The first week of August 2022 saw the world’s cryptographers grapple with the second shocker of the year. Another one of the four post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms selected by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) i...
The RSA cryptosystem has been a cornerstone of modern public key infrastructure; however, recent advancements in quantum computing and theoretical mathematics pose significant risks to its security. The advent of fully operational quantum computers c...
Quantum computing presents a critical threat to the cryptographic basis of metaverse platforms, with Shor’s algorithm capable of breaking traditional public-key cryptography and Grover’s algorithm significantly weakening symmetric encrypt...
The IoE forms the foundation of the modern digital ecosystem by enabling seamless connectivity and data exchange among smart devices, sensors, and systems. However, the inherent nature of this structure, characterized by high heterogeneity, distribut...
The rapid development of quantum computing devices promises powerful machines with the potential to confront a variety of problems that conventional computers cannot. Therefore, quantum computers generate new threats at unprecedented speed and scale...
The nascent quantum computing brings unprecedented threats to the security roots of blockchain technology, potentially compromising cryptographic protocols securing decentralized systems. This review paper discusses the developing quantum threat scen...
Cryptography has been used from time immemorial for preserving the confidentiality of data/information in storage or transit. Thus, cryptography research has also been evolving from the classical Caesar cipher to the modern cryptosystems, based on mo...
By aggregating intelligence on emerging threats, attack techniques, and vulnerabilities, organizations can establish a more comprehensive threat landscape awareness and proactively identify potential risks. However, in the process of sharing threat i...
While Blockchain technology is universally considered as a significant technology for the near future, some of its pillars are under a threat of another thriving technology, Quantum Computing. In this paper, we propose important safeguard measures ag...
Quantum physics is surprising in many ways. One surprise is the threat to locality implied by Bell’s Theorem. Another surprise is the capacity of quantum computation, which poses a threat to the complexity-theoretic Church-Turing thesis. In bot...
With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, traditional cryptographic systems are facing unprecedented challenges. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), as a new cryptographic technology that can resist attacks from quantum computers, has...
Modern technologies like quantum and cloud computing have reshaped computing, offering immense power and scalability. While beneficial, they also challenge the security of traditional cryptographic systems. Quantum computing threatens RSA and ECC wit...
With the development of quantum computing, classical cryptosystems (RSA, ECDSA) that ensure the security of distributed ledgers face an existential threat. This paper examines protocols for protecting personal data (PD) in blockchain, taking into acc...
With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the number of IoT users is growing year after year. IoT will become a part of our daily lives, so it is likely that the security of these devices will be an important issue in the fut...
Around the same time that 6G networks will be launched, advances in quantum computing could challenge existing cryptographic security. This study provides a new approach for designing a quantum-safe 6G security architecture powered by neurons. The fr...
In recent years, some general cryptographic technologies have been widely used in network platforms related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, effectively curbing network security risks and maintaining the orderly operation and no...
Quantum computing poses an unprecedented threat to classical cryptography, requiring new risk assessment paradigms. This paper proposes a Quantum-Adjusted Risk Score (QARS) model, a theoretical and methodological innovation within the EU’s PARE...
Edge computing has emerged as a distributed computing technology to mitigate the cloud computing overload caused by the rapid increase in connected devices. However, because communications between devices and edge servers are conducted over public ch...
With the advancement of quantum computing, the utilization of quantum algorithms such as Shor’s algorithm enables the efficient resolution of problems that are intractable in classical computing paradigms, posing a significant threat to traditi...
The advent of quantum computing presents a significant threat to the security of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms, necessitating the adoption of new cryptographic mechanisms resilient to quantum-based attacks. This need is particularly critical fo...
The main purpose of a quantum key distribution network is to provide secret keys to any users or applications requiring a high level of security, ideally such as to offer the best protection against any computational attack, even of a quantum nature....
Quantum computing poses a significant threat to blockchain systems that rely on elliptic curve cryptography and other classical security mechanisms. Algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s can weaken or completely break the cryptographic f...
Quantum computing is currently being researched in many countries, and if implemented in the near future, it may pose a threat to existing encryption standards. In the quantum computer environment, asymmetric encryption can be solved by Shor’s...
Privacy comparison is an important research topic in secure multi-party computing, widely used in e-commerce, secret ballots, and other fields. However, the development of quantum computing power poses a growing potential security threat to secure mu...
This research aims to establish a secure system for key exchange by using post-quantum cryptography (PQC) schemes in the classic channel of quantum key distribution (QKD). Modern cryptography faces significant threats from quantum computers, which ca...
The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importance of securing all four aspects of the IoT model: sensors, networks, cloud, and applications. Considering the significant value of public-key cryptography...
Nowadays, quantum computing is developing at an unprecedented speed. This will pose a serious threat to the security of widely used public-key cryptosystems in the near future. Scientists are actively looking for ways to protect against quantum attac...
This paper starts with an updated review and analyzes recent developments in quantum-inspired algorithms for cybersecurity, with specific attention to possible perspectives of optimization. The enhancement of classical computing capabilities with qua...
In modern communication networks, particularly satellite-based systems, data security faces significant challenges from vulnerabilities such as signal interception, jamming, and latency during long distance transmissions. Traditional cryptographic me...
The development of increasingly sophisticated quantum computers poses a long-term threat to current cryptographic infrastructure. This has spurred research into both quantum-resistant algorithms and how to safely transition real-world implementations...
With the rapid development of quantum computers, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has become critical technology in the security field. PQC includes cryptographic techniques that are secure against quantum-computer-based attacks, utilizing methods suc...
The Diffie–Hellman protocol, ingenious in its simplicity, is still the major solution in protocols for generating a shared secret in cryptography for e-trading and many other applications after an impressive number of decades. However, lately,...
The existence of quantum computers and Shor’s algorithm poses an imminent threat to classical public-key cryptosystems. These cryptosystems are currently used for the exchange of keys between servers and clients over the Internet. The Internet...
Blockchain transactions are decentralized, secure, and transparent, and they have altered industries. However, the emergence of quantum computing presents a severe security risk to the traditional encryption algorithms used in blockchain. Post-quantu...
Motivated by the growing threat of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and the emergence of quantum computing, this study introduces a novel “quanvolutional autoencoder” architecture for learning representations. The architecture...
The rapid development of quantum computing poses challenges to the foundations of traditional cryptography. The threats are significant in terms of both asymmetric cryptography (which exposes schemes like RSA and ECC to efficient attacks) and symmetr...
The dynamic growth in the dependence of numerous industrial sectors, businesses, and critical infrastructure on infocommunication technologies necessitates the enhancement of their resilience to cyberattacks and radio-frequency threats. This article...
With the looming threat of quantum computers capable of breaking classical encryption and the uncertainty regarding the security of post-quantum encryption algorithms, some highly sensitive applications aim for the highest level of security in inform...
Quantum computing challenges the long-term security assumptions of blockchain systems that rely on classical public-key cryptography, motivating the adoption of post-quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution (QKD). This review maps research f...
Due to the superiority of quantum computing, traditional cryptography is facing a severe threat. This makes the security evaluation of cryptographic systems in quantum attack models both significant and urgent. For symmetric ciphers, the security ana...
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has significantly enhanced the healthcare system by enabling advanced patient monitoring, data analytics, and remote interactions. Given that IoMT devices generate vast amounts of sensitive data, robust privacy m...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a critical role in various fields, including logistics, agriculture, and rescue operations. Effective identity authentication and key agreement schemes are vital for UAV networks to combat threats. Current schemes...
Many hacking incidents are linked to work files because most companies work with them. However, a variety of file encryption and decryption methods have been proposed. Existing file encryption/decryption technologies are under threat as hacking techn...
The rapid development of quantum computing poses severe threats to traditional blockchain security mechanisms, while existing full-quantum blockchains face challenges regarding high hardware costs and limited scalability. To address these issues, thi...
Advances in quantum computing have created a serious threat to modern asymmetric cryptosystems protecting heterogeneous critical information infrastructures (CIIs). During this transition period, the primary threat is the “Harvest Now, Decrypt...
The importance of network security has increased with the emergence of networked systems in contemporary computing, making it an essential aspect of protecting digital assets and safeguarding against cyber threats. The current security mechanisms, wh...
The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the tactile internet presents high-quality connectivity strengthened by next-generation networking to cover a vast array of smart systems. Quantum computing is another powerful enabler of the next tec...
Current improvements in quantum computing present a substantial challenge to classical cryptographic systems, which typically rely on problems that can be solved in polynomial time using quantum algorithms. Consequently, post-quantum cryptography (PQ...
Hydropower facilities are often remotely monitored or controlled from a centralized remote control room. Additionally, major component manufacturers monitor the performance of installed components, increasingly via public communication infrastructure...
Traditional video conference systems depend largely on computational complexity to ensure system security, but with the development of high-performance computers, the existing encryption system will be seriously threatened. To solve this problem, a h...
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