Enyuan Wang,
  • Zhibo Zhang,
  • Yong Wang and
  • Shengli Yang

Rockburst is a major disaster in deep mining, restricting the safety and the production efficiency of the Laohutai Coal Mine in Fushun, Liaoning Province. To predict and prevent coalmine rockbursts, a comprehensive method based on multi-instrument mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,326 Views
17 Pages

A New Multi-Index Method for the Eutrophication Assessment in Transitional Waters: Large-Scale Implementation in Italian Lagoons

  • Andrea Bonometto,
  • Emanuele Ponis,
  • Federica Cacciatore,
  • Elena Riccardi,
  • Silvia Pigozzi,
  • Paolo Parati,
  • Marta Novello,
  • Nicola Ungaro,
  • Alessandro Acquavita and
  • Rossella Boscolo Brusà
  • + 3 authors

Eutrophication represents one of the most impacting threats for the ecological status and related ecosystem services of transitional waters; hence, its assessment plays a key role in the management of these ecosystems. A new multi-index method for eu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
628 Views
30 Pages

2 November 2025

Rockburst is a dynamic disaster that frequently occurs in hard and brittle rock tunnels under high in situ stress conditions. It is influenced by multiple factors, including lithological condition, in situ stress condition, and surrounding rock mass...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,494 Views
16 Pages

20 December 2022

Electric vehicle timeshare rentals (EVTRs) have been recognized as promising solutions to growingly severe problems of traffic congestion, air pollution, and insufficient parking spaces. This study aims to explore the factors that affect the adoption...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,915 Views
34 Pages

The stock market index future price forecasting is one of the imperative financial time series problems. Accurately estimated future closing prices can play important role in making trading decisions and investment plannings. This work proposes a new...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,370 Views
14 Pages

17 November 2020

The regional allocation of carbon emission quotas is of great significance to realize the carbon emission target. Basing on the combination of the multi-index method and the improved equal-proportion distribution method, and fully considering the dif...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,498 Views
25 Pages

Urban Source Apportionment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Thessaloniki Using Syntrichia Moss Biomonitoring and PMF Modeling

  • Themistoklis Sfetsas,
  • Sopio Ghoghoberidze,
  • Panagiotis Karnoutsos,
  • Vassilis Tziakas,
  • Marios Karagiovanidis and
  • Dimitrios Katsantonis

Urban air pollution from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) presents a critical threat to public health and environmental sustainability. The current study employed Syntrichia moss in a passive biomonitoring capacity to ascertain the levels of atmosph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
598 Views
21 Pages

Evaluation Method for the Development Effect of Reservoirs with Multiple Indicators in the Liaohe Oilfield

  • Feng Ye,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Junjie Zhang,
  • Zhirui Guan,
  • Zhou Li,
  • Zhiwei Hou and
  • Lijuan Wu

27 October 2025

To address the limitation that single-index evaluation fails to fully reflect the development performance of reservoirs of different types and at various development stages, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system featuring the workflow of &ldq...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,930 Views
20 Pages

26 February 2022

Mapping surface water extent is important for managing water supply for agriculture and the environment. Remote sensing technologies, such as Landsat, provide an affordable means of capturing surface water extent with reasonable spatial and temporal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,612 Views
16 Pages

Comparative Assessment of Grassland Dynamic and Its Response to Drought Based on Multi-Index in the Mongolian Plateau

  • Yanzhen Zhang,
  • Zhaoqi Wang,
  • Qian Wang,
  • Yue Yang,
  • Yaojun Bo,
  • Weizhou Xu and
  • Jianlong Li

25 January 2022

This study applied grassland related multi-index and assessed the effects of climate change by investigating grassland responses to drought. This process was performed to study grassland vegetation dynamic accurately and evaluate the effect of drough...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,206 Views
15 Pages

A Framework for Investment and Risk Assessment of Agricultural Projects

  • Leonir Vilani,
  • Antonio Zanin,
  • Mauro Lizot,
  • Marcelo Gonçalves Trentin,
  • Paulo Afonso and
  • José Donizetti de Lima

Investment appraisal of agricultural projects (APs) is particularly demanding due to several factors. Namely, APs may have longer time horizons, higher external and internal volatility, and uncertainty caused by less control of production and externa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
7,499 Views
17 Pages

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Modernization Levels

  • Zhixin Zhang,
  • Yingjie Li,
  • Ehsan Elahi and
  • Yameng Wang

22 April 2022

Agricultural modernization is the most important task of modernization construction. This study used the multi-index comprehensive measurement method to estimate the agricultural modernization level of Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019. Regional di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,511 Views
24 Pages

A Research on Multi-Index Intelligent Integrated Prediction Model of Catchment Pollutant Load under Data Scarcity

  • Donghao Miao,
  • Wenquan Gu,
  • Wenhui Li,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Wentong Hu,
  • Jinping Feng and
  • Dongguo Shao

16 April 2024

Within a river catchment, the relationship between pollutant load migration and its related factors is nonlinear generally. When neural network models are used to identify the nonlinear relationship, data scarcity and random weight initialization mig...

  • Article
  • Open Access
101 Citations
13,643 Views
21 Pages

16 October 2018

Accurate water mapping depends largely on the water index. However, most previously widely-adopted water index methods are developed from 30-m resolution Landsat imagery, with low-albedo commission error (e.g., shadow misclassified as water) and thre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
9,123 Views
12 Pages

A Multi-Index Analysis Approach to Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in River Sediments in the Ponce Enríquez Area, Ecuador

  • Alby Aguilar Pesantes,
  • Elizabeth Peña Carpio,
  • Tomas Vitvar,
  • Manuel María Mahamud López and
  • Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado

21 March 2019

The area of Ponce Enríquez, Southern Ecuador, is one of the most important artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) areas in the country, where informal mining operations can be found using amalgamation technique, even though it has been p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
104 Citations
19,556 Views
11 Pages

A Multi-D-Shaped Optical Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing

  • Chien-Hsing Chen,
  • Tzu-Chein Tsao,
  • Jaw-Luen Tang and
  • Wei-Te Wu

11 May 2010

A novel class of multi-D-shaped optical fiber suited for refractive index measurements is presented. The multi-D-shaped optical fiber was constructed by forming several D-sections in a multimode optical fiber at localized regions with femtosecond las...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,013 Views
15 Pages

3 February 2023

The occurrence, multi-index assessment, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were investigated. Average heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 81.89 (Cr), 770.76 (Mn), 16.81 (Co), 62.25 (Ni), 96.30 (Cu), 162.04 (Zn), and 73...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,228 Views
18 Pages

We present an empirical study of the Aumann-Serrano performance index for multi-period gambles when the underlying stochastic process is assumed to be a normal mixture process with time-varying volatility. We compare the Aumann-Serrano performance in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,946 Views
36 Pages

29 December 2020

We consider the multi-armed bandit problem with penalties for switching that include setup delays and costs, extending the former results of the author for the special case with no switching delays. A priority index for projects with setup delays tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
257 Views
10 Pages

Generalization of the Conformity Index for Multi-Target Radiotherapy Plans

  • Yong Sang,
  • Jun Dang,
  • Jianan Wu,
  • Yanling Wu,
  • Enzhuo Quan and
  • Jianrong Dai

28 January 2026

Background and Purpose: Based on the distortion of the current conformity index (CI) formula in handling multi-target plans, the VTV parameter in the current CI formula has been redefined to more accurately calculate the CI value of multi-target plan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
8,523 Views
27 Pages

26 February 2019

Building extraction plays a significant role in many high-resolution remote sensing image applications. Many current building extraction methods need training samples while it is common knowledge that different samples often lead to different general...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,012 Views
35 Pages

Multi-Index Driver Drowsiness Detection Method Based on Driver’s Facial Recognition Using Haar Features and Histograms of Oriented Gradients

  • Eduardo Quiles-Cucarella,
  • Julio Cano-Bernet,
  • Lucas Santos-Fernández,
  • Carlos Roldán-Blay and
  • Carlos Roldán-Porta

31 August 2024

It is estimated that 10% to 20% of road accidents are related to fatigue, with accidents caused by drowsiness up to twice as deadly as those caused by other factors. In order to reduce these numbers, strategies such as advertising campaigns, the impl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
769 Views
28 Pages

22 September 2025

The umbilical coiling index (UCI), which quantifies the degree of vascular coiling in the umbilical cord, is a crucial indicator for assessing fetal intrauterine development and predicting perinatal outcomes. However, the existing methods for measuri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,861 Views
8 Pages

19 August 2019

In this paper, a multi-mode waveguide-based optical resonator is proposed for an integrated optical refractive index sensor. Conventional optical resonators have been studied for single-mode waveguide-based resonators to enhance the performance, but...

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