110 Results Found

Environmental contamination by trinitrotoluene is of global concern due to its widespread use in military ordnance and commercial explosives. Despite known long-term persistence in groundwater and soil, the toxicological profile of trinitrotoluene an...

Non-isothermal sublimation kinetics of low-volatile materials is more favorable over isothermal data when time is a crucial factor to be considered, especially in the subject of detecting explosives. In this article, we report on the in-situ measurem...

In spite of technological progress, most of the current techniques for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection are time consuming due to laborious sensor preparation. Thereby, the aim of this work was to enlarge the knowledge for preparing sensitive el...

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an aromatic pollutant that is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. The screening of efficient degrading bacteria for bioremediation of TNT has received much attention from scholars. In this paper, transc...

A glycoluril-derived molecular-clip-based supramolecular organic framework (clip-SOF) with intrinsic porosity was prepared. The clip-SOF was used for the adsorption and removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) driven by noncovalent interactions. The ef...

In this article, we report the in-situ nanoscale experimental measurement of sublimation rates, activation energy of sublimation, and diffusion coefficients of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) single crystals in air using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Th...

Microbial remediation of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) is a promising environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to the removal of these life-threating agents. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has shown remarkable capability for the biotransform...

Extensive use and disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a primary constituent of explosives, pollutes the environment and causes severe damage to human health. Complete mineralization of TNT via bacterial degradation has recently gained research i...

In this study, we modified a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor chip with a polymer using surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization (SI-ATRP) for the highly sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). To immobilize a TNT analogue on...

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), one of the main compounds in ammunition wastewater, is harmful to the environment. In this study, the treatment efficiency of 2,4,6-TNT by different treatment processes, including ferrous ion (Fe2+), hydrogen peroxide (H2...

This paper describes the nitration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and its conversion to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a gram scale with the use of a fully automated flow chemistry system. The conversion of DNT to TNT traditionally requires the use of h...

There is great interest in understanding trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) contamination, detection and remediation in the environment due to TNT’s negative health effects and security implications. Numerous publications have focused on...

Fluorescence immunoassays employing monoclonal antibodies directed against the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were conducted in a multi-channel microimmunosensor. The multi-channel microimmunosensor was prepared in poly (methyl methacrylate) (...

The illegal use of explosives by terrorists and other criminals is an increasing issue in public spaces, such as airports, railway stations, highways, sports venues, theaters, and other large buildings. Security in these environments can be achieved...

Kinetic thermal analysis was conducted using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) at a temperature range of 15–25 °C to calculate the activation energy of the sublimation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) islands. The decay of different diame...

This work optimizes the energetic performance of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) abatement in water using a sono-photo-Fenton-like (SPF) process coupled with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI). A response–surface methodology (RSM) with a five-level centr...

The nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. Since physicochemical methods for remediation are poorly effective, the use of microorganisms has gained interest as an alternative to r...

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of the process of laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) of trinitrotoluene traces on a paper surface under synchronized double-pulse laser irrad...

In this study, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip based on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) recognition peptide-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The carboxylic acid-functionalized SWCNTs were immobilized on a 3-ami...

This work reports a rapid, simple and low-cost voltammetric sensor based on a dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that uses 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) as a template for the quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and DNP, and the identificat...

A field demonstration and longevity assessment for long-term monitoring of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a marine environment using an anti-TNT microfluidic immunosensor is described. The TNT immunosensor is comprised of a microfluidic...

This effort evaluated the potential of two prototype devices for enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) following preconcentration using an organosilicate sorbent. The bench-scale prototype provides...

A microring resonator sensor device for sensitive detection of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is presented. It is based on the combination of a silicon microring resonator and tailored receptor molecules.

The article offers a comparison of the sensitivities for vapour trace detection of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives of two different sensor systems: a chemo-mechanical sensor based on chemically modified Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) cantilevers base...

To determine the amount of the explosives 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and its metabolites in marine samples, a toolbox of methods was developed to enhance sample preparation and analysis of various types of marine s...

This study explores the adsorption and catalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous solutions, using montmorillonite-based catalysts. Commercially, montmorillonite K10 was modified through aluminum pillaring (K10-Al-PILC), follow...

Design and evolution of explosives monitoring and detection platforms to address the challenges of trace level chemical identification have led investigations into the use of intricately designed microfluidic devices. Microfluidic devices are unique...

Submerged munitions are present in marine waters across the globe. They contain energetic compounds (ECs), such as TNT and metabolites thereof, which are considered carcinogenic, exhibit toxic effects in marine organisms, and may affect human health....

A new hyphenated technique using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to separate analytes in mixtures, coupled with mid-infrared (MIR) laser spectroscopy for identification and quantification, is presented. The method, which provides a means for rapid sc...

Interfaces formed by high energy density materials and metal oxides present intriguing new opportunities for a large set of novel applications that depend on the control of the energy release and initiation of explosive chemical reactions. We studied...

The development of computational techniques and computer hardware has an impact the analysis of short-term (fast-changing) processes, such as the impact of a non-contact underwater explosion pressure waves. A theory of underwater explosions, gas bubb...

This study offers an updated overview of the soil and water remediation strategies employed to address the widespread environmental and public health risks associated with explosive compounds, particularly TNT and RDX. Recognizing soil contamination...

In today’s world, concrete structures are exposed to various influences, including explosive actions. With the increasing use of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), it is essential to investigate its response to blast effects. As there are few stu...

We have previously described the application of novel porous organosilicate materials to the preconcentration of nitroenergetic targets from aqueous solution prior to HPLC analysis. The performance of the sorbents and the advantages of these types of...

Explosives are of significant interest to homeland security departments and forensic investigations. Fast, sensitive and selective detection of these chemicals is of great concern for security purposes as well as for triage and decontamination in con...

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a widely employed explosive compound; for that reason, an [...]

Here, we investigated the synthetic processes for the methyl derivatives of sym-triaminobenzene and phloroglucinol, the essential chemical reactants coming into use in the production of dyes and pigments, and medicinal drugs for different purposes. T...

Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwat...

The results of a comprehensive investigation into the structure and properties of nanodiamond soot (NDS), obtained from the detonation of various explosive precursors (trinitrotoluene, a trinitrotoluene/hexogen mixture, and tetryl), are presented. Th...

Most of the damage caused by an explosion is caused by a pressure effect. The magnitude of the pressure generated by the explosion is influenced by the external characteristics of the environment (surrounding objects, their arrangement, geometry, etc...

We report on the development of an electrochemical probe for the trace analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in soil samples. The probe is a combination of graphite electrodes, filter paper, with ethylene glycol and choline chloride as the solvent/...

A prototype of a nitro compound vapor and trace detector, which uses the pyrolysis method and a capacitive gas sensor based on the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure type Pd–SiO2–Si, was developed and manufactured....

A novel approach for identifying explosive species is reported, using Raman spectroscopy in suspended core optical fibers. Numerical simulations are presented that predict the strength of the observed signal as a function of fiber geometry, with the...

The mechanism of photolytic degradation of 2-4-6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by UVA–visible light (>320 nm) in ethanolic, aqueous-ethanolic, and aqueous solutions was investigated by electrospray and aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization...

The formation of self-assembled monolayers with the possibility of selective activation is an important goal of surface chemistry. In this work, a new surface modifier which creates amino surfaces based on aminopropylsilatrane (APS) with a protected...

Two new azaheterocycle-based bolas, such as (1-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-bisfunctionalized PEGs, were prepared via Cu-catalyzed click reaction between 2-(4-azidophenyl)-5-(aryl)-oxadi...

Blasting is a key process that plays a significant role in various industries, including mining and construction. To measure the effectiveness and potential impact of a blast generated by different explosives, industry professionals use a widely acce...

Nitroaromatic explosives are the most common explosives, and their detection is important to public security, human health, and environmental protection. In particular, the detection of solid explosives through directly revealing the presence of thei...

Polymer gel sensors on 96-well plates were successfully used to detect four different multi-explosives, including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), nitrite, and perchlorate. The products of reactions between the explosives and th...

Desirable advancements in the field of explosive materials include the development of novel melt-castable compounds with melting points ranging from 80 to 110 °C. This is particularly important due to the limited performance and high toxicity ass...