The aims of the study were (1) to develop a domain-general computer-based assessment tool for inductive reasoning and to empirically test the theoretical models of Klauer and Christou and Papageorgiou; and (2) to develop an online game to foster indu...
This editorial explains the scope of the special issue and provides a thematic introduction to the contributed papers.
Access to high-performance sports is crucial for the holistic development and well-being of athletes with intellectual impairment (II). However, ensuring fair and equitable participation requires effective eligibility systems. This study investigates...
The present article studies the connection of scientific reasoning with fuzzy logic. Induction and deduction are the two main types of human reasoning. Although deduction is the basis of the scientific method, almost all the scientific progress (with...
This study is part of a broader study on algebraic reasoning in elementary education. The research objective of the present survey, namely to describe generalization among second grade (7- to 8-year-old) students, was pursued through semi-structured...
In this paper we want to shed some light on what we mean by backward induction and forward induction reasoning in dynamic games. To that purpose, we take the concepts of common belief in future rationality (Perea [1]) and extensive form rationalizabi...
The pervasive use of AI today caused an urgent need for human-compliant AI approaches and solutions that can explain their behavior and decisions in human-understandable terms, especially in critical domains, so as to enforce trustworthiness and supp...
With its powerful expressive capability and intuitive presentation, the knowledge graph has emerged as one of the primary forms of knowledge representation and management. However, the presence of biases in our cognitive and construction processes of...
18 February 2023
The relevance of cognitive performance during adolescence requires further studies that analyze potential associated factors. This study aimed to analyze inductive reasoning, reading comprehension, and mathematical thinking (problem-solving and numbe...
The energy consumption used for domestic purposes in Europe is, to a considerable extent, due to heating and cooling. This energy is produced mostly by burning fossil fuels, which has a high negative environmental impact. The characteristics of a bui...
The fuzzy reasoning numerical spiking neural P systems (FRNSN P systems) are proposed by introducing the interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers into the numerical spiking neural P systems (NSN P systems). The NSN P systems were applied to the SAT p...
Monitoring of cognitive abilities in large-scale survey research is receiving increasing attention. Conventional cognitive testing, however, is often impractical on a population level highlighting the need for alternative means of cognitive assessmen...
After long arguments between positivism and falsificationism, the verification of universal hypotheses was replaced with the confirmation of uncertain major premises. Unfortunately, Hemple proposed the Raven Paradox. Then, Carnap used the increment o...
Increasingly encompassing models have been suggested for our world. Theories range from generally accepted to increasingly speculative to apparently bogus. The progression of theories from ego- to geo- to helio-centric models to universe and multiver...
Inductive thinking is a universal human habit; we generalise from our experiences the best we can. The induction problem is to identify which observed regularities provide reasonable justification for inductive conclusions. In the natural sciences, w...
Some known results from statistical thermophysics as well as from hydrology are revisited from a different perspective trying: (a) to unify the notion of entropy in thermodynamic and statistical/stochastic approaches of complex hydrological systems a...
Understanding inductive reasoning is a problem that has engaged mankind for thousands of years. This problem is relevant to a wide range of fields and is integral to the philosophy of science. It has been tackled by many great minds ranging from phil...
Pharmacokinetic interactions, e.g. modulation of drug transporters like P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier, can be a reason for treatment non-response. This study focuses on the influence of induction of drug transporters on the disposition of...
The leakage inductance of high-frequency transformers (HFTs) is a critical parameter affecting the performance of power electronic equipment, such as DC-DC converters. During the transformer design phase, by precisely calculating and retaining an app...
In the case of the inductive voltage transformer (VT), the resonance phenomenon may be the main reason for its poor transformation accuracy of the non-sinusoidal voltage. This problem mainly results from the leakage inductance and the parasitic capac...
Leakage inductance is one of the key parameters of a transformer, and it is often intentionally integrated into transformers. Rogowski’s equation is generally used for leakage inductance calculation; however, it is only applicable to concentric...
Background: Preterm inductions may be necessary for maternal comorbidities or fetal abnormalities. Previous studies have identified risk factors for undergoing a cesarean delivery (CD). Our study examined the insertion-to-expulsion time (IET) of cerv...
Mathematical reasoning is gaining increasing significance in mathematics education. It has become part of school curricula and the numbers of empirical studies are growing. Researchers investigate mathematical reasoning, yet, what is being under inve...
While the hypothetico-deductive approach, which includes inductive and deductive reasoning, is largely recognized in scientific reasoning, there is not much focus on abductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning describes the theory-based attempt of expla...
One of the barriers to the rapid transition of societies toward a more sustainable future is a scarcity of field experts. Members of scientific and professional communities believe that this obstacle could be overcome by supplementing the decisions o...
Previous work pointed to a critical role of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in increased radiation hematopoietic death in GFP mice. Meanwhile, enhanced antioxidant capability was not demonstrated in the mouse model of radio-indu...
The planar induction heating possesses more difficulties in industry application compared with traditional spiral induction coils in mostly heat treatment processes. Numerical approaches are adopted in the power distribution and temperature predictio...
Epistemological naturalists reject the demand for a priori justification of empirical knowledge; no such thing is possible. Observation reports, being the foundation of empirical knowledge, are neither justified by other sentences, nor certain; but t...
The multi-terminal direct current network is expected to commercialize while carrying out projects related to DC power systems worldwide. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a DC circuit breaker required for the DC power system. A DC circuit brea...
This paper naturalizes inductive inference by showing how scientific knowledge of real mechanisms provides large benefits to it. I show how knowledge about mechanisms contributes to generalization, inference to the best explanation, causal inference,...
The design of multiscale materials and products has necessitated an inductive and robust design approach to ensure satisfying the performance goals for complex engineering problems. Inductive design exploration method is a performance-driven design a...
Representing domain knowledge extracted from unstructured texts using knowledge graphs supports knowledge reasoning, enabling the extraction of accurate factual information and the generation of interpretable results. However, reasoning with knowledg...
The induction motor plays a vital role in industrial drive systems due to its robustness and easy maintenance but at the same time, it suffers electrical faults, mainly rotor faults such as broken rotor bars. Early shortcoming identification is neede...
Induction motors have gained a renewed interest due to this new shift from conventional power sources to electric power. These motors are known for their high commencing torque, adequate speed control and reasonable overload capacity. However, induct...
Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don is a commercial tree native to Japan and is one of the most important forest species in that country and the Azores (Portugal). Because of the quality of C. japonica timber, several genetic improvement pro...
Various skills related to critical thinking, reasoning, and scientific reasoning are defined as essential for students in policy documents and curricula around the world as essential both in school and in everyday life. However, these concepts are of...
The judicious configuration of predicates is a crucial but often overlooked aspect in the field of knowledge graphs. While previous research has primarily focused on the precision of triples in assessing knowledge graph quality, the rationality of pr...
Faraday’s Law of induction is often stated as “a change in magnetic flux causes an electro-motive force (EMF)”; or, more cautiously, “a change in magnetic flux is associated with an EMF”. It is as well that the more caut...
Spraying remains the primary method of pesticide application in plant protection, and spray drift is one of the important reasons that cause pesticide loss and environmental pollution. Air-induction spray is an anti-drift technology based on the Vent...
In recent decades, the rate of caesarean deliveries has increased worldwide. The reasons for this trend are still largely misunderstood and controversial among researchers. The decision often depends on the obstetrician, his beliefs and experience, t...
This paper discusses three methods of modulation for a single-phase isolated matrix converter. The matrix converter is combined with a transformer integration to perform power decoupling control in order to reduce the number of component and capacito...
Three-phase induction motors are considered to be the workhorse of industry. Therefore, induction motor faults are not only the cause of users’ frustrations but they also drive up the costs related to unexpected breakdowns, repair actions, and...
Multiphase machines are a hot research topic in control theory and industrial applications such as electric cars. However, the availability to buy them in the market is limited or null. For this reason, it is common to rewind it from a three-phase co...
The pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) demands AI systems that not only perceive but also reason in a human-like manner. While symbolic systems pioneered early breakthroughs in logic-based reasoning, such as MYCIN and DENDRAL, they suff...
The evolution of medical reasoning is deeply intertwined with philosophical thought, beginning with Aristotle’s foundational work in deductive logic. Aristotle’s principles significantly influenced early medical practice, shaping the work...
Management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focuses on the induction and maintenance of remission. Tacrolimus, a member of a group of drugs termed calcineurin inhibitors, may have...
Behavior-rule reasoning aims to infer the corresponding applicable rules from specific behaviors and is a type of inductive reasoning that goes from special cases to general ones. This paper proposes a behavior-rule inference model based on hyponymy&...
Graph learning is well suited to modeling relationships among communicating entities in network intrusion detection. However, the resulting models are frequently difficult to interpret, in contrast to many classical approaches that offer more transpa...
Polyploidy occurs naturally in plants through cell division errors or can artificially be induced by antimitotic agents and has ecological effects on species adaptation, evolution, and development. In agriculture, polyploidy provides economically imp...
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives have been widely employed in sustainable transport such as electric vehicles (EV). However, the traditional vector control (VC) strategies cannot achieve optimal control due to the intrinsic...
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