Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a new generation of clean and efficient energy conversion devices, demonstrating broad application prospects in transportation, distributed power generation, and other fields. The geometric confi...
Polymer binders are critical auxiliary additives to Li-ion batteries that provide adhesion and cohesion for electrodes to maintain conductive networks upon charge/discharge processes. Therefore, polymer binders become interconnected electrode structu...
To improve the forming quality, precision, and machining stability of square hole structures in high-hardness gun steel (PCrNi3MoVA) during electrochemical machining (ECM). A planar cathode bottom design array with liquid holes is innovatively propos...
We have designed and prepared a novel cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based on SrCo0.95Ru0.05O3−δ perovskite. We have partially replaced Sr by Ba in Sr0.9Ba0.1Co0.95Ru0.05O3−δ (SBCRO) in order to expand the u...
N-doped carbon aerogels have garnered increasing research interest in the field of energy and environment due to their unique structural features. Organic dyes, which contain redox-active sites and act as pollutants, are attractive candidates for cat...
Layered Na0.8Co0.8Ti0.2O2 oxide crystallizes in the β-RbScO2 structure type (P2 modification) with Co(III) and Ti(IV) cations sharing the same crystallographic site in the metal-oxygen layers. It was synthesized as a single-phase material and charact...
The development of advanced machining techniques requires high-performance tool coatings. To improve the wear resistance and cutting performance of AlTiN coatings, a structure optimization strategy involving bias control and a nano-multilayer archite...
The cathode material design is a persistent challenge in the development of next-generation rechargeable batteries. The cathode performance is critically influenced by certain key parameters, i.e., composition, crystal structures, ion transport, and...
The metal thickness uniformity of the micro-electroforming process determines the structural accuracy, surface finish, and functional characteristics, which directly affect the quality, performance, and reliability of the final parts. However, due to...
To improve the practical performance of Na-ion batteries, electrode structure engineering provides a new route to improve the electrochemical efficiency of the cathode active material. In this study, we suggest a new route of one-pot spray engineerin...
Owing to the synergistic effect of cationic and anionic charge compensation, Li-rich layered oxide cathodes stand as the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, the unstable oxygen redox process tr...
Conventional sputtering method uses a single cathode with a permanent magnet. Facing targets sputtering (FTS) methods consists of two cathodes. Because of a unique structure, FTS can prepare high quality films with low temperature and low plasma dama...
In this work, an anode current collector with a scaled step-hole structure (called SF-type) and a cathode current collector with a perforated cross-tilt structure (called X-type) were designed and fabricated for application in passive direct methanol...
Open-cathode fuel cells use air cooling to effectively reduce system cost. However, due to the challenging hygrothermal environment, they generally suffer from low performance compared to conventional, liquid-cooled cells. A pre-validated, three-dime...
Rechargeable lithium–air batteries (LABs), particularly the nonaqueous form, are demonstrated as the next-generation energy conversion and storage equipment for many applications. The air cathode has been certified as one of the critical aspects to a...
In this work, a Spindt cold cathode electron gun with a PPM (periodic permanent magnet) focusing system for a terahertz TWT (traveling wave tube) was designed and simulated based on the Pierce electron gun structure. More specifically, a new 3D (thre...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show significant advantages in the development of cold cathode X-ray tubes due to their excellent field emission performance; however, there are still some problems, such as short lifetime and the low emission current of large...
In the electrochemical machining (ECM) of variable-pitch internal helical grooves, a conventional integral cathode is subject to a kinematic constraint: the working teeth are rigidly fixed to the cathode body and therefore cannot follow a helix angle...
Ni-rich layered oxide LiNi0.91Co0.06Al0.03O2 (NCA91) with high specific capacity has emerged as a leading cathode candidate for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, increase in Ni content triggers structural instability and fast capac...
The efficiency of cathodic protection in the tidal zone, in particular in its highest part, remains questionable. To address this problem, experimental vertical structures were designed and set in a commercial seaport. Each structure was composed of...
Rational design of new and cost-effective advanced batteries for the intended scale of application is concurrent with cathode materials development. Foundational knowledge of cathode materials’ processing–structure–properties–...
Electrochemical mill-grinding (ECMG) is an ideal technical means to achieve an efficient and precise machining of titanium alloy monolithic structural parts. In the rough ECMG process, the selection of a reasonable cutting depth can improve the machi...
LiNixCoyMnzO2 (LNCM)-layered materials are considered the most promising cathode for high-energy lithium ion batteries, but suffer from poor rate capability and short lifecycle. In addition, the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM 111) is considered one of the...
Commercialized lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries have become mainstream energy storage batteries due to their incomparable advantages in safety, stability, and low cost. However, LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries still have the problems of capacity de...
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a reflex klystron oscillator based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) cold-cathode. An X-band klystron oscillator structure is assembled with a CNT cold-cathode electron gun with an electrostatic focusing, a...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been utilized as a promising power source for new energy vehicles. Their performances are greatly affected by the structural design of the flow field in the bipolar plate. In this paper, we present a...
Lithium–oxygen batteries have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high energy density and potential applications. However, the slow kinetics of the cathode reaction and the unstable products in lithium–oxygen bat...
Lithium-ion batteries have become the most promising energy storage devices in recent years. However, the simultaneous increase of energy density and power density is still a huge challenge. Ultrafast laser structuring of electrodes is feasible to in...
Lithium–rich cathodes have excess lithium in the transition metal layer and exhibit an extremely high specific capacity and good energy density. However, they still have some disadvantages. Here, we propose LiCoMnO4, a new nanolayer coating mat...
Internal short circuits and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are mainly caused by deformation-induced failures in their internal components. Understanding the mechanisms of mechanical failure in the internal materials is of much import...
Micro multi-grooves are important functional structures widely used in new heat exchanger types, chemical reactors, and other applications. Electrolytic broaching is an efficient and low-cost technology for processing micro multi-grooves. In the conv...
Optimizing the MEA structure is crucial for enhancing the performance of open-cathode PEMFCs under water shortage conditions. By investigating the impact of gradient ambient temperature on performance, it is highlighted that cathode catalyst layer hy...
As a result of the high safety, low cost, and environmental benignity, aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems. However, their further development is const...
Commercial V2O5 powders typically exhibit a lamellar morphology with limited structural stability and sluggish electron/ion transport, which restricts their discharge performance in thermal batteries. This work aims to enhance the discharge performan...
Transition metal-based sodium fluoro-perovskite of general formula NaMF3 (M = Fe, Mn, and Co) were investigated as cathode materials for rechargeable Na-ion batteries. Preliminary results indicated Na-ion reversible intercalation but highlighted the...
The rapidly increasing demand for energy storage has been consistently driving the exploration of different materials for Li-ion batteries, where the olivine lithium-metal phosphates (LiMPO4) are considered one of the most potential candidates for ca...
Aluminum electrolysis is an energy-intensive process in which the cathode voltage drop (CVD) and horizontal current in the molten aluminum layer directly affect energy consumption and cell stability. In this study, a three-dimensional electro-thermal...
This study developed a MEMS-based electrochemical seismometer relying on a cathode–anode–cathode (CAC) integrated three-electrode structure where two cathodes were positioned on two surfaces of a silicon wafer, while one anode was positio...
Excessive cathodic polarization of underground stainless steel structures results in hydrogen evolution, increasing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and the disbonding of protective coatings from the structure’s surface. This study was conduc...
Magnesium-dissolved oxygen seawater batteries have open structures and flow seawater as electrolytes. These two features attract much attention. The cathode electrode is one of the key components that affect the performance of seawater batteries. In...
We demonstrated the efficient coupling of BiFeO3 (BFO) ferroelectric material within the carbon–sulfur (C-S) composite cathode, where polysulfides are trapped in BFO mesh, reducing the polysulfide shuttle impact, and thus resulting in an improv...
Electrochemical milling is an ideal technique for machining large-scale 3D structures that consist of aerospace aluminum alloys. The distribution of the electric and flow fields are vital to the quality of the machined surface, and the structures of...
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries can provide at least three times higher energy density than lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries. However, Li-S batteries suffer from a phenomenon called the polysulfide shuttle (PSS) that prevents the commercialization of t...
With the rapid increase in demand for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, smart homes, electric-powered tools, intelligent transportation, and other markets, high-nickel multi-element materials are considered to be one of...
As a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) successfully transitioned from laboratory bench to commercial product but was outshone by high capacity/high voltage lithium metal oxide chemistries. Recent change...
Organic materials have emerged as promising candidates for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, offering unique properties and advantages over traditional inorganic counterparts. This review investigates the use of organic...
Thanks to their low cost and environmental sustainability, sodium-ion batteries have emerged as a highly attractive alternative to lithium-ion systems in the field of large-scale energy storage; however, issues such as insufficient energy density and...
Tunnel-type Na0.44MnO2 is extensively regarded as an appealing cathode for sodium-ion batteries due to its cost-effectiveness and excellent cycling performance. However, low theoretical capacity, resulting from insufficient Na+ storage sites, hinders...
La-doped Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 cathode materials were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method. The structure, morphology, element valence states, cyclic voltammetry, and cyclic properties were characterized to investigate the properties of...
Long-time thermal batteries with high specific energy are crucial for improving the fast response ability of long-range weapons. Due to its high capacity, safety, and stability, the new sulfide cathode has attracted extensive attention. In this study...
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