Virus replication displays a large cell-to-cell heterogeneity; yet, not all sources of this variability are known. Here, we study the effect of defective interfering (DI) particle (DIP) co-infection on cell-to-cell variability in influenza A virus (I...
Defective interfering (DI) genomes are characterised by their ability to interfere with the replication of the virus from which they were derived, and other genetically compatible viruses. DI genomes are synthesized by nearly all known viruses and re...
Defective interfering (DI) viruses arise during the replication of influenza A virus and contain a non-infective version of the genome that is able to interfere with the production of infectious virus. In this study we hypothesise that a cloned DI in...
The live attenuated influenza vaccine FluMist® was withdrawn in the USA by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after its failure to provide adequate protective immunity during 2013–2016. The vaccine uses attenuated core type A and type B v...
Defective interfering (DI) RNAs are subviral RNAs produced during multiplication of RNA viruses by the error-prone viral replicase. DI-RNAs are parasitic RNAs that are derived from and associated with the parent virus, taking advantage of viral-coded...
Replicating RNA, including self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA), holds great potential for advancing the next generation of RNA-based vaccines. Unlike in vitro transcribed mRNA found in most current RNA vaccines, saRNA or taRN...
Infection with influenza A and B viruses results in a mild to severe respiratory tract infection. It is widely accepted that many factors affect the severity of influenza disease, including viral replication, host adaptation, innate immune signalling...
Particles of many paramyxoviruses include small amounts of proteins with a molecular weight of about 20 kDa. These proteins, termed “C”, are basic, have low amino acid homology and some secondary structure conservation. C proteins are enc...
Many single-stranded RNA viruses, including major viral pathogens, present RNA-encoded virus assembly instructions (VAIs) within their genetic message that can be isolated from the genetic code and repurposed for the design of virus-like particles. T...
The fields of extracellular vesicles (EV) and virus infections are marred in a debate on whether a particular mRNA or non-coding RNA (i.e., miRNA) is packaged into a virus particle or copurifying EV and similarly, whether a particular mRNA or non-cod...
Therapeutic oligonucleotides interact with a target RNA via Watson-Crick complementarity, affecting RNA-processing reactions such as mRNA degradation, pre-mRNA splicing, or mRNA translation. Since they were proposed decades ago, several have been app...
The mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) could represent a breakthrough in the therapy of all diseases that arise from a gene defect or require the inhibition of a specific gene expression. In particular, small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers an attra...
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are particles containing defective viral genomes (DVGs) generated during viral replication. DIPs have been found in various RNA viruses, especially in influenza viruses. Evidence indicates that DIPs interfere wi...
The honeybee, Apis cerana cerana (Ac), is an important pollinator and has adapted to the local ecological environment with relevant coloration. The cuticle coloration of the brown (br) mutant is brown instead of black in wild−type individuals....
With a common aim of restoring physiological function of defective cells, optogenetics and targeted gene therapies have shown great clinical potential and novelty in the branch of personalized medicine and inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). The basis...
More than two thirds of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) present central nervous system involvement. Nevertheless, only one of the currently approved therapies has an impact on neuropathology. Therefore, alternative approaches are under development,...
Ocular diseases remain a major global health challenge with substantial unmet therapeutic needs. Small nucleic acid therapeutics offer a precise strategy to regulate disease-related mRNAs or noncoding RNAs through base pairing, thereby modulating pro...
Coding transcripts-derived small interfering RNAs (ct-siRNAs) have emerged as a special class of endogenous siRNAs and have been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in plants, particularly under conditions where RNA metabolic pathways are...
We report the case of a 48-year-old man admitted with severe pneumonia, profound immunosuppression and multiple co-infections, showing unusual pattern of HIV-1 viremia. With the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay, a dual-target diagnostic assay for monitori...
Prevention of mosquito-borne infectious diseases will require new classes of environmentally safe insecticides and novel mosquito control technologies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) corresponding to mosq...
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to participate in adipogenesis. However, their role in this process, especially in the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes, remains to be elucidated. This study was intended to clarify the effect of microRNA-3...
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes progressive renal failure, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis in children. It is characterized by hepatic overproduction of oxalate. Conventional management, whi...
Despite the identification of an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 1 as the genetic defect causing Huntington’s disease almost 30 years ago, currently approved therapies provide only limited symptomatic...
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an RNA/DNA binding protein involved in diverse cell processes; it is also a p53 coregulator that initiates apoptosis under DNA damage conditions. However, the upregulation of hnRNPK is correlated...
Background: the aberrant overexpression of predominantly nuclear localizing RNA-binding protein (RBP) La contributes to proliferation, mobility, and chemoresistance of cancer cells and tumor growth in mice. Methods: studies included cancer tissue mic...
Historically, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-defective interfering particles (DI) were known as abnormal virions arising from natural replication and encapsidation errors. Through single virion genome analysis, we revealed that a major category of DI p...
The bacterial archetypal adaptive immune system, CRISPR-Cas, is thought to be repressed in the best-studied bacterium, Escherichia coli K-12. We show here that the E. coli CRISPR-Cas system is active and serves to inhibit its nine defective (i.e., cr...
MCP-1-induced protein (MCPIP, also known as Zc3h12a or Regnase-1), a newly identified suppressor of cytokine signaling, is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs). To investigate the role of endothelial MCPIP in vascular homeostasis and function, we del...
RNA viruses pose a significant global public health burden due to their high mutation rates, zoonotic potential, and ability to evade immune responses. A common aspect of their replication is the generation of defective interfering particles (DIPs),...
In 2013, the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in Taiwan caused serious economic losses. In this study, we examined whether the variations of the cis-acting elements between the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) Taiwan (TW) strain and...
The previous assignment of functional roles for AGO7, and the DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA BINDING (DRB) proteins, DRB1, DRB2, and DRB4, in either microRNA (miRNA) or trans-acting small-interfering RNA (tasiRNA) production allowed for use of the loss-of-funct...
Mutations in parkin, a neuroprotective protein, are the predominant cause of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson’s disease. Neuroinflammation-derived nitrosative stress has been implicated in the etiology of the chronic neurodegeneration. Ho...
Developing control measures of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) rank high as they cause big crop losses globally. The growing awareness of numerous unsafe chemical nematicides and the defects found in their alternatives are calling for rational molec...
Genes associated with the DEAD-box helicase DDX11 are significant biomarkers of aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but their molecular function is poorly understood. We analyzed the molecular pathways through which DDX11 is involved in RCC cell s...
The protein C is a small viral protein encoded in an overlapping frame of the P gene in the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae. This protein, expressed by alternative translation initiation, is a virulence factor that regulates viral transcription, repli...
Triptolide is a natural compound in herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. We studied its effects on critical signaling processes within the cell, including Notch1 and STAT3 signaling. Our research showed that tript...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative olfactory disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Alterations in the hexosamine- or glucose-related pathways have been described through AD progression. Specifically, an alteration in glu...
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are naturally occurring products during virus replication in infected cells. DIPs contain defective viral genomes (DVGs) and interfere with replication and propagation of their corresponding standard viral genom...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered a fatal progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MN) caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. There are currently no treatments available. The most common inherited form of ALS is t...
Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is an adapter that targets dynamin-related protein 1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria for fission. Loss-of-function MFF mutations cause encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission 2 (EM...
5 February 2024
Some charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) mutations are associated with autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 7 (FTDALS7). The main aim of this study is to clarify the relati...
Nucleolar stress reflects a misfunction of the nucleolus caused by a failure in ribosome biogenesis and defective nucleolar architecture. Various causes have been reported, most commonly mutation of ribosomal proteins and ribosome processing factors,...
Ribosome assembly is a complex biological process facilitated by >200 trans-acting factors (TAFs) that function as scaffolds, place-holders or complex remodelers to promote efficient and directional ribosomal subunit assembly but are not themselve...
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) reduce the high profitability of many crops and degrade their quantitative and qualitative yields globally. Traditional nematicides and other nematode control methods are being used against PPNs. However, stakeholders...
1 January 2006
Huntington’s disease is the most prevalent inherited human neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, affecting between 2 to 8 per 100 000 inhabitants of Western countries, with an average age of onset close to 40 (range 2–80) and a usually slow progressi...