The stimulator-of-interferon-gene (STING) protein is involved in innate immunity. The drug DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid) proved to be a potent murine-STING (mSTING) agonist but had little effect on human-STING (hSTING). In this paper,...
Low antigen immunogenicity poses a significant challenge in vaccine development, often leading to inadequate immune responses and reduced vaccine efficacy. Therefore, the discovery of potent immune-enhancing adjuvants is crucial. STING (stimulator of...
In cancer immunotherapy, the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is an attractive target for switching the tumor immunophenotype from ‘cold’ to ‘hot’ through the activation of the...
Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), an intracellular receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, could induce the production of cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN) by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway. In recent years, activation of STING...
The cGAS–STING pathway displays important functions in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity following the detection of microbial and host-derived DNA. Here, we briefly summarize biological functions of STING and review recent literatu...
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway serves as a central innate immune signaling axis in host defense against DNA virus infections, and RNA viruses have also evolved diverse strategies to counteract this pat...
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor protein involved in the activation of IFN-β and many other genes associated with the immune response activation in vertebrates. STING induction has gained attention from different angles s...
As cancer incidence continues to rise and conventional therapies remain of limited effectiveness, the search for novel and innovative cancer treatments is ongoing. In recent years, immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and cell-based appro...
Recent developments in immunotherapy against malignancies overcome the disadvantages of traditional systemic treatments; however, this immune checkpoint treatment is not perfect and cannot obtain a satisfactory clinical outcome in all cases. Therefor...
Reliable assessment of protection in venom immunotherapy (VIT) patients remains a clinical challenge, especially due to the limitations of conventional sting challenge tests (SCTs), which require complex insect handling and may compromise test accura...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer therapy. However, they have been effective in only a small subset of patients and a principal mechanism underlying immune-refractoriness is a ‘cold’ tumour microenvironment, th...
The interrogation of intrinsic and adaptive resistance to cancer immunotherapy has identified lack of antigen presentation and type I interferon signaling as biomarkers of non-T-cell-inflamed tumors and clinical progression. A myriad of pre-clinical...
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is pivotal in immunotherapy. Several agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway have been developed and evaluated for the treatment of various diseases. The agon...
cGAS-STING signaling is a major pathway in inducing type Ⅰ IFN, which plays a crucial role in the defense against T. gondii infection. In contrast, T. gondii develops multiple strategies to counteract the host defense, causing serious diseases...
Diabetes mellitus currently represents a major public health burden worldwide. Among diabetic individuals, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequent and serious microvascular complication that markedly affects both patients’ quality of life and c...
Several DNA viruses have evolved antagonists to inhibit the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA-sensing immune pathway. This includes DNA viral oncogenes that antagonize the cGAS-STING pathway by binding ST...
Laryngeal cancer is the second most common malignancy of the head and neck, worldwide. Immunotherapy targeting checkpoint inhibitors has been approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic laryngeal cancer but has a relatively lo...
Jellyfish stings, as one of the most prevalent forms of marine injury, have increasingly become a subject of concern. Despite their simple morphology and structure, jellyfish possess a complex venom composition that can inflict varying degrees of dam...
The cGAS-STING pathway initiates the core cascade of innate immune defense by recognizing pathogen-associated and self-derived abnormal nucleic acids, and key molecules (such as cGAS, STING, downstream IFN-β, IL-6, etc.) may serve as biomarkers...
Innate immunity is an essential line of defense against pathogen invasion which is gained at birth, and the mechanism involved is mainly to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors. STING (stimulator of in...
The cGAS STING pathway has received much attention in recent years, and it has been recognized as an important component of the innate immune response. Since the discovery of STING and that of cGAS, many observations based on preclinical models sugge...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has persisted within human populations due to its ability to establish both lytic and latent infection. Given this, human hosts have evolved numerous immune responses to protect against HSV infection. Critical in this defen...
Invading pathogens have developed weapons that subvert physiological conditions to weaken the host and permit the spread of infection. Cells, on their side, have thus developed countermeasures to maintain cellular physiology and counteract pathogenes...
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by modulating the inflammation-preferred translation program through the...
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, a central innate immune sensor of cytosolic DNA, plays a dual role in immunoregulation within pulmonary diseases. Recent studies demonstrate its critical role in s...
Background/Objectives: Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy with a highly variable clinical behavior. While early-stage disease is often indolent, progression to dermal invasion and lymph node metastasis is associa...
Tibetan pig is well known for its strong disease resistance. However, little is known about the molecular basis of its strong resistance to disease. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING), also known as MPYS/MITA/ERIS/TMEM173, is an adaptor tha...
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen causing low mortality but high morbidity in humans, with 4–14% cases exhibiting neurological complications. While the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interfero...
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays a significant role in health and disease. In this pathway, cGAS, one of the major cytosolic DNA sensors in mammalian cells, regulates innate immunity and the STIN...
The early detection of bacterial pathogens through immune sensors is an essential step in innate immunity. STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation in the setting of infection by connecting pathogen cytosol...
Innate immune signaling in adipocytes affects systemic metabolism. Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing has been recently shown to stimulate thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and protect from obesity; however, DNA efflux from adipocyte mitochondria is...
Stings from venomous bony and cartilaginous fishes are known to cause extreme pain in humans, and with changing migratory patterns and distributions due to climate change, human interactions with venomous fishes may increase. Therefore, developing a...
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated type-I interferon signaling is a well characterized instigator of the innate immune response following bacterial or viral infections in the periphery. Emerging evidence has recently linked STING to vari...
Objectives: Immunotherapy combining agonists of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade shows promising preclinical results, although in clinical practice, it faces pharmacokineti...
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) serves as a pivotal signaling hub in innate immunity, orchestrating type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory responses upon detection of cytosolic DNA. While the canonical cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS...
STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is a type I interferonopathy caused by gain-of-function mutations in STING1 encoding stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein. SAVI is characterized by severe inflammatory lung disease,...
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists can improve the anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade by amplifying tumor immunogenicity. However, the clinical translation of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) as STING agonists is hindered by th...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection relies on glycolytic reprogramming to support replication, but the mechanisms driving this metabolic shift remain poorly understood. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an...
The cGAS–STING pathway is a key component of the innate immune system and exerts crucial roles in the detection of cytosolic DNA and invading pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intrinsic cGAS–STING pathway not only facilit...
Treating immunosuppressive tumors represents a major challenge in cancer therapies. Activation of STING signaling has shown remarkable potential to invigorate the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). However, we have shown...
There is mounting evidence that the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) interacts extensively with immunological processes in the brain and extends beyond the neuronal compartment. Accumulation of misfolded proteins can activate an innate i...
STING, Tmem173, is involved in liver injury caused by both infectious and sterile inflammatory models. Its role in toxic liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, is less clear. While a few groups have investigated its role...
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a central and multifaceted mediator in innate immunity, and plays vital roles in defending against pathogen infection. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the STING homolog from th...
Seneca Valley Virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is an emerging porcine virus that can cause vesicular disease in pigs. However, the immune evasion mechanism of SVV remains unclear, as does its interaction with other pathways. STING...
Hymenoptera stings in children are a recognized cause of severe and potentially fatal reactions, yet clinical attention has been predominantly focused on IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. This narrative review addresses the broader spectrum of non-IgE-mediat...
During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chron...
The cGAS–STING signaling axis can be activated by cytosolic DNA, including both non-self DNA and self DNA. This axis is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that the cGA...
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates type I interferon (IFN) signaling, which plays a key role in neuroinflammation. Although the role of STING in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of...
Inflammation is a central hallmark of cardiomyopathy, where misdirected immune responses contribute to chronic myocardial dysfunction. Among the emerging molecular mechanisms implicated in this process, the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimul...
Previous studies have reported that Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection could activate STING-related signaling pathways in vitro, but the role of STING in EV-A71 infection in vivo and the associated immune regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, w...
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