82 Results Found

The use of the Maisotsenko cycle (M-Cycle) in traditional wet cooling towers (TWCTs) has the potential to reduce the costs of electricity generation by cooling water below the inlet air’s wet-bulb temperature. TWCTs cannot provide sufficient co...

Urbanization has resulted in high temperatures in cities, which are exacerbated by an increase in urban impervious surfaces (road space). This study investigated the effect of urban road characteristics on roadside temperature. Different temperature...

In this paper, a plate counter-flow dew-point evaporative cooling system was designed with a nanoporous membrane covered on the surface of the wet channel for enhancement of heat and mass transfer. First, the operating principle of this device and th...

Increasing surface air temperature is a fundamental characteristic of a warming world. Rising temperatures have potential impacts on human health through heat stress. One heat stress metric is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into consider...

The demand for cooling continues to increase in line with environmental changes and a greater desire for human comfort. In north Africa and middle eastern countries, and particularly in Tunisia, cooling constitutes a big problem as it is recommended...

In moderate climates, the operation of windows is the most common way to control for thermal comfort. Window-opening behavior (WOB) is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, yet only simple bi-variate analyses between variables obtained fr...

Learning an optimal control strategy from the optimized operating dataset is a feasible way to improve the operational efficiency of HVAC systems. The operation dataset is the key to ensuring the global optimality and universality of the operation st...

The indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) has excellent potential to replace or improve conventional vapor compression equipment in HVAC and refrigeration applications. This could be achieved by using the M-cycle (dew-point evaporative cooling technology...

Heat stress would be intensified under global warming and become a key issue of occupational health for labor force working outdoors. The changes in labor force would affect regional socioeconomic development. So far, changes in labor force due to he...

Little is known about the effects of wet-bulb temperature (WBT) and short-term black carbon (BC) exposure on emergency department visits for cause-stable ischemic heart disease (CSIHD). In this study, we improved and extended a set of distributed lag...

In this study, a comprehensive investigation into the inter-relationships among twelve atmospheric variables and their responses to precipitation was conducted. These variables include two Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tropospheric produ...

Most heat-health studies identified thresholds just outside human comfort zones, which are often too low to be used in heat-warning systems for reducing climate-related health risks. We refined a generalized additive model for selecting thresholds wi...

This study assesses the impacts of urban configurations on thermal perceptions in Flat Bandar Tasik Selatan (FBTS) and Surya Magna (SM) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It aims to understand the impacts of urban configurations on thermal perceptions in out...

The applicability of a hollow fiber membrane evaporative cooler in hot–dry regions was investigated by experimental studies. To better understand the actual operating environment of the hollow fiber membrane evaporative cooler, the outdoor air...

Delayed recovery of the core body temperature after exercise adversely affects physiological functions, and the effects of ingesting lower-temperature ice slurry on post-exercise recovery remain unclear. We investigated the effects of ingesting &minu...

Humidity is a significant factor contributing to heat stress, but without enough consideration in studies of quantifying heat hazard or heat risk assessment. Here, the simplified wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) considering joint effects of temperat...

In the 21st century, the poultry sector is a vital concern for the developing economies including Pakistan. The summer conditions of the city of Multan (Pakistan) are not comfortable for poultry birds. Conventionally, swamp coolers are used in the po...

Agricultural workers in the United States (U.S.) are exposed to occupational heat stress, increasing their risk of adverse kidney outcomes. The aim of this integrative review was to explore the relationship between occupational heat stress and kidney...

Global warming is bringing more frequent and severe heat waves, and the result will be serious for vulnerable populations such as construction workers. Excessive heat stress has profound effects on physiological responses, which cause occupational in...

Hot working environment not only affects work efficiency, but also poses a potential threat to the physical and mental health of staff. The current common method for dealing with high temperatures is spray-only or ventilation-only. To investigate the...

The circulating cooling water system is widely used in various industrial production fields, and its operating cost largely depends on external factors, such as ambient temperature and working medium flow. Considering the relative elevation of the he...

This study investigated the effects of weather conditions on male performance during the Boston Marathon from 1897 to 2018. A total of 383,982 observations from 244,642 different finishers were analysed using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. All ru...

This study investigates the effect of the spatial distribution of soil water and nutrients on cork oak (Quercus suber) architecture. Fertirrigation is being tested in cork oak plantations to accelerate tree growth up to the production stage. To asses...

Urban green and blue infrastructure (GBI) is effective in urban heat mitigation. However, the diurnal variations in the thermal regulation of GBI on different types of urban pedestrian walkways in the subtropical humid climate zone are unclear. Based...

As one of the most widely used units in water cooling systems, the closed wet cooling towers (CWCTs) have two typical counter-flow constructions, in which the spray water flows from the top to the bottom, and the moist air and cooling water flow in t...

The need for healthcare workers (HCWs) to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic heightens their risk of thermal stress. We assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCWs from India...

The performance of the Plate Indirect Evaporative Cooler (PIEC) can be effectively improved by incorporating baffles in the dry channel. However, in the dimensional influence of the baffles on PIEC performance there remains a research gap. In order t...

The rapid development of data centers (DCs) has led to a marked increase in energy consumption in recent years, which poses a direct challenge to global efforts aimed at reducing carbon emissions. In regions with hot and humid climates, the energy de...

Human health, energy and comfort are determined by the climate that remains in the physical environment. Regarding urban climate, few studies assess the urban heat island effect, heat stress, and public health as geographical representations. This st...

In order to promote the engineering application of indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) in the field of building air conditioning, as well as reduce air conditioning energy consumption and carbon emissions, this paper proposes a fresh air unit using in...

The incorporation of a Maisotsenko (M) Cycle into an indirect evaporative cooler has led to the achievement of sub-wet bulb temperature without any humidification, thus making it a possible green and sustainable alternative for handling the cooling l...

Vertical line source irrigation is a localized water-saving technique suitable for deep-rooted crops, but the geometric structure of the wetted bulb lacks a systematic analytical modeling method. This study established a simplified three-dimensional...

The closed evaporative cooling tower (CECT) is widely used in the field of industrial cooling. At present, most CECTs still mainly adopt the horizontal-tube falling-film cooling method. In this paper, a novel vertical CECT using 3D deformation tubes...

Due to modern comfort demands and global warming, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used in many homes and buildings. However, HVAC based on the Vapor Compression System (VCS) is a major energy consumer, accounting...

With an increase in mining depth, the problem of heat damage in metal mine working face has become increasingly prominent. In order to effectively reduce the temperature of the working face and provide a comfortable working environment for the miners...

Nowadays, the measurement of heat stress indices is of principal importance due to the escalating impact of global warming. As temperatures continue to rise, the well-being and health of individuals are increasingly at risk, which can lead to a detri...

The present study provides insights into the energy-saving potential of a membrane energy recovery ventilator (ERV) for the management of building air-conditioning loads. This study explores direct (DEC), Maisotsenko cycle (MEC) evaporative cooling,...

In urban areas, high air temperatures and heat stress levels greatly affect human thermal comfort and public health, with climate change further increasing the mortality risks. This study presents a high resolution (100 m) modelling method, including...

Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are widely used in building energy conservation in many countries and regions. However, they are rarely seen in Taiwan. The main reason is the extraordinary imbalance between the heating load and cooling load of build...

The present study aims to evaluate the performance of evaporation-assisted humidification–dehumidification (E-HDH) desalination, specifically direct evaporative (DE-HDH), indirect evaporative (IE-HDH), and Maisotsenko evaporative (ME-HDH) syste...

Adjuvants are supplemental substances added to pesticide tank mixtures to enhance their efficacy by altering the dispersing, emulsifying, spreading, sticking, and wetting properties of the spray mixture. The goals of this study were an assessment of...

Heat stress on workers wearing PPE (Personal protective equipment) in hot outdoor environments is of rising concern, especially in cases when rest breaks and clothing changes are impractical. Mist fan evaporative cooling could provide low-energy cont...

As a special type of through-flow device, bulb turbine pumps have been widely used in the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project due to their compact structure, flexible installation process, easy maintenance, high efficiency, an...

The excessive use of energy in buildings due to increased populations and economic development leads to more greenhouse gas emissions, which affect climate change and global warming. Changes in prevailing outdoor weather conditions significantly affe...

Scarcity has made fresh water too economically and socially too valuable to be used by the processing industry without restriction. Wet evaporative cooling cycles offer competitive advantages in terms of CoP compared to other cooling cycles with rela...

In the present work, the effects of different operating parameters on the performance of a gravity-assisted heat pipe-based indirect evaporative cooler (GAHP-based IEC) were investigated. The aim of the theoretical study is to evaluate accurately the...

Indirect evaporative coolers (IECs) for air conditioning rely on liquid water being sprayed into the exhaust stream of used air to induce evaporation and cool down the incoming stream of fresh air in an indirect heat exchanger. This paper describes a...

Adaptation measures to urban heat islands are classified into the following three categories: measures to reduce solar radiation incident on the human body, measures to control and cool ground and wall surface temperature, and measures to control and...

This study focuses on improving human thermal comfort in a high-temperature outdoor environment using vests with a radiative cooling coating. The effects of coating thickness on the radiative cooling performance were first evaluated, and an optimal t...

More than 40 heat indices are being used across the world to quantify outdoor thermal comfort. The selection of an Outdoor Heat Stress Index (OHSI) depends on several parameters, including clothing, age, awareness, local environment, food consumption...