19,496 Results Found

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Introduction: Accurate assessment of the corneal shape is important in cataract and refractive surgery, both in screening of candidates as well as for analyzing postoperative outcomes. Although corneal topography and tomography are widely used, it is...

Background/Objective: Film coatings are vital components of many pharmaceutical products consumed orally in solid dosage form, and the optimization of the film coating unit operation is critical to the success of these products. It is essential to ma...

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disease common in people aged 50 years and older. This condition is characterized by the presence of pain and stiffness involving mainly the shoulder and pelvic girdle. Besides the frequent association...

Quantum state tomography (QST) refers to any method that allows one to reconstruct the accurate representation of a quantum system based on data obtainable from an experiment. In this paper, we concentrate on theoretical methods of quantum tomography...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative, potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography) are imaging techniques for the...

Indirect ophthalmoscopy and handheld retinal imaging are the most common and traditional modalities for the evaluation and documentation of the pediatric fundus, especially for pre-verbal children. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for in viv...

In the ever-evolving landscape of tomographic imaging algorithms, this literature review explores a diverse array of themes shaping the field’s progress. It encompasses foundational principles, special innovative approaches, tomographic impleme...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether stapes prostheses can be visualized with less metal artifacts and therefore more accurately on cone beam computed tomography in comparison to computed tomography imaging. Recent studies have sh...

The uptake of ¹⁸F-fluorothymidine (¹⁸F-FLT) depends on cells’ proliferative rates. We compared the characteristics of ¹⁸F-FLT positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with those of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT for br...

The engineering of quantum computers requires the reliable characterization of qubits, quantum operations, and even the entire hardware. Quantum tomography is an indispensable framework in quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV)...

Choroidal melanoma requires reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate it from benign choroidal nevi. To achieve accurate diagnosis, as well as monitoring the progression of disease, various imaging modalities are used,...

Fewer than 20% of women with endometrial cancer have positive nodes, and an accurate noninvasive imaging modality to assess lymph node status would be helpful in selecting those who need lymphadenectomy. The objective of this pilot study was to evalu...

When visualizing biological activity at nonunion sites by the radioisotopes, gamma rays are more attenuated if metal implants are placed in the bone. However, the effects of various implant types and their placement on gamma ray attenuation in quanti...

The main goal of the research presented in this paper was to develop a refined machine learning algorithm for industrial tomography applications. The article presents algorithms based on logistic regression in relation to image reconstruction using e...

Background and Objectives: Interstitial lung diseases have always been an issue for pulmonary and rheumatology physicians. Computed tomography scans with a high-resolution protocol and bronchoalveolar lavage have been used along with biochemical bloo...

The Kaczmarz method is an important tool for solving large sparse linear systems that arise in computerized tomography. The Kaczmarz anomaly phenomenon has been observed recently when solving certain types of random systems. This raises the question...

Facing the problems in determining the distribution range of karst areas and detecting karst caves under the restrictions of complex building and human exploration environments on the urban surface, taking the karst detection of Tianmeixin village an...

Process tomography, the experimental characterization of physical processes, is a central task in science and engineering. Here, we investigate the axiomatic requirements that guarantee the in-principle feasibility of process tomography in general ph...

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), arising from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Despite the well-known utilization of radioiodine treatment in DTC, i.e., iodine-131, radioiodine imaging in DTC is typi...

GPS tomography has been investigated since 2000 as an attractive tool for retrieving the 3D field of water vapour and wet refractivity. However, this observational technique still remains a challenging task that requires improvement of its methodolog...

Mesh-based Monte Carlo techniques for optical imaging allow for accurate modeling of light propagation in complex biological tissues. Recently, they have been developed within an efficient computational framework to be used as a forward model in opti...

We propose an all-fiber-based dual-modal imaging system that combines noncontact photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The PAT remotely measures photoacoustic (PA) signals with a 1550-nm laser on the surface of a samp...

Operational and safety issues associated with subsiding sinkholes in karst areas start with the definition of fractures and joints, causing ground weakness. Conventional geotechnical boreholes and geological mapping must be complemented with indirect...

A cervicogenic headache (CEH) is difficult to diagnose due to its varied pathology. We evaluated the usefulness of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in diagnosing CEH and its interventional treatment. Retrospec...

This paper presents a literature review on techniques related to the computed tomography procedure that incorporate automation elements in their research investigations or industrial applications. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive testing...

In seismic refraction exploration, travel time tomography is the most widely used method in engineering and environmental geophysical exploration. In this paper, we mainly optimize the travel time tomography of refraction. First, with respect to the...

Quantum process tomography is a fundamental and critical benchmarking and certification tool that is capable of fully characterizing an unknown quantum process. Standard quantum process tomography suffers from an exponentially scaling number of measu...

Discrete tomography is a specific case of computerized tomography that deals with the reconstruction of objects made of a few density values on a discrete lattice of points (integer valued coordinates). In the general case of computerized tomography,...

Electrical Impedance Tomography Spectroscopy (EITS) enables the reconstruction of material distributions inside an object based on the frequency-dependent characteristics of different substances. In this paper, we present a review of EITS focusing on...

The possibility of application of the eddy current tomography setup to measure the small permeability variations caused by magnetoelastic effect was presented. A ferromagnetic steel sample was prepared for applying wall stresses and measured for 30 M...

This paper presents a methodology of inverse tomography transformation in eddy current tomography with the use of continuous optimization of reference defect parameters. Ferromagnetic steel samples with rectangular air inclusion defects of known dime...

We review the formalism of center-of-mass tomograms, which allows us to describe quantum states in terms of probability distribution functions. We introduce the concept of separable and entangled probability distributions for center-of-mass tomograph...

Crystallisation is a crucial step in many industrial processes. Many sensors are being investigated for monitoring such processes to enhance the efficiency of them. Ultrasound techniques have been used for particle sizing characterization of liquid s...

(1) Background: Tomography is widely used in tree risk assessment and forest ecology. Tomograms should be accurate, repeatable and comparable between consecutive measurements. This is the first longitudinal study addressing reproducibility over a per...

Fractures serve as highly conductive preferential flow paths for fluids in rocks, which are difficult to exactly reconstruct in numerical models. Especially, in low-conductive rocks, fractures are often the only pathways for advection of solutes and...

This review paper describes the applications of dental optical coherence tomography (OCT) in oral tissue images, caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer. The background of OCT, including basic theory, system setup, light sources, spatial resoluti...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder, characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Bone disease is the most frequent feature and an end-organ defining indicator of MM. In this context, imaging plays a...

A significant gap in the known methods for assessing the levels of metal artifacts in X-ray computed tomography and approaches to their reduction is an almost complete disregard for the physical nature of this artifact—the proximity to zero of...

We present a modular and cost-effective gamma ray computed tomography system for multiphase flow investigations in industrial apparatuses. It mainly comprises a ¹³⁷Cs isotopic source and an in-house-assembled detector arc, with a total of 16 scintill...

Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is a multiphase CT examination optimized for imaging kidneys, ureters, and bladder, complemented by post-contrast excretory phase imaging. Different protocols are available for contrast administration and image acq...

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are often overlapping conditions. We studied whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) is useful in identifying PMR in t...

There are currently no known preoperative factors for determining the prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) as...

As work continues in neutron computed tomography, at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) and other locations, source reliability over the long imaging times is an issue of increasing importance. Moreover, given the time commitment involved in...

In the field of medical imaging, microwave tomography (MWT) is based on the scattering and absorption characteristics of different tissues to microwaves and can reconstruct the electromagnetic property distribution of biological tissues non-invasivel...

Ionospheric tomography reconstruction based on global navigation satellite system observations is usually an ill-posed problem. To resolve it, an adaptive smoothness constraint ionospheric tomography algorithm is proposed in this work. The new algori...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin malignancy usually arising as a nonspecific nodule on sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. Given the poor prognosis of this aggressive tumor, assessment of disease burden in pre- and post-t...

Active infrared (IR) thermographic nondestructive testing (NDT) has become a valuable inspection method for composite materials due to its high sensitivity to particular types of defect and high inspection rate. The computer-implemented thermal tomog...

Diffuse optical tomography using deep learning is an emerging technology that has found impressive medical diagnostic applications. However, creating an optical imaging system that uses visible and near-infrared (NIR) light is not straightforward due...