Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine contains Substantial and Unexpected Amounts of Defective Viral Genomic RNA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. RNA Isolation
2.3. Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.4. Growth of Virus in Embryonated Chicken’s Eggs
2.5. Haemagglutination Assay
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virus | Segment | Full-Length Segment (nts) a | Total Number of DI RNAs Sequenced | Complex DI RNAs b | Range in Position of First Breakpoint c | Range in Position of Last Breakpoint | Range in Size of DI RNAs (nts) | Median DI RNA (nts) | Mean DI RNA (nts) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A/Ann Arbor/6/60 | 1 | 2341 | 24 (23) d | 3/23 | 102–264 | 1980–2154 | 311–587 | 413 | 438.3 |
2 | 2341 | 13 | 8/13 | 54–468 | 1876–2259 | 206–786 | 379 | 454.6 | |
3 | 2233 | 17 | 5/17 | 82–319 | 1829–2257 | 257–713 | 447 | 430.6 | |
B/Ann Arbor/1/66 | 1 | 2369 | 12 | 1/12 | 90–511 | 1730–2218 | 361–809 | 537.5 | 538.6 |
2 | 2396 | 11 | 0/11 | 136–429 | 1936–2203 | 387–786 | 543 | 573.2 | |
3 | 2308 | 11 | 0/11 | 73–326 | 1954–2139 | 496–658 | 540 | 546.4 |
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Gould, P.S.; Easton, A.J.; Dimmock, N.J. Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine contains Substantial and Unexpected Amounts of Defective Viral Genomic RNA. Viruses 2017, 9, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9100269
Gould PS, Easton AJ, Dimmock NJ. Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine contains Substantial and Unexpected Amounts of Defective Viral Genomic RNA. Viruses. 2017; 9(10):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9100269
Chicago/Turabian StyleGould, Philip S., Andrew J. Easton, and Nigel J. Dimmock. 2017. "Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine contains Substantial and Unexpected Amounts of Defective Viral Genomic RNA" Viruses 9, no. 10: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9100269
APA StyleGould, P. S., Easton, A. J., & Dimmock, N. J. (2017). Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine contains Substantial and Unexpected Amounts of Defective Viral Genomic RNA. Viruses, 9(10), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9100269