The high-speed motorized spindle has been wildly used in the field of aerospace processing, due to its advantages such as high speed, high precision, and high efficiency. CNC machine tools used for processing aerospace products require high machining...
The thermal characteristics of a motorized spindle are the main determinants of its performance, and influence the machining accuracy of computer numerical control machine tools. It is important to accurately predict the thermal field of a motorized...
Motorized spindles widely used for high-speed precision machine tools are very sensitive to the mass unbalance of rotors; thus, their balancing problem is always a research hotspot. Although many significant studies were done regarding the theory and...
The spindle is a critical component that significantly influences the performance of machine tools. In motorized spindles, heat generation from both the bearings and built-in motor leads to thermal deformation of structural components, which, in turn...
In the accelerated degradation test (ADT) of motorized spindles, it is necessary to apply a variety of stresses to simulate real working conditions. However, the traditional accelerated test scheme optimization method does not consider the weight of...
Motorized spindle system is one of the crucial components affecting the machine tools energy performance. Many previous studies have examined its energy optimization problems, however, most such studies focused mainly on parameters optimization to im...
High-speed motorized spindle heating will produce thermal error, which is an important factor affecting the machining accuracy of machine tools. The thermal error model of high-speed motorized spindles can compensate for thermal error and improve mac...
In the working process of ultra-precision aerostatic motorized spindles, the journal and the rotor must have a certain eccentricity to have a certain bearing capacity and stiffness, which will induce the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP). The intercoupl...
The surface accuracy of a multistep rotary shaft is very important in manufacturing and the assembly process of the high-speed motorized spindle of CNC machine tools, which is closely related to the machined dimensional variation induced by the turni...
Given motorized spindles’ extensive periods of prolonged high-velocity operation, they are prone to temperature changes, which leads to the problem of thermal error, leading to diminished precision in machining operations. To address the therma...
The cooling performance of motorized spindles plays an important role in accuracy in high-speed machining. Aiming at improving the cooling performance of traditional motorized spindles, convex columns were built in the cooling channel. Based on field...
The air bearing motorized spindle (ABMS) is the key component of the ultra-precision machine tool, which plays an important role in the ultra-precision machining process and directly influences machining accuracy. The influence of unbalanced magnetic...
In the working process of the gas bearings, the unbalanced force of the rotor will increase nonlinearly with the increase in the rotating speed, resulting in an increase in the rotor’s vibration amplitude. On the other hand, with the increase i...
The high-speed and high-precision motorized spindle is the future development trend of the CNC machine tool field, and has become the focus of research in the world. High-speed motorized spindles tend to develop in the direction of high precision, hi...
During the service process of a bearingless motorized spindle (BLMS), its parameters change with both time and external conditions, leading to a decrease in the accuracy of the motorized spindle. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the...
The electric spindle serves as a critical component in enabling a highly dynamic response, stable torque output, and precise motion control for the main cutting operations of CNC machine tools. The design precision and control performance of its driv...
The cost and power consumption of DC power amplifiers are much greater than that of AC power converters. Compared to a motorized spindle supported with DC magnetic bearings, a motorized spindle supported with AC magnetic bearings is inexpensive and m...
In high-speed spindle motors operating above 10,000 rpm, vibration analysis is essential for detecting mechanical anomalies. However, data scarcity and imbalance, especially for rare fault conditions, limit the performance of deep learning-based anom...
This study focuses on an experimental device for the adaptive adjustment of the preload of high-speed motorized spindles. Firstly, based on Hirano’s criterion, the optimal preload for bearings at different rotational speeds was determined, and...
This paper presents the development and evaluation of neural network models using a small input–output dataset to predict the thermal behavior of a high-speed motorized spindles. Different neural multi-output regression models were developed an...
The thermal error of the high-power grinding motorized spindle, caused by heating, seriously affects machining accuracy. In this paper, an ensemble learning algorithm is used to predict the thermal error of a high-precision motorized spindle. The sub...
Accurate optimal design for the test plan with limited prior information is impossible since the optimal design method of a three-stress accelerated degradation test plan for a motorized spindle is based on the determination of model parameters. In o...
Grease lubrication is cost-effective and low-maintenance for motorized spindles, but standard steel bearings can fail at high speeds. This study focuses on high-speed full ceramic ball bearings lubricated with grease. The coefficient of friction torq...
Considering the influence of performance degradation on a product’s traumatic failure, under the condition that only degradation data are observed and no traumatic failure data are observed, this paper proposes a subdistribution competing risk...
Understanding the temperature–working condition relationship is crucial for optimizing machining processes to ensure dimensional accuracy, surface finish quality, and overall spindle longevity. Monitoring and controlling spindle temperature thr...
In high-speed motors, there is a huge amount of heat generation from core and winding losses, which may result in thermal failures or motor performance deterioration. In the prevention of heat accumulation, efficient cooling technology is critical fo...
Anaphase B spindle elongation is characterized by the sliding apart of overlapping antiparallel interpolar (ip) microtubules (MTs) as the two opposite spindle poles separate, pulling along disjoined sister chromatids, thereby contributing to chromoso...
The process of chromosome congression and alignment is at the core of mitotic fidelity. In this review, we discuss distinct spatial routes that the chromosomes take to align during prometaphase, which are characterized by distinct biomolecular requir...
In the application of an aerostatic motorized spindle, given the different requirements for the optimal gas film thickness of gas bearing under various processing conditions, this paper puts forward the tapered aerostatic bearing as the radial suppor...
The mitotic spindle segregates chromosomes into two daughter cells during cell division. This process relies on the precise regulation of forces acting on chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. The forces in the spindle are difficult to...
Proper regulation of microtubules (MTs) is critical for the execution of diverse cellular processes, including mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. There are a multitude of cellular factors that regulate the dynamicity of MTs and play...
Thermal elongation in high-speed motorized spindles constitutes a major source of machining error in five-axis machine tools, critically impacting machining precision. This study aims to develop and validate a cumulative thermal error compensation mo...
Most online tool condition monitoring (TCM) methods easily cause machining interference. To solve this problem, we propose a method based on the analysis of the spindle motor current signal of a machine tool. Firstly, cutting experiments under multi-...
Sensorimotor control can be impaired by slacked muscle spindles. This was shown for reflex responses and, recently, also for muscular stability in the sense of Adaptive Force (AF). The slack in muscle spindles was generated by contracting the lengthe...
The grinding force is the most sensitive physical measure of reaction loads in the grinding process. To enhance surface quality and assure high efficiency and stability of the grinding process, it is essential to accomplish adaptive control of the gr...
In CNC machines, the temperature field analysis of spindle servo permanent magnet motors (SSPMMs) under rated load, overload, and weak magnetic conditions is critical for ensuring stable operation and machining accuracy. This paper proposes a tempera...
The “motor unit” or the “muscle” has long been considered the quantal element in the control of movement. However, in recent years new research has proved the strong interaction between muscle fibers and intramuscular connecti...
Background/Objectives: Neck muscle vibration alters neural processing, sensorimotor integration, and proprioception in healthy adults. Significant differential changes in the N18 and N24 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) peak amplitudes, coupled w...
In the original publication [...]
Adaptation to external forces relies on a well-functioning proprioceptive system including muscle spindle afferents. Muscle length and tension control in reaction to external forces is most important regarding the Adaptive Force (AF). This study inve...
Adequate physical recovery after trauma, injury, disease, a long period of hypomobility, or simply ageing is a difficult goal because rehabilitation protocols are long-lasting and often cannot ensure complete motor recovery. Therefore, the optimisati...
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is frequently associated with other developmental diseases and may lead to a handicap through adolescence or adulthood. The aim of our retrospective study was to characterize DLD subgroups, their etiological fact...
This chapter describes in summary form some of the most important research on chromosome segregation, from the discovery and naming of mitosis in the nineteenth century until around 1990. It gives both historical and scientific background for the nin...
Cells form a bipolar spindle during mitosis to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. Proper spindle architecture is established by a set of kinesin motors and microtubule-associated proteins. In most eukaryotes, kinesin-5 motors are essential for t...
Muscle spindles have unique anatomical characteristics that can be directly affected by the surrounding tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding their spatial distribution and density in different muscles is imperative t...
Chromosome segregration and cell division requires the regulated assembly of the mitotic spindle apparatus. This mitotic spindle is composed of condensed chromosomes attached to a dynamic array of microtubules. The microtubule array is nucleated by...
Belt transmission is one of the most common forms of transmission on CNC lathes. To assess the impact of belt performance on monitoring machining conditions using motor current signal analysis, we developed a dynamic model for belt-driven electromech...
The aerostatic spindle in the ultra-precision machine tool shows the complex multi-field coupling dynamics behavior under working condition. The numerical investigation helps to better understand the dynamic characteristics of the aerostatic spindle...
Monitoring spindle bearing load is essential for ensuring machining accuracy, reliability, and predictive maintenance in machine tools. This paper presents an approach that combines drive-based cutting force estimation with a finite element method (F...
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome c...
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