The revision of the standard Los Alamos opacities in the 1980–1990s by a group from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (OPAL) and the Opacity Project (OP) consortium was an early example of collaborative big-data science, leading to rel...
To evaluate contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) chest examinations regarding pulmonary perfusion patterns and pulmonary opacities in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease. Fourteen patients with 24 DECT examinations performed...
Background: Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used to estimate tumor size before lung resection, whereas pathologic examination provides the reference tissue-based measurement after surgery. This study aimed to compare CT-derived and pathologic t...
Objective: An AI-based software prototype for the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia was evaluated regarding its potential to quantify pulmonary opacities across Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) var...
Background/Objectives: Ground-glass opacity (GGO) refers to areas of increased lung opacity on computed tomography (CT) scans. Distinguishing malignant from benign lesions using CT scans remains significantly challenging. This study aims to compare t...
In the COVID-19 Era, multilobe ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and septal thickening on chest Computed Tomography (CT) have been recognized as a radiological finding highly suggestive for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, these findings can be misleading....
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. It involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs. However, the significance of the lung involvement in SFTS remains unclear. In the...
Objective: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into computer-aided detection (CAD) is a major innovation in lung cancer diagnosis. However, its reliability in detecting the earliest radiographic sign—faint ground-glass opacities (GG...
On 12 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel Coronavirus (CoV) disease a global Pandemic and an emerging risk. In order to understand patterns that are typical in COVID-19 pneumonia and track the evolution of the disease,...
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a major cause of morbidity and death in IPF. However, sensitive predictive factors of AE-IPF have not been well-investigated. To investigate whether high-resolution computed tomographic...
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Usually, patients have lung involvement characterized by ground glass opacities (GGOs), but honeycombing (HC) is also possible. The Wells score is a semi...
Background: COVID-19 is a disease with multiple variants, and is quickly spreading throughout the world. It is crucial to identify patients who are suspected of having COVID-19 early, because the vaccine is not readily available in certain parts of t...
Cinematic rendering (CR) is a physically based three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) visualization technique that has been applied chiefly to the external surface morphology of vascular structures. Intraluminal CR has previously been descri...
This study’s aim was to investigate CT (computed tomography) pattern dynamics differences within surviving and deceased adult patients with COVID-19, revealing new prognostic factors and reproducing already known data with our patients’ cohort: 635 h...
Background: This study evaluated the temporal characteristics of lung chest X-ray (CXR) scores in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and how they relate to other clinical variables and outcomes (alive or dead). Methods: This is a retrospective...
Background: Most predictive models for assessing the invasiveness of pure ground-glass nodules (pGGOs) have been developed in Asian populations, which may limit their applicability to Western cohorts. As the detection of pGGOs continues to increase,...
Thin-slice high-resolution computed tomography (CT) has improved the detection of small pulmonary nodules, increasing the demand for minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic resection. While lobectomy with lymph node dissection remains the stand...
Interlobular septa thickening (ILST) is a common and easily recognized feature on computed tomography (CT) images in many lung disorders. ILST thickening can be smooth (most common), nodular, or irregular. Smooth ILST can be seen in pulmonary edema,...
Background/Objectives: The accurate quantification of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation volumes has prognostic value in COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the accurate manual quantification of the corresponding volumes remains a time-cons...
Nowadays, several opacity codes are able to provide data for stellar structure models, but the computed opacities may show significant differences. In this work, we present state-of-the-art precise spectral opacity calculations, illustrated by stella...
In 2015 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) released a new set of OPLIB opacity tables for the elements hydrogen through zinc. The new LANL opacities are publicly available via our website and are already in use by the astrophysics community. In th...
In this article, we propose several ideas and tools in order to check the reliability of radiative opacity and atomic physics databases. We first emphasize that it can be useful to verify that mathematical inequalities, which impose lower and upper b...
Opacity is a fundamental quantity for stellar modeling, and it plays an essential role throughout the life of stars. After gravity drives the collapse of interstellar matter into a protostar, the opacity determines how this matter is structured aroun...
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) integrate physical processes and information components through communication networks and are therefore vulnerable to cyber attacks. Opacity is a security property that prevents an adversary from inferring sensitive inf...
We present opacity calculations with the newly developed STAR code, which implements the Super-Transition-Array (STA), with various improvements. The model is used to calculate and analyze local thermodynamic equilibrium opacities of mid and high Z e...
Glaucoma causes blindness due to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells. The immune response chronically and subclinically mediates a homeostatic role. In current clinical practice, it is impossible to analyse neuroinflammation non-invasivel...
Background/Objectives: Quantitative computed tomography (CT) metrics are widely used to assess pulmonary involvement and to predict short-term severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it remains unclear whether baseline artificial in...
Using two independent theoretical methods based on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock (HFR) and the fully relativistic Multiconfigurational Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) approaches, we computed the radiative parameters (transition pr...
Glaucoma is a multifactorial pathology involving the immune system. The subclinical immune response plays a homeostatic role in healthy situations, but in pathological situations, it produces imbalances. Optical coherence tomography detects immune ce...
Medical Imaging Phantoms (MIPs) calibrate imaging devices, train medical professionals, and can help procedural planning. Traditional MIPs are costly and limited in customization. Additive manufacturing allows for customizable, patient-specific phant...
Recent advances in 3D scanning have enabled the digital recording of complex objects as large-scale point clouds, which require clear visualization to convey their 3D shapes effectively. Edge-highlighting visualization is used to improve the comprehe...
Opacity, an important property of the information flow in discrete-event systems (DESs), characterizes whether the secret information in a system is ambiguous to a passive observer (called an intruder). Observation models play a critical role in the...
Information security is an important area of concern in modern computer-integrated systems. It involves implementing preventative measures to protect confidential data from potential vulnerabilities, such as unauthorized access, secret disclosure, mo...
In the context of atomic data computations for astrophysical applications, we review four different types of databases we have implemented for data dissemination: a database for nebular modeling; TIPTOPbase; OPserver; and AtomPy. The database for neb...
3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enables real-time rendering of photorealistic scene representations from multiview images and has potential as a visualization layer for digital twins. However, photorealistic appearance and image-level metrics alone do n...
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether predictive indicators for the deterioration of respiratory status can be derived from the deep learning data analysis of initial chest computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with...
Aerial remote sensing efficiently surveys large areas, but accurate direct object-level measurement remains difficult in complex natural scenes. Advancements in 3D computer vision, particularly radiance field representations such as NeRF and 3D Gauss...
Cavitary lung lesions are quite common findings on chest imaging and often pose a diagnostic challenge to the clinicians. We describe a case of a 75-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with hemoptysis. Computed tomography of the chest d...
An 82-year-old man known case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with fever and weakness. He had never received any treatment for his CLL in the past. On admission he was found to be in mild respiratory distress with bilateral crackles a...
To evaluate the radiological findings in patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) before steroid treatment and their behavior after therapy, we retrospectively evaluated a total of 22 patients with a diagnosis of COP made by bronchoalveol...
Apart from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, chest radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans were employed as crucial diagnostic methods for detecting the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our objecti...
Pulmonary vasculitis identifies a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation, damage and necrosis of the wall of pulmonary vessels. The most common approach to classify vasculitis is according to etiology, therefore dividing them i...
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are autoimmune idiopathic systemic inflammatory diseases, characterized by various degrees of muscle inflammation and typical cutaneous lesions—the latter found in dermatomyositis. The underlying pathogenesis is...
This study aimed to determine diagnostic and prognostic differences in major forms of interstitial lung disease using quantitative CT imaging. A retrospective study of 225 subjects with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (...
The literature reports that there was a significant difference in the medical impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic between European and East Asian countries; specifically, the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Europe was significantly hi...
Background: Early and accurate detection of COVID-19-related findings (such as well-aerated regions, ground-glass opacity, crazy paving and linear opacities, and consolidation in lung computed tomography (CT) scan) is crucial for preventive measures...
We analyzed the main colorimetric characteristics of lights on Mars’ surface from 3139 total spectral irradiances provided by the COMIMART model (J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5, A33, 2015), modifying the parameters of ‘solar zenith angle&...
In the era of increasing availability of high-resolution chest computed tomography, the diagnosis and management of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) has become a common challenging clinical problem. Meanwhile, surgical techniques have improved, and...
Purpose: the purpose of this study was to assess the evolution of computed tomography (CT) findings and lung residue in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, via quantified evaluation of the disease, using a computer aided tool. Materials and methods: we...
Introduction: We aimed to investigate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation, empirically treated with β-lactam monotherapy, with 30-day mortality and risk factors predicting its complicated course. Material and methods: A prosp...
of 5