Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is the most common injury of the Achilles tendon and represents 55–65% of all Achilles tendon clinical diagnoses. AT is characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired performance. ATs can be divided into two types, acc...
Interdisciplinary care has been shown to be effective at optimizing the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease. An optimized collaboration between the various healthcare providers involved in the treatment process facilitates successful...
Tic disorders (TDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions which affect 0.3–0.9% of individuals aged < 18 years. Although tics often improve or resolve spontaneously over time, treatment is often recommended. Pharmacological approaches are widely...
Background/Objectives: Migraine is a common neurological disease with a high disability burden. Despite this, many people with migraine do not take medication to prevent attacks, even when this is indicated. Many non-pharmacological approaches to mig...
Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge that is still responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality despite advancements in pharmacological treatments. This review investigates the effectiveness of non-pharmacological...
Despite the extensive research conducted in recent decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and relative evidence-based treatments remain unclear. Various hypotheses have been successively proposed, involving diffe...
(1) Background: Hypertension is a serious medical condition characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure (BP), which is prevalent in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Pharmacological interventions are normally used to treat both...
Background: Despite incidence rates and complications, the clinical management of xerostomia lacks guidelines. Aim: The aim of this overview is to summarize the clinical experience over the past 10 years of treating xerostomia using non-pharmacologic...
Background: Despite advancements in cancer treatment, chemotherapy side effects significantly impact patients both physically and emotionally. While pharmacological treatments can mitigate these side effects, they may trigger additional side effects,...
Three to ten percent of people living with asthma have difficult-to-treat asthma that remains poorly controlled despite maximum levels of guideline-based pharmacotherapy. This may result from a combination of multiple adverse health issues including...
3 November 2025
Background/Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal ageing and dementia, with a high annual progression rate. Despite its clinical relevance, no pharmacological treatment has been definitively approv...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and affects nearly 30% of the adult population and 10% of the pediatric population. It is estimated that this number will double by 20...
18 June 2025
Sleep disturbance is common among people with cognitive impairment and, when present, is an important target for intervention because it potentially leads to negative outcomes and cognitive decline. Given this association, sleep represents a potentia...
Treatment-resistant peripartum depression (TRPD) is a significant public health concern due to the dual imperative of maternal symptom relief and fetal/neonatal safety with complex therapeutic challenges, particularly among expecting mothers worldwid...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder generally associated with pediatric patients and in lesser extent with adults. Patients diagnosed with ADHD have a higher likelihood of developing addiction. Consequentl...
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) presents several clinical challenges. This is in large part due to the formation of biofilm which can make infection eradication exceedingly difficult. Following an extensive literature search, this review surveys a v...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with cognitive impairment as a core symptom. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) also occur as non-cognitive symptoms during the disease course, worsening the prognosis. Recent treatmen...
Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is the most common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its phenotypic variability, absence of formal evidence-based guidelines for treatment and underdiagnosis have made its management a challenge for clinicians. A...
Pain is frequently reported during cancer disease, and it still remains poorly controlled in 40% of patients. Recent developments in oncology have helped to better control pain. Targeted treatments may cure cancer disease and significantly increase s...
12 March 2023
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative movement disorder, whose symptoms have a negative impact on quality of life and functionality. Although its main treatment is pharmacological, non-pharmacological aids such as the dynamic...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric migraine disrupts school performance and daily functioning. Concerns about medication overuse and limited efficacy highlight the need for non-pharmacologic treatments. The Nerivio remote electrical neuromodulation (RE...
Significant gaps remain in the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia (FM), and the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced even more unknowns. Social factors specific to that period, the viral infection itself, and/or vaccination ar...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents, with environmental and biological causal influences. Pharmacological medication is the first choice in ADHD treatment; recently, many...
Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological treatment for anxiety in palliative care patients. Anxiety, a common symptom in this population, has a significant effect on living standards. The aim of this systematic review is to...
Alzheimer’s disease is a growing global crisis in need of urgent diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The current treatment strategy mostly involves immunotherapeutic medications that have had little success in halting disease progress. Hypot...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal disease. The treatment is challenging and nowadays a comprehensive approach based not only in pharmacological strategies is necessary. Identification and control of comorbidities...
Psychological, social, and biological aspects contribute synergistically to the maintenance and chronicity of pain in primary headaches. An integrated intervention seems to be the most appropriate in the management of these conditions, taking advanta...
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood-onset epilepsy, often associated with pharmacoresistance. As complete seizure control is usually not achievable with the use of drug therapy, non-pharmacological treatment may be offer...
22 August 2021
Delirium is a common neurobehavioral complication in hospitalized patients that can occur in the acute phase and lead to poor long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify non-pharmacological nursing interventions for the prevention a...
Objectives: To assess non-pharmacologic treatment outcomes pertaining to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth with chronic idiopathic pain and their families. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 115 youth with chronic idi...
Headache disorders are a significant global health burden, leading to reduced quality of life. While vast pharmacological treatments are available, they may be associated with adverse effects or inadequate efficacy for some patients, therefore there...
Cognitive impairment (CI) represents a common symptom in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), which can affect every stage of the disease course. Recent studies seem to support cognitive rehabilitation (CR) for minimizing the CI consequen...
Depression represents one of the most common non-motor disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it has been related to worse life quality, higher levels of disability, and cognitive impairment, thereby majorly affecting not only the patients b...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by gradual onset and gradual progression, presenting a wide range of symptoms, with one of its main features being episodic memory impairment, present from the early stages of...
Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) affects up to 5% of the global population and is a leading cause of significant social and economic consequences. Higher health literacy leads to better understanding of treatment plans, improved self-care, an...
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) refers to a heterogeneous group of idiopathic diseases of the dog characterised by persistent gastrointestinal (GI) clinical signs. If conventional dietary treatment alone would be unsuccessful, management of CI...
The global ageing population faces rising depression rates due to social, economic, and health changes. Depression in older adults, often linked to isolation and health issues, requires comprehensive care. Psychotherapeutic interventions could be eff...
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse event of several first-line chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, thalidomide, and bortezomib, which negatively affects the quality of li...
Background: Most individuals affected by cancer who are treated with certain chemotherapies suffer of CIPN. Therefore, there is a high patient and provider interest in complementary non-pharmacological therapies, but its evidence base has not yet bee...
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are lifelong neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by abnormal social interaction, communication, and behavior. Sleep disturbances represent a common comorbidity in children and adolescents with ASD, with prevale...
Background: Key elements in cancer cachexia (CC) management are personalized and multimodal interventions, but it is hard for some patients to follow programs based on several components. We examined the feasibility of a bimodal intervention, includi...
25 February 2022
Background: Several interventions have been used to relieve chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aimed to compare the effects of pain neuroscience education (PNE) followed by motor control exercises (MCEs) with core stability training (CST) on pa...
Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In Italy, AD represents a major public health and socio-economic challenge. This review aims t...
Background: The diagnostics and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in women remain insufficient. Fluctuations of reproductive hormones during the premenstrual period, postpartum period, and (peri)menopause are neglected, eve...
Background: Somatic nerve injuries are a rising problem leading to disability associated with neuropathic pain commonly reported as mechanical allodynia (MA) and hyperalgesia. These symptoms are strongly dependent on specific processes in the dorsal...
Neuropsychiatric diseases and obesity are major components of morbidity and health care costs, with genetic, lifestyle, and gut microbiome factors linked to their etiology. Dietary and weight-loss interventions can help improve mental health, but the...
The aim of this randomised controlled assessor-blinded trial was to examine the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sleep variables and depressive symptomatology in outpatients with comorbid insomnia and moderate to severe depress...
Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) has been identified as a World Health Organization health priority. In particular, urge UI (UUI) refers to urine leakage associated with a sudden and compelling desire to void urine. It affects quality of life mo...
Cesarean section (CS) is the most widely performed and one of the most painful surgeries. This study investigated postoperative pain after CS using patient-related outcomes (PROs) to identify risk factors for severe pain. The secondary outcome was to...
Depressive illnesses in non-Western societies are often masked by somatic attributes that are sometimes impervious to pharmacological agents. This study explores the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for people expe...
of 18