The hardness of materials is a complicated physical quantity, and the hardness models that are widely used do not function well for transition metal light element (TMLE) compounds. The overestimation of actual hardness is a common phenomenon in hardn...
The high-temperature hardness test has a wide range of applications, but lacks test standards. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element method (FEM) model of the relationship between the high-temperature hardness and high-temperature,...
Materials with high hardness are critical for industrial and aerospace applications, prompting the search for novel compounds with robust covalent networks. Using a first-principles structure prediction method, we systematically explored the phase st...
High-chromium white cast irons represent an important group of wear-resistant engineering materials widely used in mining, mineral processing and cement industries due to their excellent abrasion resistance and high hardness. The present study invest...
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are highly concentrated, multicomponent alloys that have received significant attention due to their superior properties compared to conventional alloys. The mechanical properties and hardness are interrelated, and it is wi...
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been widely applied for the surface protection of electronic component packaging through a pore-sealing process, with the enhanced hardness value reaching around 400 Vickers hardness (HV). However, the traditional AAO...
The discovery of new carbon allotropes with different building blocks and crystal symmetries has long been of great interest to broad materials science fields. Herein, we report several hundred new carbon allotropes predicted by the state-of-the-art...
This study presents the results of research on the influence of heat treatment parameters—namely, temperature, holding time, and quenching medium (air, water, oil)—on the microstructure and hardness of high-chromium alloy steel X46Cr13. T...
Hardness is an essential property in the design of refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs). This study shows how a neural network (NN) model can be used to predict the hardness of a RHEA, for the first time. We predicted the hardness of several alloys...
We review bulk transition-metal nitrides synthesized at high pressure–high temperature and recoverable at ambient conditions. We establish an elasticity-anchored framework that links crystal structure and bonding to elastic descriptors and hard...
In the light of recent advances in material informatics, there is a great demand for high-throughput approaches of sample fabrication and property characterization. Currently, no high-throughput approach has been demonstrated for the fast sampling of...
High-hardness iron-based alloy coatings are extensively utilized in aerospace, automotive, and industrial equipment due to their exceptional wear resistance and long service life. Laser cladding has emerged as one of the primary techniques for fabric...
AA6060 ingots were pierced in a two-high screw rolling mill (MISIS-130D) with guiding shoes (Mannesmann mill type). Three different plugs, i.e., a conventional entire plug, a plug with a cavity, and a hollow plug, were used for piercing. We establish...
In order to facilitate the prediction of some physical properties, we propose several simple formulas based on two parameters only, the metallic valence and metallic atomic radii. Knowing the composition, for single-phase alloys, the average paramete...
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with high hardness are promising materials for advanced industrial manufacturing. In this study, the AlCrFeNiV HEA was designed and successfully prepared using a plasma instantaneous process. The hardness test showed that A...
This study evaluates the predictive capabilities of various machine learning (ML) algorithms for estimating the hardness of AlCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) based on their compositional variables. Among the ML methods explored, a backpropagati...
In this study, powders based on a high-entropy AlCoCrFeNi alloy obtained by mechanical alloying were successfully applied to a 316L stainless steel substrate by detonation spraying under various conditions. Their microstructural features, phase compo...
As improving fuel economy and performance through weight reduction in vehicles are recognized as important tasks, the defense industry is researching ways to reduce the weight of armor plates for combat vehicles and increase bulletproof performance a...
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a paradigm-shifting material system offering vast compositional space for tailoring mechanical properties. The yield strength and hardness are critical performance metrics, yet their interrelationships in diverse...
The relationship between the tendencies towards rigidity (measured by shear modulus, G) and hardness (measured by Vickers hardness, HV) of early transition metal (ETM)-based refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEA) and bond parameters (i.e., valence ele...
To elucidate the hardness evolution behaviors for 38MnB5Nb ultra-high-strength hot stamping steel, a series of tempering processes with varying tempering temperatures and times were carried out with a dilatometer. Meanwhile, the hardness of each samp...
In this research, a set of CuNiCrSiCoTi (H-0Nb), CuNiCrSiCoTiNb0.5 (H-0.5Nb) and CuNiCrSiCoTiNb1 (H-1Nb) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were melted in a vacuum induction furnace. The effects of Nb additions on the microstructure, hardness, and wear behav...
As an advanced near-net-shape processing method in which directly preformed, semi-finished products are created from liquid metals, spray forming has become popular in the development and application of new materials and is supporting industrializati...
Analyses presented in the article were carried out in order to characterize the main parameters of the shaped charge jet formed due to detonation of the PG-7VM warhead. As opposed to the previously published studies in which rolled homogeneous armore...
The simultaneous enhancement of hardness and toughness in WC-Co cemented carbides remains a critical and persistent challenge for advanced cutting-tool applications, where conventional materials often suffer from inherent property trade-offs. In this...
We demonstrate the systematic hardness enhancement of the CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) by the addition of tungsten carbide (WC). Mixed thin films are fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering using a home-made spark plasma-sintered CoCrFeNi target a...
Background/Objectives: Glass-hybrid and high-viscosity glass ionomer systems were developed to address limitations of conventional glass ionomer cements. This in vitro study compared post-thermocycling Vickers hardness and microleakage of a coated gl...
The present study examined the interactions between the structure, microstructure and mechanical properties of CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV0.5 and CrMnFeCoNiMo0.5 High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs). Starting from elemental powders, the HEAs were obtained by high-...
High-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (HD-TPU) presents a high matrix modulus, low-temperature durability, and remarkable abrasion resistance, and has been used in many advanced applications. However, the fabrication of microcellular HD-TPU foam i...
Silicon carbide (SiC), thanks to its material properties similar to diamond and its industrial maturity close to silicon, represents an ideal candidate for several harsh-environment sensing applications, where sensors must withstand high particle irr...
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are in the spotlight because of their potential use in large-scale energy storage devices due to the abundance and low cost of sodium-based materials. There are many SIB cathode materials under investigation but only a few...
To investigate the modification of type B inclusions in high-carbon hard-wire steel with Ca treatment, Si-Ca alloy was added to high-carbon hard-steel, and the composition, morphology, size, quantity, and distribution of inclusions were observed. The...
Despite the fact that PEDOT:PSS has been successfully used in the field of flexible electronics, some of its applications in the domain of rigid conductive coating have been limited by the pricey cost and subpar mechanical properties (hardness, adhes...
Traditional hard-grade asphalts for high-modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) are produced by using natural hard-grade asphalt to modify matrix asphalts. However, natural hard-grade asphalts are scarce and expensive. To find a sustainable alternative, thi...
The friction and wear response of hard coatings is complex, which largely depends on a good combination of hardness and toughness, and their service life is difficult to predict. Hence, in this work, hard yet tough TiN coatings were deposited using h...
Wavelength-selective coatings are broadly applied across diverse industries such as solar energy management, infrared sensing, telecommunications, laser optics, and eye-protective lenses. These coatings have historically not been optimized for hardne...
In order to study the applicability of high-pressure gas expansion rock-cracking technology in hard rock tunnel near historic sites, theoretical analysis, field tests as well as vibration monitoring are conducted to obtain suitable rock mass cracking...
Correlations have been found for the base value of hardness (as the ratio between the heat of fusion and molar volume) and the softening temperature (as the ratio of heat of fusion and specific heat capacity). The relative change of bulk hardness as...
With the development of virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) display devices, the conventional fine metal mask is limited by the wet etch process, which no longer meets the demand for high pixels per inch (PPI) displays. We deposited a layer of...
Hard and wear-resistant coatings created utilizing physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques are extensively used in extreme tribological applications. The friction and wear behavior of coatings vary significantly with temperature, indicating that a...
Laboratory-scale experiments for the modification of Al2O3 inclusions by calcium treatment in high-carbon hard wire steel were performed and the compositions and morphological evolution of inclusions were studied. The kinetics of the modification of...
In order to investigate the potential application of low-grade hard asphalt in high-temperature and high-altitude areas, various tests were conducted to analyze the performance and high-temperature rheological properties of 30#, 50#, and 70# matrix a...
The high-hardness and transparent PMMA-based composites play a significant role in modern optical devices. However, a well-known paradox is that conventional PMMA-based composites with high loadings of nanoparticles usually possess high surface hardn...
A polyurethane/Laponite/graphene transparent coating with high surface hardness, obtained by dispersing the Laponite–graphene oxide (Lap-GO) in polyurethane for UV reduction, is reported. Lap-GO improves the hardness of the coating, where Lapon...
Understanding the effect of high strain rate deformation on microstructure and mechanical property of metal is important for addressing its performance as high strength material. Strongly motivated by the vast industrial application potential of meta...
Most high-hardness tool steels comprising forming dies require expensive finish machining operations to compensate for the dimensional distortion and surface oxidation caused by the die heat treatment. Precipitation-hardening (PH) tool steels allow f...
High-density (>98% of full density) nanocrystalline invar alloys with significantly enhanced hardness (>240 in Vicker’s hardness) were prepared by sintering compacted Fe-Ni nanoparticles in hydrogen. The precursor Fe-Ni nanoparticles were synth...
The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the surface roughness and hardness of laminated wood-based composite panels as a function of exposure to high relative humidity (RH). All samples were conditioned in a room having a temperature...
In this paper, the structural properties of technetium phosphides Tc3P and TcP4 are investigated by first principles at zero pressure and compared with the experimental values. In addition, the electronic properties of these two crystals in the press...
The low hardness and poor wear resistance of laser-cladding 316L stainless steel impose significant constraints on its practical applications. In this study, a strategy for strengthening laser-cladding 316L stainless steel with WMoTaNb refractory hig...
of 211